Gulu kuchokera ku nkhuku. Komabe, mosiyana ndi nkhuku zoweta, ma hazel grouses samaswana mu ukapolo. Makamaka, mbalame zimayikira mazira, kukana kuswa. Izi zimapereka mpata kwa alimi. Kusunga ma hazel grouses, amaikira mazira osiyidwa pa nkhuku wamba. Zigawo sizizindikira kusintha. Komabe, ma grazel hazel nthawi zambiri amapezeka kuthengo, akuwoneka ngati chikho chosakira osaka.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a hazel grouse
Hazel grouse - mbalame osamala, amanyazi. Kusintha kwakanthawi kumalumikizidwa ndi mawonekedwe acuity ndi kumva. Kuyandikira ku hazel grouse patali ndi ntchito yovuta. Ichi ndichifukwa chake nkhuku yakutchire imawerengedwa kuti ndiyabwino. Sizosangalatsa zokha, komanso zokoma.
Nyama ya hazel grouse imadzazidwa ndi mapuloteni ndi mafuta mofanana. Nthawi yomweyo, pali ma kilocalories 250 okha pa magalamu 100 a malonda. Kukoma kwa nyama ndi kowawa, kokometsedwa ndi fungo la utomoni.
Mtundu wa hazel grouse umapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kubisala m'nkhalango zamitengo
Maonekedwe a hazel grouse amadziwika ndi:
1. Kukula pang'ono. Pakati pa nkhuku, mbalameyi ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, yolemera kuposa theka la kilogalamu.
Pali nthano kuti nthawi ina nkhalango zidanjenjemera pomwe chimphona chachikulu cha hazel chidayamba. Nyamazo zinamuthawa chifukwa cha mantha. Mulungu anazindikira vuto lake. Grouse adakumana ndi zovuta zina, adati sanasangalale ndi kukula kwake. Kenako Mulungu anaganiza zogawa nyama yoyera ya chimphona chija mwa zonse zonga nkhuku. Zotsatira zake, hazel grouse idapeza zochepa kwambiri.
Komabe, ngakhale itakhala yaing'ono, nthenga imatha kupanga phokoso lolimba ikanyamuka.
2. Kutalika kwa thupi mpaka masentimita 40.
3. Nthambi zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, momwe madera akuda, oyera, otuwa, ofiira, abulauni amasinthasintha. Pali mawanga ofiira kuzungulira maso. Kuwala pamaso. Chifukwa chake dzina lachi Russia la mbalameyi.
Dzina lapadziko lonse lachi Latin lomwe lili ndi nthenga ndi Bonasa bonasia. Pansi pa dzinali, hazel grouse yalembedwa mu Red Book. Kuchepetsa nkhalango ndi alenje "adagwetsa" kuchuluka kwa zamoyozo.
4. Kuwonetsa modekha zakugonana. Amuna ali ofiira kwambiri pamwamba pamaso, pali malo akuda pamlomo ndi pakatikati pa chisoti. Amuna amalemera pafupifupi magalamu 100 kuposa akazi. Otsatirawa ali ndi malo akuda pakhosi. Amuna amalandidwa.
5. Kumanga wandiweyani. Mutu ukuwoneka wocheperako. Izi ndichifukwa choti chimasiyana, pomwe thupi lolimba limadzionetsera.
6. Mlomo waufupi, wamphamvu, wokhota pang'ono wokhala ndi m'mbali mwake.
7. m'mbali Corneous pa waung'ono, zala zinayi zala.
Hazel grouse pachithunzichizingawoneke mosiyana. Mitundu yazithunzi, malo amoto zimadalira dera lomwe mbalame imakhalamo. Ntchito yake ndikudzibisa, kuti asamawonekere pakati pa malowa.
Amuna amakhala ofiira kwambiri kuposa amaso
Mitundu ya hazel grouse
Kufotokozera kwa hazel grouse zimadalira mtundu wa mbalame. Oyang'anira mbalame awerenga mitundu 14 ya ngwazi za nkhaniyi. Ambiri ndi awa:
1. Mwachizolowezi. Yemwe mafotokozedwe ake amatuluka akapempha "hazel grouse". Nthawi zina mitunduyi imakhala ku Siberia. Chifukwa chake dzina lachiwiri - Siberia. Komabe, unyinji wa anthu adakhazikika Kumpoto kwa Europe.
2. Kolala. Uwu ndi mtundu waku North America womwe umakhala m'nkhalango zam'mapiri zam'mbali mwa nyanja. Mbalame zimasiyanitsidwa ndi msana wofiirira komanso mimba yachikaso. Mitundu ya nthenga ndi yayikulu kwambiri pakati pa hazel grouse, yolemera magalamu 800.
Mu chithunzi kolala ya hazel grouse
3. Severtsov. Amagawidwa kumwera chakum'mawa kwa PRC komanso ku Tibet. Malingaliro adatsegulidwa m'zaka za zana la 19. Chingwe cha Severtsov cha hazel chimasiyana ndi chizolowezi m'mapiko akuda.
Zowonjezera, zochepa wamba mitundu ya hazel grouse:
- Amur (gilacorum) wokhala ndi nthenga za ntchentche komanso bulauni wambiri
- Kolyma (kolymensis), momwe metatarsus imakhala ndi nthenga, zala zimfupikitsidwa, mtundu woyera "umatuluka" kuchokera kwa otetezera kupita kumtunda wowonekera
- alpine (syriacus), yomwe ndi yayikulu ndipo imadziwika ndi msana wofiira, goiter
- Altai (sepentrionalis) wokhala ndi bulauni lofiirira kumbuyo komanso m'mphepete mopepuka mwa nthenga zamapewa
- Volga (volgensus) wokhala ndi thupi lakumtunda kofiirira, lodzaza ndi mikwingwirima yoyera
- Polissya (grassmanni), pafupifupi wofanana ndi dera la Volga, koma opepuka
- Central Europe (supestris), wodziwika ndi msana wofiirira komanso mimba yoyera yoyera kumbuyo kwa mbali zofiira
- Sakhalin (yamashinai) wokhala ndi nthenga zosalala ndi khosi loyera loyera, osafikira kumalire owala a pakhosi
- Chijapani (vicinitas), chomwe chimakhala m'mapiri a Hokkaido ndipo chimadziwika ndi pachimake pamitengo yoyera ya nthenga zamapewa
- Ussuri (ussuriensus), amuna omwe amakhala ovuta kwambiri kumbuyo ndipo pafupifupi alibe malo oyera pa nthenga zouluka
- Scandinavia (bonasia), momwe mbali zoyera za mafani amapewa sizikhala zolimba, koma mzere wosweka
Subpecies iliyonse imasiyananso mosiyanasiyana. Owonerera mbalame amatcha kusinthaku kwakanthawi. Mwanjira ina, palibe malire amitundu mitundu. Mtundu umodzi umasefukira mwa winayo. Nthawi yomweyo, pali mitundu ina. Kotero, kukula kwa hazel grouse pang'onopang'ono imakula kuchokera kummawa mpaka kumadzulo, ndipo utoto umakhala wakuda.
Moyo wa mbalame ndi malo okhala
Grouse - nyengo yozizira mbalame... Mbalamezo zimasiyanitsidwanso chifukwa chokhazikika posankha bwenzi. Maanja amapangidwa kamodzi kwatha. Imfa ya mnzake imadziwika ndikulira chaka chilichonse. Kenako amasankhidwa awiri atsopano. Ngati mkazi amene waikira mazira wamwalira, yaimuna imapitirizabe kusamalira anawo.
Loners amakhala kutali ndi maukwati ena a hazel. Anthu apabanja amakhala awiri kapena ndi anapiye. Mbalamezi zimadyera padera, koma zimasambira limodzi. M'malo mwa madzi - mchenga. Imagwetsa tiziromboti ndi dothi kuchokera ku nthenga. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zonse pamakhala malo okutidwa ndi mchenga pafupi ndi chisa cha hazel grouse.
Atatsalira kuti azigwiritsa ntchito nthawi yozizira kunyumba, ma hazel grouses adabisala m'misewu ya chipale chofewa. Kuthawira pamtunda wa masentimita makumi awiri ndikokwanira kuti mukhale otentha, otetezedwa ku mphepo komanso obisika kwa adani.
Nyengo isanafike kuzizira, nthenga zimakula m'mitengo ya hazel ndipo zotulukazo zimawoneka pamapazi awo. Amathandiza mbalame kuti zisaterereke.
Pokhala amanyazi, maukwati azungu amauluka mwamantha, "akuwona" ngozi. Atadzuka mamitala 3-5, mbalamezi zimakhazikika patsinde la mtengo wapafupi, kubisala pamutu pake. Ngakhale asaka odziwa zambiri sazindikira nthawi zonse mbalame yomwe yabisala pamenepo.
M'nyengo yozizira, ma hazel grouses amatha kugona usiku m'chipale chofewa
Popeza kuti hazel grouse imafuna mitengo yogona, ndiye kuti mbalameyi imakhazikika m'nkhalango, posankha osamva, osakanikirana. Mbalamezi zimasankha malo okhala ndi nthambi zowirira. Windbreak imasankhidwa.
Mmenemo, ma hazel grouse amabisala ndikumanga zisa. Amafuna madzi akumwa, motero mbalame zimasankha madera omwe ali pafupi ndi mitsinje ing'onoing'ono, kapena mitsinje yodzaza madzi.
Mwa mitundu ya mitengo, ma hazel grouse amakonda spruce. Ayenera kukhala ambiri. Birch, alder ndi aspen amasankhidwa ngati inclusions mu coniferous massif.
Pokhala ngati nkhuku, ngwazi ya nkhaniyi imakonda kuyenda pansi. Mwina kusakonda thambo ndiko yankho la funso, hazel grouse yomwe mbalame imasamukira kapena ayi... Ndi chifukwa cha zovuta zakukweza m'mlengalenga pomwe nthenga imachita phokoso, kuopseza aliyense mozungulira. Nthawi yonseyi hazel grouse ndiyokhazikika.
Kulira mluzu kumamveka mchaka chokha, munyengo yokhwima. Hazel grouse wosakhwima, wosakhwima.
Mverani mawu a hazel grouse
Grouse imawuluka movutikira chifukwa cha thupi lake lalikulu ndikufupikitsa mapiko. Nthenga imakhala ikumasuka pansi, ikutha msanga. Miyendo yamphamvu, yamphamvu imakupatsani mwayi wothamanga. Pa iwo, ma hazel grouses amaphimba makilomita. Mbalame imatha kuuluka pafupifupi 300-400 metres.
Ndizovuta kuti ma grouse a hazel achoke, koma amathamanga bwino
Nthawi zambiri, nthenga imangokhala pakukwera nthambi yanthambi yolunjika. Kumeneko hazel grouse imathera tsikulo. Ndi nthawi yopuma. Mbalameyi imadyetsa m'mawa kapena madzulo.
Zakudya za grouse
Chakudya cha hazel grouse chimadalira nyengo. M'chilimwe, mbalame zimadya zakudya zomanga thupi, kudya kafadala, nyerere, akangaude, slugs. M'nyengo yozizira, mbalame zimasinthira pazakudya zopangidwa ndi mbewu. Iyeneranso nthawi yachilimwe. Komabe, m'nyengo yotentha, zakudya zazomera zimangokhala 40% yazakudya zokha.
Kuchokera pachakudya chazomera, ma hazel grouses amazindikira zipatso, mbewu ndi amadyera. M'mbali mwake mwa mlomo mumathandiza kuthyola mphukira. Amadula masamba ndi zipatso.
Kumeza chakudya chonse, ma grazel hazel amafunika pogaya chakudya chodyedwa m'mimba. Pachifukwa ichi, mbalame zimameza miyala yaying'ono. Pophwanya chakudya m'mimba, amatuluka ndi ndowe. Amakonda miyala ya laimu. Iwo amasungunuka pang'ono, kukhutitsa thupi ndi calcium. Amathandizira kuphwanya chakudya ndi mbewu za mafupa, chiuno chonyamuka, ndi mankhusu amitengo ya paini.
Zakudya zachisanu za hazel grouse ndizopanda thanzi. Pofika masika, mbalameyo imayamba kuchepa thupi. Izi zili choncho ngakhale kuti nyengo yozizira kuchuluka komwe kumadyedwa patsiku kumakhala kopitilira 2-3 kuposa gawo lachilimwe.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Kupumula mumitengo, zisa za hazel grouse zimamanga pansi, zimabisala mulu wa nkhuni zakufa, pakati pa mizu, m'tchire. Kumeneko amakumba zothimbirira m'nthaka ndipo alinso ndi udzu ndi masamba. Mkazi amakhala mazira 5-7 kwa masiku 20-22. Wamwamuna panthawiyi amalondera katundu wa awiriwa ndikubweretsa chakudya kwa wokondedwa wake.
Atauma atabereka, anapiyewo aswedwa ndi mayi padzuwa. M'mazira ake, ma hazel grouses amakula, monga akunenera, modumphadumpha. Ali ndi zaka mwezi umodzi, achinyamata amawuluka, ndipo pa 2 amakhala odziyimira pawokha, kusiya makolo awo.
Grouse chisa ndi zowalamulira
Pofika chaka chimodzi, anapiyewo amakhala atakhwima kugonana. Kwa zaka 8-10 za moyo, mbalame zimakhala ndi nthawi yokuikira mazira kasanu ndi kamodzi. Ali mu ukapolo, ma hazel grouses amakhala zaka zochepa kuposa malo awo achilengedwe.
