Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe amtunduwu
Munthu adayamba kuweta nkhumba, malinga ndi asayansi, zaka zoposa zikwi khumi zapitazo. Izi zidachitika ku Middle East, malinga ndi magwero ena - ku China wakale. Ndipo anthu adachita izi makamaka chifukwa cha mafuta abulu opatsa thanzi komanso nyama yokoma yowutsa mudyo.
Izi zopatsa thanzi zimapatsa thupi laumunthu osati mavitamini, mavitamini, mphamvu zofunikira pantchito zofunikira, komanso chitetezo chokwanira chamatenda, ngati mankhwala.
Analimbitsa mtima, mitsempha, ziwalo zina ndi ziwalo. Ndipo pakadali pano, sikuti nyama ndi mafuta anyama okha ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafakitale, koma ziphuphu ndi khungu, komanso mafupa a nyama zowetedwa.
Masiku ano, akuti pafupifupi mitundu zana ya nkhumba zoweta padziko lapansi. Ndipo pakati pawo pali zachilendo ndi wapadera. Izi zikuphatikiza Chihungary mangalica. Nkhumba mtundu uwu uli ndi mawonekedwe atypical kwathunthu, owala, osakumbukika. Ndipo ku Europe, nkhumbazi pang'onopang'ono zikopa mitima ya oweta nkhumba onse ndipo ndi ena mwa oyamba kwambiri.
Choyambirira, nkhumbazi ndizodziwika, za mtundu wa tsitsi lalitali, chifukwa chopotana, chofanana ndi ubweya wa astrakhan, wokutira thupi lawo lonse, momwe adalandira dzina loti "nkhumba za nkhosa".
Amadziwikanso kuti curly, hairy, downy ndi ubweya. Izi zimathandizira kuti nyama zotere zisamangokhala omasuka nthawi yamvula komanso kuzika mizu m'maiko omwe ali ndi nyengo yovuta, komanso chilimwe zimakhala zotetezera ku tizilombo tosasangalatsa.
Kuphatikiza apo, ma mangalitsa ndiwodziwika bwino chifukwa cha mthunzi wawo wapachiyambi, womwe umapatsidwa mwayi wokhoza kusintha mtundu wake kutengera osati kuchuluka kwa nyengoyo, komanso zaka, mtundu wa chakudya, momwe amasamalirira nyama izi komanso mtundu wa nthaka yomwe amasungidwa.
Zonse zakunja kwa mtundu uwu zimawoneka bwino mu chithunzi cha Hungary mangalica... Mthunzi wa malaya a nkhumba zotere umatha kukhala wachikaso chofiirira ndikusiyanasiyana mpaka kuwala, pafupifupi koyera. Oimira nkhumba zamtunduwu amathanso kukhala akuda, otuwa-bulauni komanso osakanikirana (awa nthawi zambiri amatchedwa swallows).
Mangalits amakhalanso ndi:
- thupi lapakati, lokutidwa ndi ma bristles ataliatali, owirira, ofewa ndi kutupa;
- mimba yopusa;
- owoneka mwamphamvu, koma mafupa ochepa;
- manyazi a kutalika kwapakati ndi chidendene chokwera pang'ono pamwamba;
- wodzaza ndi ubweya, makutu apakatikati;
- mzere wowongoka, womwe mzere wake umasandulika kukhala cropoping;
- mchira wokulitsa ndi ngayaye yoyera.
Ndipo chithumwa cha nkhumba chimaperekedwa ndi mphuno zakuda ndi maso okhala ndi eyelashes akulu, okongola kwambiri, omwe, kuphatikiza ndi mawonekedwe abwino komanso malingaliro amtendere kwa munthu, amakopa kwambiri.
Komanso Chihungary mangalitsa amadziwika ndi khungu lakuda lomwe lili ndi khungu, lomwe nthawi zina siliyenera kukhala pinki, malinga ndi miyezo. Mawere, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala osapitilira khumi, ndi akuda.
Koma ubweya wandiweyani ndi ubweya m'makutu amtunduwu ndi zina mwazovuta. Chinthu chachikulu chodziwikiratu cha munthu wangwiro ndi kupezeka kwa malo otchedwa Velman. Chizindikiro kuseri kwa khutu kumawoneka ngati malo odziwika bwino.
Kuswana ndi kusamalira
Mangalitsa adabadwa pafupifupi zaka mazana awiri zapitazo ku Hungary (monga dzina limanenera). Wofesa Josef adayamba kufunafuna mtundu wa nkhumba zoweta zomwe zimatha kulekerera kuzizira, kudzichepetsa podyetsa.
Ndipo chifukwa cha kuyesayesa kwake, adapanga mtundu, kuswana kwake kumakhala kotchipa, chifukwa cha oimira ake omvera komanso kulolerana bwino nyengo iliyonse. Nthawi yomweyo, mtundu uwu umalola kuti mwiniwake alandire nyama yabwino kwambiri yokhala ndi kukoma kwapadera, kwapadera komanso kwamtengo wapatali.
Kuti akwaniritse ntchito yomwe tafotokozayi, mu 1833, nkhumba zakutchire ndi nkhumba zamtchire zidawoloka ndi Joseph ndi nkhumba zoweta za Carpathian ndi Mediterranean, zomwe zidapereka zotsatira zabwino.
Kuyambira pamenepo mpaka pakati pa zaka zana zapitazi sungani mangalitsa wachi Hungary kunapezeka kuti ndiwotchuka kwambiri kwawo ku Hungary, ndikupereka nyama yomwe ilibe cholesterol ndipo imavomerezedwa ndi thupi la munthu.
Nyama ya ku Hungary ya mangalica
Minofu ya nyama yamtengo wapatali imayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kufanana kwa zigawo zamafuta, komanso mbale zophikira - chifukwa cha juiciness yake yapadera Nyama ya ku Hungary ya mangalicaamagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pamamenyu odyera apamwamba. Ndipo mafuta anyama ndi nyama yankhumba ya nkhumbazi anali ochuluka kale, monga pano, pamsika wapadziko lonse.
Ziwetozi sizifunikira chisamaliro chochuluka, ndipo nthumwi zamtunduwu sizimadwala, osafuna katemera, omwe samangogwira ntchito kukhwima kokha, komanso kwa achinyamata.
Koma zofunikira pobzala nkhumba zotere kuti zikhale ndi chonde, zokolola komanso kukula kwa nyama tsiku lililonse ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zina. Ndipo pokhapo pomwe padzakhala kotheka kupeza zotsatira zomwe mukufuna.
Nkhumba zamtunduwu zimatha kusungidwa kotsekedwa, ndiye kuti m khola la nkhumba ndi zolembera. Komabe, mawonekedwe apadera amakhalidwe awo, omwe ndi - chikondi cha ufulu wa "nkhumba zankhosa" zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti oweta nkhumba aziswana nawo m'khola.
Katunduyu, ngakhale theka lachiwiri la zaka za XX, adakhala chimodzi mwazifukwa zakuchepa kwa kutchuka kwa nkhumba za fluffy, zomwe zidakhala chifukwa chachikulu chakuchepa kwa chiwerengero chawo panthawiyi.
Zotsatira zake, panthawi ina, mtunduwo sunangokhala wosowa, koma pafupifupi kutha. Koma masiku ano, zikagwedezeka, kufunikira Chihangare downy mangalica imabwezeretsedwanso chifukwa chakulimbana ndi chisanu komanso zipatso za mtunduwo, chitetezo chokwanira komanso kupirira.
Chihangare downy mangalica
Osati nyama yankhumba ndi nyama ya nkhumba zokhazokha zomwe zimafunikira, koma makamaka za jamoni. Zimakhala zodula pankhani yazakudya zabwino. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kusamalira ndi kuswana kwa mangalitsa kumabweretsa ndalama zambiri kwa alimi amakono a nkhumba.
Mitunduyi idayambiranso kutchuka, kutchuka padziko lonse lapansi, mwazinthu zina, kuphatikiza madera akutali aku Russia, chifukwa chodzichepetsera, komwe kumathandizidwa kwambiri ndi magulu amtundu wopatsirana ndi makolo achilengedwe.
Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti posunga khola la nkhumba, kuyeretsa nthawi zonse pakhola ndikusintha zinyalala zotentha, zomwe ndizofunikira m'khola, ziyenera kuchitidwa. Ndipo kutentha m'chipindamo kosunga nyama m'nyengo yozizira sikuyenera kutsika pansi pa 15 ° C.
Kuswana mtunduwo ndikotheka, komanso momasuka. Ndiye kuti, ndi chisamaliro choterocho, nyamazo zimadyetserako ziweto nthawi zonse, ndipo zimangothamangitsidwa m'misasa nthawi yanyengo yoipa. Pamasiku otentha, ma canopies a dzuwa amafunikanso.
Kukhala modyetsa kwaulere, mangalitsy amadya mosangalala osati udzu ndi ziphuphu zokha, zokondedwa ndi nkhumba zonse, komanso ndere zothandiza m'thupi lawo, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri.
Mwamuna Wachi Hungary Mangalica
Kudziko lakwawo ku Hungary, nyengo yabwino, nkhumba izi nthawi zambiri zimathamangitsidwa kukadyetsa tsiku lililonse, komwe nthawi yachilimwe zimakhala ndi msipu wokwanira komanso zinyalala. Amadyanso namsongole mosangalala.
Zinthu zosakanikirana nazonso zafalikira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti nkhumba zimadya msipu nthawi yachilimwe, nthawi yozizira zimayendetsedwa mchipinda chokhala ndi zida zokonzekereratu.
Ndibwino kusakaniza choko chosweka ndi dongo lofiira muzakudya zawo, popeza chakudya chawo chiyenera kukhala ndi ndiwo zamasamba komanso mavitamini. Ndikudya koyenera, kuchuluka kwa nyama kwa munthu aliyense kumakhala pafupifupi 700 g tsiku lililonse.
Mukadyetsedwa mbatata ndi balere, nkhumba izi nthawi zambiri zimalemera thupi osati mwachangu kwenikweni. Ndipo pafupifupi miyezi khumi wazaka ndi zakudya zofananira kulemera kwa mangalary waku Hungary kawirikawiri pafupifupi 100 kg.
Koma ndikuchulukitsa kudya ndi tirigu ndikuwonjezera keke, hazel, chinangwa, masamba, ma acorn ndi ma chestnuts, komanso zabwino, chiwerengerochi chimakwera mpaka makilogalamu 150, ndipo pakatha zaka ziwiri wamkulu amakhala ndi makilogalamu pafupifupi 250 kapena kupitilira apo.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Mtunduwo umadziwikanso chifukwa chobereketsa kosangalatsa. Koma nkhumba zimabereka ana asanu ndi mmodzi pakuberekera koyamba, nthawi zina kasanu ndi kawiri, zomwe zimawerengedwa kuti sizochuluka kwambiri. Koma ndi chiwerengero chotsatira cha ana a nkhumba omwe amabadwa kumene amakula mpaka khumi, nthawi zina khumi ndi awiri.
Kulumikizana ndi mangalits achi Hungary
Pakati pa nthawi ya bere, makamaka asanabadwe, amayenera kuyang'aniridwa nthawi zonse mchipinda chotentha, chowuma, chokhala ndi zida zonse, momwe amafunikira kuyeretsa pafupipafupi.
Chihungary mangalitsa nkhumba amabadwa ndi mtundu wamizere yapadera, atalandira malowa kuchokera kwa makolo awo - nkhumba zakutchire za Carpathian. Akangobadwa kumene, asanaikidwe kwa amayi, amatsukidwa ndi udzu.
Pokula bwino, ana a nkhumba amafunikira jakisoni wopewera magazi kuti ateteze kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera. Amapangidwa masiku angapo atabadwa.
Patadutsa masiku awiri, ziphuphu zimadulidwa kwa makanda kuti mawere a amayi asavulazidwe akamadyetsa. Nguluwe zazing'ono zomwe sizimapangidwira kuti ziberekane nthawi zambiri zimatulutsidwa mu sabata lachiwiri la moyo.
Ana a nkhumba ali ndi mwayi wodyetsa mkaka wa amayi mpaka mwezi umodzi ndi theka. Ndipo kuyambira nthawi ngati izi, nkhumba imafunikira zakudya zabwino kwambiri kuti ibwezeretse mphamvu zake.
Nkhumba ya mangalica ya ku Hungary
Ndipo pano chakudyacho chiyenera kuphatikiza chimanga ndi balere popanda kuwonjezera chinangwa, tirigu, mpendadzuwa ndi nyama ndi fupa. M'nyengo yotentha, ndizothandiza kwambiri kuwonjezera beets, kaloti, zukini, amadyera ku chakudya cha Hungary downy mangalica.
Pakatha mwezi umodzi akudya mkaka, nkhumba zazing'ono zimafunikira kale kudyetsa. Pamsinkhu uwu, sikulimbikitsidwa kudyetsa ana a nkhumba chakudya chomwe amayi awo amadya, kuti asavulaze zamoyo zawo.
Maimidwe oyambira ndi kuwonjezera kwa masamba obiriwira pang'ono ndioyenera kuvala. Koma pakatha milungu iwiri ina, anawo ayenera kuphunzitsidwa pang'ono pang'ono chimanga, tirigu, balere ndikuwonjezera chimanga ndi choko.
Ndipo miyezi inayi atabadwa, ana a nkhumba amayamba kudyetsa kwambiri, kuyambitsa udzu, mtedza, ndi chakudya chamagulu. Akamaliza kunenepa, ena mwa iwo amatumizidwa kukaphedwa, ndipo nkhumba zomwe zasankhidwa zimasalira kuti ziswane.
Amayi ndi ana a nkhumba a ku Hungary mangalica
Kawirikawiri nkhumba imakonzekera kusamba koyamba pa msinkhu wa chaka chimodzi, chomwe chimaonedwa kuti chimachedwa ndi mitundu ina. Ndipo pambuyo pobereka, mkazi amatumizidwa kokaphedwa kapena kumusiyira kuti aberekane pambuyo pake, kutengera mawonekedwe ake ndi zosowa zake. Ndi chisamaliro chabwino, anthu amtunduwu, ngati satsekedwa ndi eni ake kale, amatha kukhala ndi moyo zaka 20.
Mtengo ndi ndemanga za mangalica waku Hungary
Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti nkhumba zotere zimangosungidwa kuti ziziswana ana kuti zigulitsidwe. Ubwino wa bizinesi yotere imafotokozedwa ndi okwera pamtengo wa mangalitsa waku Hungary... Zimakhala zapamwamba kwambiri kuposa mtengo wamitundu ina yambiri.
Nthawi zambiri, nkhumba zotere zimawononga ma ruble osachepera 6,000, ndipo nthawi zambiri kugula koteroko kumawonongetsa wogula kawiri ndi theka. Mtengo wa munthu wamkulu umafika ma ruble 40,000.
Ndikofunika kuchenjeza kuti mukamagula nyama zazing'ono, muyenera kukhala osamala kwambiri, chifukwa nthawi zambiri alimi, m'malo moimira mtunduwo, amakonda kulowa mumtundu womwe umapezeka podutsa ndi mitundu ina yotsika mtengo. Ndipo sangakhale ndi mikhalidwe yamtunduwu, yosiyana pakukula pang'onopang'ono komanso mwamakani.
Pofuna kuti musakhale nyama zosawerengeka zambiri, ndibwino kuti mufunse za mbiri ya famu ya nkhumba, yomwe wogula azikayendera, komanso ndemanga za eni ake, ngakhale asanagule.
Musanapange mgwirizano, ndikofunikira kuyendera ndowe ndikuphunzira za kholo la munthu aliyense. Ndikofunikira kuwunika ngati pali zizindikiro za kuyera, kuphatikizapo kupezeka kwa malo a Velman kuseri kwa khutu.
Ndibwinonso ngati nkhumba ikuyesedwa ndi veterinarian musanagule. Ndikofunika kuyang'ana pa ntchitoyi komanso kupezeka kwa njala yaying'ono, yomwe nthawi zonse imakhala chisonyezo chabwino.
Ndemanga za Mangalizi achi Hungary umboni wa kupirira kwapadera kwamtunduwu. Maofesi a nkhumba omwe amadziwika bwino kuswana nkhumba zokongola ngati nkhosa nthawi zambiri amakhala bizinesi yopindulitsa. Zowona, mtunduwo uli ndi zovuta. Izi, monga lamulo, zimawerengedwa kuti zikuphatikiza kufunikira koyenda pafupipafupi komanso zovuta pakubereketsa koyambirira.
Posachedwa, chidwi chachikulu pazomwe zili mu mangalitsa zawonetsedwa m'maiko a Ukraine ndi ku UK. Ndipo kudziko lakwawo ku Hungary, kuyambira koyambirira kwa zaka za zana lino, malamulo angapo akhazikitsidwa omwe amalimbikitsa kuswana kwa nkhumba zotere, zomwe tsopano zikufanana ndi cholowa cha dziko.
