Ali pachiwopsezo poyimba. Nyengo yokwatirana landrail amayimba motakasika mtima kotero kuti dziko lomuzungulira silimva. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mbalameyi ikhale yogwirizana ndi grouse. Wotsirizirayu adatchulidwanso chifukwa chakugontha pakadali pano.
Kuyimba kwa chimanga, monga grouse yamatabwa, sikungokopa azimayi okha, komanso osaka. Amagwiritsa ntchito mbalame zogontha kwakanthawi, zimawayandikira patali kwambiri komanso pafupi. Ornithologists amayandikira kokha kuti aphunzire za chimanga.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a chimanga
Crake - mbalame gulu lanyumba ngati ya kireni. Agiriki akale adayika mtunduwo ngati zinziri. Komabe, ndi za nkhuku. Banja la zinziri amatchedwa Partridge. Achibale a chimanga ndi sultanka, chimbudzi, abusa a uek ndi madzi, moorhen wamba.
Makhalidwe a chimanga ndi:
- kulemera mkati 100-200 magalamu
- kutalika kwa thupi kuyambira 20 mpaka 25 sentimita
- pafupifupi mapiko a 46 cm
- wandiweyani, wokulirapo, wolumikizana pang'ono pambuyo pake
- khosi lalitali komanso lowongoka
- kuzungulira, mutu wawung'ono
- mchira waufupi wokhala ndi mzere wolunjika kumapeto
- mapiko ozungulira a kutalika kwapakatikati
- mlomo wamfupi, wosongoka komanso wopindika pang'ono
- wandiweyani, nthenga zachikaso zofiirira zokhala ndi mawanga akuda m'khosi ndi kumbuyo kwa mbalameyo
- yamphamvu, miyendo yayifupi yama cranes yokhala ndi zikhadabo zazitali komanso zakuthwa
- mawu achiwerewere, omwe chimanga chamtundu chimatchedwanso kupopera
- imvi yotupa mwa amuna ndi yofiira mu akazi
Mkazi kumanzere ndi chimanga chachimuna
Kuphatikiza pa mtundu wa goiter, amuna ndi akazi achimanga ndiosazindikirika mtundu. Kukula kwa oimira amuna ndi akazi osiyanasiyana ndi chimodzimodzi.
Mitundu ya chimanga
Kufotokozera za crake musakhale ofanana nthawi zonse. Ma nuances amatengera mtundu wa mbalame. Inde wawo:
- Crake wamba. Yaikulu kwambiri. Munthu aliyense amafika masentimita 30 m'litali. Mapiko amatha kukhala masentimita 54. Chiwerengero cha mitunduyi sichitha kuwonongeka, koma poyerekeza ndi chimanga cha ku Africa.
- Chiwombankhanga cha ku Africa. Ndi yaying'ono kuposa masiku onse, imalemera kuposa magalamu 140, ndipo siyopitilira masentimita 23 m'litali. Mbalameyi ndi yochuluka, osati m'Buku Lofiira.
Chiwombankhanga cha ku Africa
Mitundu yonse iwiri ya chimanga chimawoneka pakati pa mbalame zoweta chifukwa chaziphatikizi zawo zam'madzi. Ngwazi za nkhaniyi zimakhutira ndi madambo akuluakulu.
Crake moyo
Njira yamoyo wa chimanga chimadalira mtundu wawo. Mbalame wamba zimakonda malo owuma ndi udzu wamtali. Ma corncrakes aku Africa amasankha masamba otsika komanso madera ambiri achinyezi. Kuphatikiza apo, nthumwi za mitunduyi ndizobisalira pang'ono kuposa mbalame wamba. Zina mwazamoyo wamtunduwu ndizofanana:
- chimanga chonse chimauluka monyinyirika komanso mopanda chidwi, osagwedeza miyendo yawo pothawa, yomwe imangoyenda mlengalenga
- Mbalame zamtunduwu zimatha kuyenda mtunda wautali wapansi, zomwe zimafotokozera kukula, kulimba kwa miyendo ya mbalame
- mbalame za chimanga wokangalika usiku, kupumula masana
- oimira mitunduyo amayimba, akukweza mutu wawo pamwamba paudzu ndipo nthawi zambiri amatembenuza khosi lawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kudziwa komwe nyama ili ndi mawu ake
- mpaka maulendo 300 motsatira anamva sound, yamawo fuula "crack-crack-crack", zomwe zikufanana ndi "nyimbo" zopangidwa pogwira ndodo yamatabwa m'mano a chisa
- Oimira mitunduyo amalankhula mokweza, kulira kwa mbalame kumamveka kuchokera pa kilomita
- pochita mantha, chimanga chimasweka ngati mimbulu
- Kuthamanga msanga paudzu, chimanga chimatha kusintha njira mwadzidzidzi popanda kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa mayendedwe
- chimanga chonse chimasamuka, pomwe wamba amapita ku Europe ndi Africa nthawi yachisanu, ndipo aku Africa amapita kumtunda, kuthawa chilala
- chimanga chimathamanga, ndikupinda makosi awo pansi, zomwe zimawalola kusochera muudzu, koma nthawi ndi nthawi mbalame zimakweza mitu kuti ziwone njira
Crake wamba
Amadziwika ndi chimanga komanso moyo wokhala wekha. Ngakhale paulendo wautali, mbalame sizimaperekezedwa. Njirayo imawerengedwa kotero kuti kuyima pafupipafupi ndikotheka. Kupanda kutero, chimanga chouluka choopsa chimawopsa kuti asafike komwe akupita.
Malo okhala mbalame
Ngakhale chimanga cha chimanga sichimangirizidwa ku dambo, mbalame zimasankha madambo onyowa, achonde. Zambiri mwazi zimabzalidwa, zomwe sizimavutitsa mbalame. M'malo mwake, poyandikira malo olimidwa, chimanga chimapezanso chakudya.
Ku Russia chimanga:
- Nthawi zambiri amalowa m'nkhalango. Mbalamezi zimasankha pakati pake. Kuti agwire chimanga cha chimanga pachithunzichi mungathe, mwachitsanzo, pafupi ndi Krasnoyarsk. Apa, nthumwi za banja la abusa zimapezeka mdera la Kansk, m'zigwa zamitsinje ya Mana ndi Chulym, kumunsi kwenikweni kwa Kizir.
- Kwerani mapiri. Palinso madambo onyowa. Kodi chimanga chimawoneka bwanji Titha kuwona m'mapiri a Sayan. Pali madambo ambiri amtundu wa alpine.
- Kukhazikika mu dambo la kum'mwera kwa taiga lamba. Pali ena, mwachitsanzo, kumadera otsika a Angara.
- Nthawi zina amasankha madontho achisawawa, monga omwe amapezeka ku Buryatia.
Ngati malo omwe chimangapo chimanga chimangokhala ndi malo, mbalame zimapezeka mpaka madigiri 620 kumpoto.
Chakudya cha chimanga
Zakudya za chimanga chimakhala ndi nyama komanso zamasamba. Zomalizazi zimaphatikizira mphukira zazing'ono, mbewu ndi mbewu zomwe zimagwera m'makutu mwawo. Zakudya zanyama, mbalame zimasankha:
- tizilombo
- nkhono ndi slugs
- ziphuphu
- zokonda
- tizilombo
Mndandandawu umayankha molunjika funso, chimanga chimasamukira kapena ayi... Mitundu ya nthenga siokonzeka kusiya chakudya cha nyama. Chimanga chachikulu chodya nyama "sichovuta". Simudzapeza tizilombo ndi mphutsi m'nyengo yozizira. Chifukwa chake muyenera kuwuluka kupita kumadera omwe ali ndi chakudya chochuluka.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Ma corncrakes amafika m'malo obisalira mu Meyi. Pafupifupi milungu iwiri, mbalamezi zimakhala pansi, kenako zimayamba kuberekana. Maanja ali ndi mkazi mmodzi, ndiye kuti, okhulupilika kwa wina ndi mnzake. Milandu yamitala, pomwe amuna nthawi yomweyo amayamba ubale ndi akazi angapo, imachita bwino kwambiri pakati pa chimanga.
Chimanga cha chimanga
Kugonjetsa akazi, amuna:
- kupanga syllable syllable monga kulira kwa achule
- kuvina, kuwonetsa zolemba za lalanje pamapiko
- perekani mphatso zachikazi, mwachitsanzo, udzu ndi miyala
Chisa cha Crake khalani ndi udzu wandiweyani, kukumba dzenje pansi. Mkazi akuchita izi. Zimakhalira chisa ndi moss, mapesi audzu ndi ma sedges. Mbalameyi imaikira mazira 7-12 pa matiresi awa. Nthawi zambiri chimanga chimanga cholumikizira chimodzi pachaka, koma palinso ziwiri.
Crake chisa ndi mazira
Mazirawo amaswa masabata atatu. Anapiye amabadwa a bulauni-imvi, patatha masiku atatu ali okonzeka moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Kukhala wokhulupirika, mayi amasamalira anawo kwa mwezi umodzi. Pofika chaka mbalame zimakhala zitakula, ndipo pofika zaka 7 zimafa.
