Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Kuyambira kale, mbalame zaphalaphala zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu ngati mbalame zosaka. Koma woimira lamuloli, nyama yolusa yamphongo kuchokera kubanja la mphamba, mosiyana ndi abale ake ena, sanawonedwe ngati oyenera mphekesera.
Pachifukwa ichi, idadziwika - kestrel, posonyeza kuti ndi mnzake wosaka wopanda kanthu, osayenera kuti munthu agwiritse ntchito kuti agwire nyama yake.
Koma imakondweretsa diso ndi kukongola kwake kwanzeru, koma kwakukulu, ndipo imakhala yothandiza kwambiri, kuwononga makoswe ambiri owononga ndi tizirombo.
Koposa zonse, zolengedwa zamapikozi ndizofala kumadera aku Europe; mbalameyi imakhalanso kumpoto ndi kumadzulo kwa Asia komanso kumpoto kwa kontinenti ya Africa.
Maonekedwe azimayi a zolengedwa izi ndi osiyana ndi amuna. Choyambirira, zazikazi, modabwitsa, ndizazikulu. Mwachitsanzo, mu kestrel Amalemera pafupifupi 250 g, pomwe amuna amtunduwu amakhala ndi pafupifupi pafupifupi 165 g.
Mbalamezi zalandira dzina loti "ma falcons ang'ono". Ndipotu, ndi ang'onoang'ono kwa oimira mabanja awo ndipo ali ndi thupi lokulira pafupifupi masentimita 35. Kuphatikiza apo, akazi amawoneka osiyana ndi abambo awo pamtundu wa nthenga.
Akazi, omwe thupi lawo lakumutu ndi mutu wawo ndi ofiira ofiira, amakongoletsedwa ndi mtundu wakuda, ndi gulu loyenda. Mphepete mwa mapiko ndi bulauni yakuda. Nthenga za mchira, zokongoletsedwa ndi mikwingwirima yakuda ndikuwonekera bwino, zimakhala ndi utoto wakuda. Mimba yawo ndi yamawangamawanga, yamdima.
Nthenga zam'mutu ndi mchira wamwamuna zimasiyanitsidwa ndi masikelo ofiira, nthawi zonse nthenga ndi yofiira, yotumbululuka. Khosilo ndi lopepuka kwambiri kuposa thupi lonse. Kumbuyo kumakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, nthawi zina okhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi diamondi, mawanga akuda.
Malangizo a mapikowo ndi amdima. Ndipo mchirawo ndi wautali, umayima ndi mzere wakuda ndipo umakongoletsedwa ndi malire oyera. Undertail wodziwika ndi mawanga bulauni kapena mikwingwirima, kirimu mthunzi. Pansi pa mapiko ndi m'mimba pafupifupi zoyera kwathunthu.
Achinyamata ndi mawonekedwe osiyana ndi mtundu wa nthenga kuchokera kwa akulu. Mu mphaka wamba, ana ang'ono amafanana ndi amayi awo mumtundu. Komabe, mapiko awo ndi ozungulira kwambiri komanso amafupikitsa.
Zozungulira mozungulira maso ndi phula mwa achikulire amtunduwu ndichikasu. Komabe, mwa ana, malowa amawonekera mumithunzi kuchokera kubiriwirako mpaka kubuluu. Mchira wa mbalame zotere umazunguliridwa kumapeto, mawoko achikaso amakhala ndi zikhadabo zakuda.
Zinthu zonse zochititsa chidwi za maonekedwe a mbalamezi zikuwoneka opusa pachithunzichi.
Phokoso lomwe amatha kudya awa ndi losiyanasiyana. Kulira kwawo kumasiyana pamafupipafupi amawu, mamvekedwe ndi mphamvu yake, ndipo mitundu ya mawu, yomwe ili pafupifupi khumi ndi iwiri, imadalira momwe zinthu ziliri.
Mverani mawu a mwana wamba wamba
Mwachitsanzo, mwachisangalalo ndi nkhawa, nyama izi zimakuwa "ti-ti". Makamaka mokweza Liwu la kestrel imafalikira kudera lonselo munthawi yokolola. Chifukwa chake, amayi ndi anapiye amapereka zikwangwani kwa abambo a mbalameyo akafuna kuti awapatse gawo lotsatira la chakudya.
Moyo wa mbalame zotere umatha kukhala. Komabe, nthawi zambiri amasamukira m'nthawi yotentha kumadera opanda nyengo yabwino. Izi zimadalira kupezeka kwa chakudya m'malo okhalamo ndi malo okhala zisa.
M'nyengo yozizira, mbalame zimayesetsa kusamukira kumadera akumwera kwa Europe, Mediterranean ndi Africa. Akuluakulu samakonda kusunthira kutali kwenikweni, kuti athe kubwerera kufupi ndi malo awo okhalako zisa. Zinyama zazing'ono, pofunafuna kutentha, zimakonda kuuluka kwambiri kumwera.
Mitundu
Woimira nyama zamapiko zamtunduwu mphepo – kestrel imagawidwa m'magulu osiyanasiyana, omwe, kuphatikiza mitundu yomwe yatchulidwa kale, pali pafupifupi khumi. Zina mwazo ndizochulukirapo ndipo ndizofala, pomwe zina zimawonedwa ngati zosowa komanso zoopsa.
Tiyeni tiganizire mitundu yosangalatsa kwambiri.
- Kestrel waku Mauritius Ndi mbalame yokhala ndi nthenga, yomwe ili ndi mawanga akuda. Mosiyana ndi mitundu yambiri, palibe malingaliro azakugonana pamawonekedwe a zolengedwa zamapiko izi, ndiko kuti, amuna ndi akazi samadziwika ndi mtundu ndi kukula kwake.
Zafalikira pachilumbachi zomwe zidapatsa dzinali mtundu, ndipo zimawerengedwa kuti ndizakale. Nthawi ina m'mbuyomu, nthumwi zamtunduwu zamwalira, koma tsopano kuchuluka kwa mbalamezi kukuchira pang'onopang'ono.
- Chidole cha Madagascar Ndi yaying'ono kukula ndipo imangolemera pafupifupi g 120. M'mbali zina zonse za mawonekedwe ake ndi utoto wake ndi wofanana ndi mphamba wamba. Kuphatikiza pa Madagascar, amapezeka pachilumba cha Mayotte, ndipo nthumwi zamtunduwu zimapezekanso pa Aldabra Atoll.
- Mnyamata waku Australia, yemwe amatchedwanso ndevu zaimvi, ali ndi thupi lalitali pafupifupi masentimita 33. Kuphatikiza pa kontinenti ya Australia, imapezeka pazilumba zapafupi.
Wokongoletsa ndevu
- Seychelles Kestrel ndi mtundu wawung'ono kwambiri, womwe kukula kwake sikupitilira masentimita 20. Kumbuyo kwake kwa mbalameyi ndi kofiirira. Ili ndi mikwingwirima yakuda pamapiko ake komanso mikwingwirima yofanana nayo kumchira wake.
Mutu wake ndi wakuda kapena wamtambo wabuluu, wokhala ndi mulomo wakuda. Chiwerengero cha mbalame zotere padziko lapansi ndizochepa kwambiri kotero kuti sichiposa anthu chikwi chimodzi.
- Kestrel wamkulu ndi wamkulu kwambiri, monga dzinalo likusonyezera. Kulemera kwake kwa mbalame zotere kumafikira 330 g.Ndimakhala m'madera am'chipululu aku Africa, okhala m'zipululu zazing'ono komanso zokutira.
- Nkhandwe kestrel ndi nthumwi ina yayikulu yamtunduwu komanso ndi nzika zaku Africa. Chifukwa cha dzinalo chidaperekedwa ndi mtundu wake wofiira. Amakonda mapiri amiyala ngati malo okhala. Zosiyanasiyana ndizosowa.
Nkhandwe ndi mbalame zomwe sizimapezeka kawirikawiri
- Steppe kestrel - cholembedwacho ndichisomo, chaching'ono, kutalika kwa mapiko opapatiza kuli kwinakwake pamakonzedwe a masentimita 64. Mchira ndi woboola pakati, wotambalala, wautali. Nthenga zimafanana ndi mphaka wamba, koma oimira mitundu yomwe ikufotokozedwayi ndi ochepera kuposa kukula kwa abale awo, ali ndi mapiko osiyana ndi mawu apadera.
Amatchuka chifukwa cha mayendedwe awo m'mlengalenga panthawi yamaulendo apandege. Zimaswana ku madera a Eurasia ndi North Africa.
- Kestrel waku America ndi cholengedwa chaching'ono, ndipo pachifukwa ichi idalandiranso dzina lina - Mpheta yamphongo... Imakhala ndi mitundu yowala kwambiri, makamaka yamphongo.
Mumakhala gawo lalikulu ladziko la America. Monga ulamuliro, iye amakhala pansi.
Ziphuphu zamphongo zamphongo zimakhala ndi nthenga zowala
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Mbalame yamtunduwu ndi yotchuka chifukwa cha kuthekera kwake kozolowereka kuti izolowere mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana, kotero kuti mbalame zam'madzi zimawoneka m'malo osayembekezeka. Koma nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mphepete mwa nkhalango ndi apolisi.
Malo osakira mbalameyi ndi madera okutidwa ndi masamba ochepa. Osati kokha, chifukwa pakatikati pa Europe, mbalame zotere zimatha kukhala m'malo azikhalidwe komanso akumatauni.
Amamanganso zisa pamenepo ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, kuwononga mbewa ndi makoswe - nyama yawo yayikulu. Pali mbalame zambiri zotere, mwachitsanzo, ku Berlin ndi m'mizinda ina yaku Europe.
Zachidziwikire, mzinda wazinthu izi ndi malo osatetezeka, mbalame zimazunzidwa ndi anthu olimba ndikuphwanya, kumenya mawindo agalimoto.
Popita kumalo amene amakhala achisanu, kestrel nthawi zambiri samatsata njira zina. Akauluka, samalumikizana pagulu, koma amakonda kuyenda pawokha. Mbalamezo ndizolimba kwambiri ndipo zimapirira mosavuta zolemetsa zoyenda mlengalenga, koma, mwalamulo, sizikwera kwambiri.
M'nthawi yabwino, ndi chakudya chokwanira, sizingathe kuthawa nthawi yozizira, ngakhale m'malo omwe nyengo yake imakhala yovuta. Mwachitsanzo, milandu yotereyi idalembedwa kumwera kwa Finland mzaka zomwe anthu ovuta mdziko muno adadumphadumpha kwambiri, chifukwa chake olusa nthenga sanadziwe kuti alibe chakudya.
Pakusaka nyama, mbalame yozizira kwambiri imaundana kwambiri ikamauluka ndipo imazindikira mosavuta zinthu zonse zomwe zili pansi
Khalidwe la mbalame yakudyayi ndiwosangalala komanso yosangalatsa, chifukwa chake Zoweta zapakhomo - sizachilendo konse. Okonda mbalame ambiri amasunga ziweto zoyambirira, kuzidyetsa makamaka ndi nyama.
Anapiye amatha kuleredwa mnyumba ya ndege. Masewera ndi machitidwe awo ndizosangalatsa kuwonera, ndipo zomwe zimawachitikira ndizoseketsa.
Zakudya zabwino
Ndege za zolengedwa zamapikozi posaka nyama ndizoyambirira kwambiri komanso zodabwitsa. Zonsezi zimayamba ndikuthamanga mwachangu njira yosakira. Komanso, pamalo ena, kukhala mlengalenga, mbalame ya kestrel Zimapachikidwa bwino, ndikupanga mapiko ake pafupipafupi komanso mwachangu.
Mchira, mderali, watsitsidwa pansi ndikupanga mawonekedwe a fan. Ikugwedeza mapiko ake ndikusuntha mlengalenga, cholengedwa ichi, chokhala pamalo okwera pafupifupi 20 m kapena pansipa pang'ono, chimayang'ana chandamale choti chiukire, chomwe ndi chochititsa chidwi kwambiri.
Pozindikira nyama, kachilombo kakang'ono kapena mbewa, mlenjeyo amatsikira pansi ndipo, posakhala ndi nthawi yocheperako pafupi ndi nthaka, amakoka nyama yake. Nyamayi imatha kuuluka ikamauluka, koma imachita izi pokhapokha ikakhala nyengo yabwino.
Kukongola kwa mbalameyi ndikokwera kangapo kuposa kwa munthu. Kuchokera pamtunda wa pafupifupi mita zana, amatha kuwona zinthu zazing'ono kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, maso ake amazindikira kuwala kwa ultraviolet, komwe kumamuthandiza kuti atenge gawo lomwe limadziwika ndi mkodzo wokhala ndi ziwalo zake za masomphenya.
Kuda kwatsopano kwa chinthuchi kumamuyikira mumdima. Ndipo izi zimaperekanso mwayi kwa omwe akutsata komwe angafune makoswe.
Zakudya za mbalame yokhwima yayikulu nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo ma voles asanu ndi atatu, mbewa kapena ma shrew patsiku. Komanso, mileme, achule, tizilombo, mbozi zapadziko lapansi zimatha kukhala zokoma pamtundu wankhanzowu, komanso kuchokera ku gulu la nthenga - anapiye a nkhunda ndi mpheta.
Kuphatikiza pa kusaka komwe kwatchulidwa pamwambapa, komwe kwatchedwa dzina lonyansa "ndege zowuluka", mbalameyi imagwiritsa ntchito njira zina zosaka nyama. Nthawi zina amangokhala paphiri ndipo, atakhala wosakhazikika, amayang'anitsitsa zomwe zikuchitika m'munda wake wamasomphenya, kudikirira mphindi yabwino kuti amenyane. Zimachitika kuti imagwira nyama nthawi yomweyo.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Ndege za mbalame nthawi yamasiku amadziwikanso ndi zachilendo. Amapatsidwa mpata wowawona ku Central Europe kumapeto kwa masika. Nthawi yomweyo, mapiko a njondawo amagundana mosadukiza.
Kenako mbalamezo, zikuuluka m'malo amodzi, zimakhotera mbali ina, kenako zimathamangira pansi, kwinaku zikulira modabwitsa. Zikhulupiriro zoterezi zimachitidwa, amakhulupirira kuti, kuti adziwitse omwe akupikisana nawo za malire a tsambalo lomwe amuna amasankha.
Ma krel sangakhale ndi zisa, koma amapeza maenje kapena china chofanana nawo
Koma chizindikiritso cha mbalamezi chimaperekedwa ndi yaikazi. Kulengeza chikhumbo chake, amatulutsa mawu. Atakwatirana, bambo wa banja lomwe langopangidwa kumene, posonyeza chitsanzo kwa bwenzi lake, amathamangira kumalo osanja komwe anasankha kale.
Nthawi yomweyo, amatulutsa mawu, omwe amalembedwa pano. Uku ndikung'ung'udza kwambiri. Popitiliza kutulutsa mawu omwewo, yamphongoyo imachita mwambowo pokonza chisa ndikupatsa chidwi chake chomwe wasungira pasadakhale mlendo wamtsogolo.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti oimira maufumu a nthenga nthawi zambiri samanga zisa zawo, koma amagwiritsa ntchito nyumba zosiyidwa za mbalame zina. Nthawi zina amakhala opanda chisa palimodzi, ndipo kuyala kumachitika m'mabowo a nyama, mabowo amitengo, pamiyala pomwepo, amatenga nyumba zokongola zopangidwa ndi anthu.
Nthawi yobisalira, kestrels nthawi zambiri amapanga magulu, omwe kuchuluka kwake kumafika awiri angapo. Kuchuluka kwa mazira mu clutch ndi eyiti, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala ochepa.
Onse makolo akuchita makulitsidwe a ana kwa mwezi umodzi. Mbewu yomwe idawonekera posachedwa ili ndi zoyera zoyera, zomwe patapita kanthawi zimasanduka imvi. Komanso anapiye ali ndi milomo yoyera ndi zikhadabo.
Pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, ana amayesa kuwuluka, ndipo pambuyo pa mwezi wina amaphunzira kusaka pawokha. Ali ndi zaka chimodzi, iwo amakhala nawo kale pantchito yobereka.
Mwana wankazi wa chisa m'chisa
Zongopeka, kutalika kwa mbalamezi sikuchepa konse ndipo kumawerengedwa ngati zaka 16. Komabe, mwayi womwe wabadwa kale anapiye a kestrel adzakhala ndi moyo mpaka kukalamba, kuchepa kwambiri.
Chowonadi ndichakuti mbalame zakufa m'chilengedwe ndizokwera kwambiri, makamaka pakati pa omwe amakhala m'malo ovuta m'nyengo yozizira. Samamwaliranso ndi kuzizira, koma chifukwa chakusowa kwa chakudya. Poona izi, theka lokha la anapiye obadwa kamodzi amakhala moyo woposa chaka chimodzi.
