Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Woyimira chidwi wa mbalame amapezeka m'madambo aku Russia - buluu... Amadzitamandira osati chovala chodabwitsa, komanso mawu okongola, omwe sioperewera pakumveka kwa kuimba kwa nightingale, komwe ndi wachibale.
Zamoyo zoterezi ndi za banja losaka ntchentche. Ndi ang'onoang'ono kukula kwake, pafupifupi kukula kwa mpheta yamunda (kutalika kwa thupi ndi pafupifupi masentimita 15), ndipo amakhala ngati wopitilira.
Kungakhale kosavuta kuwasokoneza ndi mbalame zotere, chifukwa cha kufanana kwina, ngati sichoncho mitundu yowala ya nthenga.
Amuna amodzi amawoneka okongola kwambiri. Maonekedwe a bluethroats amakongoletsedwa kwambiri ndi kolala yamdima wabuluu, ofiira, achikasu ndi oyera. Amuna, omwe nthenga zawo zimawala kwambiri m'nyengo yokwatirana, zimasiyanitsa ndi azibwenzi awo pokhala ndi utoto wonyezimira, mzera wonyezimira pansi pakhosi pakhosi.
Ndipo pa bluethroats wamkazi motsutsana ndi kusewera kwamitundu yonse, ngakhale kopanda utoto wofiyira ndi wabuluu, pamalo omwe akuwonetsedwa mutha kuwona mzere wama buluu womwe umakopeka ndi owonerera. Kumbuyo kwa mbalame zotere kumakhala kofiirira, nthawi zina kumakhala kofiirira, pamimba nthawi zambiri pamakhala mopepuka.
Zowonjezera mwa amuna ndizofiira. Mchira, womwe umapinda komanso kufutukuka ngati fanesi yokongola, uli ndi mdima kumapeto kwake ndipo pakati pake pamakhala bulauni. Mlomo wa zolengedwa zamapiko zotere nthawi zambiri umakhala wakuda.
Mbalamezi zimatha kusangalatsa mitima yawo osati kokha ndi mtundu wa nthenga zawo. Ndi zazing'ono komanso zokongola, ndipo kukongola kwa mbalamezi kumatsindika bwino ndi miyendo yawo yayitali yakuda.
Nthenga za mtundu wa buluu sizowala ngati zaimuna.
Liwu la Bluethroat nthawi zina zimakhala zofanana ndi ma nightingale trill kotero kuti matanthauzidwe amawu a mbalame ziwirizi amatha kusokonezeka. Chinsinsi chake nchakuti omwe amafotokozedwa omwe akuimira ufumu wamphapayo adapatsidwa mwachilengedwe kuti athe kutsanzira kuimba kwa mbalame zina, kutulutsa mawu awo.
Mverani mawu a mbalame yamtambo
Mwina ndichifukwa chake m'Chilatini mbalame zotere zimatchedwa "Sweden nightingales". Amawatcha kuti akadali, omwe anakhalako zaka mazana atatu zapitazo, Kwa Linnaeus, wasayansi wodziwika-wamsonkho.
Pofuna chilungamo, ziyenera kudziwika kuti ma trilight "nightingale" omwe ma bluethroats amaswa sanasiyanebe ndi achibale awo, koma ndizosangalatsa kuwamvera. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti aliyense mwa ma bluethroats ali ndi nyimbo zake zokha.
Bluethroat imatchedwa Swedish nightingale chifukwa chakuimba bwino.
Apa khalidwe la nyimboyi, momwe imasinthira, kamvekedwe kake ndi zina zanzeru zam'mimba zimasiyanitsidwa ndi zoyambira.
Zingakhale zosangalatsa kwambiri kuyimba bluethroatmakamaka, amuna oimira zosiyanasiyana, panthawi yamiyambo. Amavala makonsati, kuyambira m'mawa kwambiri, pomwe mawu a mbalame amakhala okoma kwambiri, ndikutha kumapeto kwa dzuwa.
Pofufuza zolinga zawo, atakhala panthambi za tchire, okwera pamahatchi, akuwonetsa maluso awo kwa abwenzi awo, nthawi zambiri amawuluka mlengalenga, ndikupanga maulendo onyamula nthawi ino yamoyo wa mbalame.
Nyimbo zomwe zatchulidwazi zimatsagana ndi kudina, kulira ndi mluzu, zochokera kwa ena oimira gulu lamapiko lomwe limakhala mozungulira. Mbalame nthawi zambiri zimabwereza kuphatikiza kwa mawu "varak-varak", ndicho chifukwa cha dzina lawo.
Kuphatikiza pa zigawo za dziko lathu, mbalame zoterezi zimakhazikika m'malo ochepa kwambiri amayiko aku Europe ndi Asia, ndipo amapezeka ku Alaska. M'nyengo yozizira, amapita kumadera ofunda a kumpoto kwa Africa kapena zigawo zakumwera kwa Asia, kumayiko monga India, omwe amapezeka m'malo onse, kapena kumadzulo, ku Pakistan, komwe amafunafuna malo okhala mosungiramo bata m'nkhalango zamabango.
Pofuna kuthawirako nthawi yachisanu, adasankha madera akumwera kwa chipululu cha Sahara, komwe kuli madambo ambiri, komanso mitsinje, yomwe magombe ake ali ndi zomera zambiri.
Mitundu
Kukhala ndi mitundu yofanana, oimira adziko lamapikowa amagawika m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, omwe alipo khumi ndi mmodzi. Kumaliza maphunziro kumachitika makamaka ndi malo okhala. Ndipo oimira awo amasiyana pamitundumitundu, yomwe ilipo kufotokozera kwa bluethroats lirilonse la maguluwa.
Chofunikira pakudziwitsa za subspecies inayake ndi kukula ndi mthunzi wa pakhosi. Anthu okhala kumpoto kwa Russia, Scandinavia, Kamchatka ndi Siberia amadziwika ndi mtundu wofiira wa zokongoletserazi, wophiphiritsira wotchedwa "nyenyezi". Red-mutu bluethroats, monga ulamuliro, ndi anthu a kumpoto, amapezeka ngakhale Yakutia ndi Alaska.
Mtundu woyera umapezeka m'masamba a Transcaucasian, Central Europe ndi Western Europe. Bluethroats okhala ku Iran nthawi zambiri amadziwika ndi kusapezeka kwa chizindikirochi.
Komanso, oimira mitundu yofotokozedwayo amasiyana kukula. Mwachitsanzo, ma bluethroats aku Scandinavia nthawi zambiri amakhala okulirapo kuposa Central Russian, Tien Shan, Caucasian subspecies.
Mitundu ina yamtundu wa bluethroat ilinso ndi nthenga zochepa zowala.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Monga tanenera kale, awa ndi nthumwi zosamukasamuka zaufumu. Kupita nyengo yachisanu (yomwe nthawi zambiri imachitika kumapeto kwa Ogasiti), samasonkhana pagulu, koma amapita kumadera otentha m'modzi m'modzi.
Poyesa kupanga njira zawo zapaulendo m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, zolengedwa zamapikozi zimayenda, ndikuima pafupipafupi m'nkhalango. Ndege zawo sizingatheke, chifukwa zimapangidwa usiku, ndipo ma bluethroats sakonda kutalika ndi mitunda yayitali.
Tisaiwale kuti ndege mbalame bluethroat nthawi zonse, osati kokha pakusamuka, imakhala yaulesi kwambiri, ndipo imakwera mlengalenga pokhapokha pakafunika kutero, nthawi zambiri kumakhala pafupi ndi nthaka. Zamoyo zotere zimathamanga mwachangu, nthawi ndi nthawi zimaimitsa, kwinaku zikugwedeza mchira wawo, ndikutsitsa mapiko awo, zimamveka zowopsa.
Amabwerera kuchokera kumalo awo achisanu (makamaka ochokera ku India ndi Kumpoto kwa Africa) kwinakwake mkatikati mwa masika. Zikafika nthawi yomweyo, amuna amadabwitsidwa ndi kufunafuna malo obisalira. Kukula kwake nthawi zambiri kumakhala kofunika, nthawi zina - kuposa mahekitala.
Koma ngati malo oterowo apezeka kale, adzasankhidwa kupitilira chaka chimodzi, chifukwa zolengedwa zokhala ndi mapiko zokongola ndizokhazikika kwambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, maubwenzi apabanja, akangopangidwa, nthawi zambiri amapitilira, popeza omwe kale anali ndi akazi amakhala ndi chizolowezi chobwerera kuchokera kumadera ofunda kupita kumalo omwewo.
Chifukwa chake amabereka ana awo, amakumananso ndi anzawo omwe anali nawo kale.
Zowona, pamakhala milandu pomwe amuna amapeza okwatirana angapo, awiri kapena atatu nthawi imodzi, pomwe amatha kuthandizira chilakolako chilichonse polera ana. Nthawi yomweyo, zisa za abwenzi, monga mungaganizire, zili pafupi.
Mwa ma bluethroats, palinso azimayi osungulumwa, nthawi zambiri amatenga mwayi wothandizira ana ankhosa omwe asiyidwa opanda makolo pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, ndipo amadyetsa bwino ana, m'malo mwa amayi.
Bluethroats nthawi zambiri amakhala m'madambo okhala ndi chinyezi chachikulu, pafupi ndi mitsinje, madambo, mitsinje, m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso m'malo otsetsereka. Nyamayi, yothamanga kwambiri, imakonda kubisala m'maso, makamaka anthu, m'nkhalango zowirira, msondodzi, sedge, posankha udzu wobiriwira komanso tchire.
Bluethroats amakhala m'madambo ndi m'nkhalango zamatchire
Oimira ma subspecies akumpoto, omwe amakhala m'nkhalango-tundra, amakonda nkhalango zochepa komanso nkhalango zowala.
Ngakhale kuti ma bluethroats anali osamala poyerekeza ndi ma bip, anthu amasinthasintha mosavuta kuti agwire mbalame zokongolazi. Koma ali mu ukapolo, amazika mizu bwino ndipo nthawi zambiri amasangalatsa eni ake kwa nthawi yayitali ndi mawonekedwe awo abwino ndikuimba.
Zakudya zabwino
Zakudya zam'madzi ndizodzichepetsa, ndizosangalatsa kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya cha nyama: tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, mbozi, mbozi, kafadala, ndi chakudya chomera, mwachitsanzo, amakonda zipatso.
Mbalamezi nthawi zambiri zimafunafuna chakudya pafupi ndi nthaka, zimayang'anitsitsa zigawo zake zakusaka pofunafuna nyama, kukokolola nthaka ndikupukuta masamba omwe agwa chaka chatha. Koma nthawi zina, bluethroat imasankha kupita kukasaka mlengalenga, motero imagwira ntchentche ndi tizilombo tina, ndipo nthawi yotentha sikusowa zakudya zabwino zoterezi.
Nthawi zambiri, poyenda pansi ndikumadumpha kwambiri, mbalameyi imafunafuna ndikudya slugs, akangaude, ntchentche, ntchentche za caddis, ziwala. Ngakhale achule ang'onoang'ono amatha kuwadya.
Mwachitsanzo, mutagwira mbozi, mbalame bluethroat, sichimayamwa nyama yake nthawi yomweyo, koma chimayamba chikuigwedeza bwino, ndikupitilizabe kuchita izi mpaka zinyalala zonse zosadyedwa zisagwedezeke kuchokera pachakudya chake chomwe chimapangidwira m'mimba.
Ndipo pokhapokha atayamba kudya, atameza yummy wokonzedwa. M'dzinja, ndi tchimo kuti oimira amfumu yamitunduyi asadye zipatso, zipatso za mbalame yamatcheri ndi elderberry, pomwe ambiri amapezeka.
Mbalame zotere zimalera ana awo, zimadyetsa makamaka mbozi, mphutsi ndi tizilombo. Komabe, zakudya za anapiye zimaphatikizaponso chakudya chomera.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Nthawi yayikulu yamasewera okwatirana, njonda zimayesetsa m'njira iliyonse kuwonetsa akazi kukongola kwa nthenga zawo. Koma ngakhale koyambirira - kwinakwake mu Epulo, atapambana anzawo kubwerera kwawo kwachisanu kwakanthawi, amuna mwachangu amasankha ndikulondera madera omwe asankhidwa, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti achibale ena onse amakhala patali kwambiri.
Bluethroats sakhala ochezeka, makamaka munthawi imeneyi. Tsopano ndichinthu chachikulu kwa iwo, kukhala ogwirizana m'banja, kulera olowa m'malo olimba ndi athanzi amtundu wa bluethroat.
Gawo lotsatira mutasankha bwenzi ndikumanga chisa. Zinyama zotere zimamanga malo okometsetsa a anapiye ochokera ku zimayambira ndi udzu, amazidula ndi moss kunja, ndikuziphimba ndi mkati.
Pachithunzicho, mazira abuluu pachisa
Amakonda kuyika nyumba zawo pafupi ndi madzi m'nkhalango zowirira munthambi zotsika kwambiri, nthawi zina ngakhale pansi. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotheka kupeza zisa za mbalamezi pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu mulu wa nthambi zakale.
Atayikidwa kumeneko mazira a bluethroat (nthawi zambiri amakhala mpaka 7) amakhala ndi azitona zamtundu wa buluu, nthawi zina amakhala ndi mthunzi wa utoto wofiirira kapena wofiira.
Wokondedwayo amatenga gawo lalikulu pakulera mwanayo, ngakhale mnzake yekhayo akuchita nawo mazira (nthawi imatha milungu iwiri). Koma yamwamuna imamuthandiza kukonza chisa, kupatsa chakudya mkazi wake, kudyetsa ana omwe adabadwa pambuyo pake.
Anapiye abuluu mchisa
Anapiye a mbalame zotere ndi zolengedwa za motley zokutidwa ndi bulauni-ginger wofinya ndi mawanga ocher.
Mwana amene akukula amakhala wotakasuka, ndimalo okhala ndi chisa cha kholo kwa milungu iwiri yokha. Ndipo zitatha izi, bluethroat mwana wankhuku ayesetsa kale kukhala moyo wodziyimira pawokha komanso maulendo apaulendo, koma makolo amathandizira anawo ndi chisamaliro chawo sabata ina.
Ana sangaiwale gawo lomwe adakulira, kuzolowera ndikuyesera kubwerera masika kumawa komwe amakhala. Nyama zokongola za nthenga zimenezi zimakhala kuthengo pafupifupi zaka zitatu.
Chiwerengero cha kumpoto kwa bluethroats sichokhazikika. Koma ku Central Europe, komwe kumathera madambo ambiri, kuchuluka kwa mbalamezi, zomwe zasowa malo awo, kwatsika kwambiri.
