Njoka yamiyala yachikasu. Moyo wachikasu komanso malo okhala

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Njoka yayikulu kwambiri ku Europe, ngakhale ili yayikulu kwambiri, imadabwa ndi chisomo chake komanso kuthamanga kwake. Njoka yamiyala yachikasu osati poyizoni, koma wina sanganene kuti kukumana naye kudzakhala kotetezeka.

Chidwi cha reptile nthawi zonse chimakhala chapadera - njoka yayikulu imadabwitsa malingaliro ndikuyambitsa chidwi. Za mimba yachikasu nenani nkhani zambiri ndi zabodza. Ofufuza aku Russia akhala akuphunzira za njoka yaying'onoyo; chidziwitso chodalirika ndikuwunika chikuwonetsedwa muzochita za asayansi.

Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe

Chokwawa chimatchedwa chachikasu kapena njoka yamiyala yachikaso mtundu wowala wa thupi lakumunsi, nthawi zina lalanje. Dzina lake lina ndi Caspian. M'mitundu ina ndi ana ang'onoang'ono, gawo lam'mimba limakhala lotuwa ndi mawanga achikasu.

Gawo lakumtunda la njokayo, likawawonera patali, limakhala locheperako: azitona, imvi-chikasu, njerwa, ofiira-ofiira. Mitundu yambiri imagwirizanitsidwa ndi malo okhala njoka.

Mtundu wa zokwawa ndi chobisika chachilengedwe chomwe chimapatsa mwayi posaka. Chifukwa chake, oimira ngakhale mtundu umodzi wamtundu amasiyana pamitundu yakuwala mpaka yakuda.

Mulingo uliwonse pathupi la njoka uli ndi kachitidwe kakang'ono. Malo owala mkati mwake azunguliridwa ndi nthiti yakuda, chifukwa chake mawonekedwe ake onse amawoneka bwino, m'masiku owoneka bwino amawoneka ngati akuwala ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa. Masikelo ndi osalala, opanda nthiti.

Achinyamata amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi mawanga kumbuyo, omwe ali pafupi kwambiri kotero kuti amalumikizana ndi mikwingwirima yopingasa. Amathamanganso m'mbali mwa thupi.

Njoka imapezeka nthawi zambiri pafupi ndi komwe anthu amakhala, koma amiyendo yachikaso safuna kukumana nawo

Chokwawa chachikulu kwambiri ku Europe chimatha kutalika kwa mita 2.5. Kukula kwachilendo kwa njoka yamiyala yachikaso ndi 1.5 - 2 mita, mchira umatenga gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kutalika konse. Thupi silidutsa m'mimba mwake masentimita 5. Kudera lazilumba za Aegean, njoka zamiyala yachikaso ndizofupikitsa - mpaka mita imodzi.

Njokayo imayendetsa bwino thupi, kusinthasintha komanso chisomo ndizomwe zimayendera. Kutalika kwazimayi ndikotsika kuposa kwamwamuna.

Mutu wa reptile ndiwokulirapo, wokutidwa ndi ma scute, wopepuka pang'ono ndi mawonekedwe amthupi. Nsonga ya kuipanikiza ndi yozungulira. Kuzungulira kwakukulu, kotuluka pang'ono, maso okhala ndi mwana wozungulira, mawanga achikasu. Pakamwa pake pamadzaza ndi mizere ya mano akuthwa kumbuyo.

Yellowbelly - njoka kuchokera kubanja laling'ono. Pafupi ndi achibale ang'ono, iye ndi chimphona chabe. M'mayiko a CIS, amadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwazirombo zazikulu kwambiri. Monga nthumwi zina zooneka kale, njokayo siyaphe.

Kukonzekera kuukira, ma yellowbelly zigzags

Pakati pake, ma belu achikasu nthawi zina amasokonezeka ndi njoka ya Balkan kapena njoka ya buluzi. Njoka ya Balkan ndi yayifupi kwambiri, yokutidwa ndi mawanga akuda kumbuyo ndi m'mimba. Njoka ya buluzi ili ndi mawonekedwe amutu wamtundu wa concave.

Mitundu

Njoka yamtundu wachikasu (Caspian) ndi nthumwi yoyimira mtundu wa Dolichophis (lat.), Ie. njoka yochokera m'banja la omwe adapangidwa kale. Kuphatikiza pa iye, pali mitundu itatu yowonjezera yofanana:

  • Dolichophis jugularis;
  • Dolichophis schmidti - njoka yamiyala yofiira;
  • Dolichophis cypriensis - Njoka yaku Kupro.

Dolichophis jugularis amakhala m'zilumba za Aegean, Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Israel, Kuwait. Mitunduyi imapezeka ku Albania, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Romania. Njokayo imakonda malo otseguka pakati pa mapiri ndi minda.

Nthawi zambiri imakhala pansi, ngakhale imayenda bwino mumitengo. Ntchito yayikulu imawonekera masana. Mutha kuzindikira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi bulauni yakuda bii, pafupifupi yakuda, utoto ndi mizere yofooka kumbuyo. Kutalika kwa njoka wamkulu kumafika 2-2.5 mita.

Dolichophis schmidti ndi njoka yamiyala yofiira, yomwe imadziwika kuti ndi mitundu yosiyana, m'mbuyomu idawonedwa ngati subspecies ya abale achi Caspian. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu kuli mu mtundu wa osati mimba yofiira yokha, komanso kumbuyo kwa mthunzi uwu, maso.

Amakhala makamaka ku Turkey, Armenia, Turkmenistan, Caucasus, Kumpoto kwa Iran, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Dagestan. Njokayi imapezeka m'mbali mwa mitsinje ndi nkhalango zowirira, m'minda ya zipatso, m'malo otsetsereka a mapiri mpaka 1500 m kutalika.

Imabisala m'mabowo a makoswe ngati itazindikira zoopsa, koma imatha kuwukira ndikuponyera mdani, kulumidwa kowawa.

Dolichophis cypriensis - Njoka yaku Kupro imasiyanitsidwa ndi azitona, utoto wofiirira wokhala ndi madontho oyera kumbuyo. Mchira nthawi zonse umakhala wofanana, wopanda zolemba. Amakula mpaka mamita 1-1.15.

Njokayo imakhala m'dera lamapiri, limayenda mokhazikika pamakoma otsetsereka. Dzina la njokayo limasonyeza malo ake.

Aliyense mimba yachikaso pachithunzichi kudziwika ndi mtundu. Ili ndi mawonekedwe ambiri ofanana ndi abale apafupi komanso akutali: masomphenya abwino, kuthamanga kwambiri, kuchitapo kanthu nthawi yomweyo.

Moyo ndi malo okhala

Nzosadabwitsa kuti njoka yamiyala yachikaso imatchedwa Caspian kuti igawane chokwawa pafupifupi m'chigawo chonse cha beseni la Caspian, makamaka zigawo zomwe zimakhala ndi nyengo yotentha. Crimea, Moldova, kumwera kwa Ukraine, Hungary, Romania, zilumba za Kythnos, Karpathos, Ciscaucasia, Stavropol Territory of Russia - kulikonse komwe njokayo imakhazikika m'malo ouma ndi ofunda.

Malo okhala mimba zachikaso - m'zipululu, zipululu, m'nkhalango zochepa ndi minda, madera otsetsereka. Pamalo otsetsereka a mapiri, njokayi imapezeka pamtunda wa mamita 2000 pakati pa miyala komanso m'miyala yamiyala.

Njokayi imapezeka m'mayenje a makoswe, komwe imabisala pangozi ikathamangitsidwa ndi nkhandwe kapena marten. Njokayi imabisala ngakhale m'maenje a mitengo, nthawi zambiri imagwira nyumba za omwe idawakhudza.

Amakwera nthambizo bwino, saopa kutalika, amatha kulumpha pansi kuchokera kunyumba kapena phompho. Pamphepete mwa madamu, njoka imawoneka ikusaka nyama, yomwe nthawi zonse imakhala yambiri m'nkhalango zam'mphepete mwa nyanja.

Mimba zachikaso zimayenda mosavuta pamitengo

Ngati mimba yachikaso idapezeka m'nyumba yosiyidwa kapena pansi pa udzu, ndiye kuti, malo obisika adasankhidwa kuti ayikire mazira. Mwambiri, njokayo siyosankha za malo ake. Mkhalidwe waukulu ndikutentha komanso kupezeka kwa chakudya.

Njokayo imakumbukira bwino malo ake, nthawi zonse imabwerera kwa iwo, ngakhale itayenda mtunda wabwino. Wokwawa saopa phokoso, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amapezeka pafupi ndi anthu, ngakhale kuti safuna kukumana nawo.

Ogwira nkhalango amasaka njoka: mbalame zazikulu, ma martens, nkhandwe. Imfa imagwira mimba yachikaso, nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwakukulu komanso moyo wotseguka. Kukonda kosalekeza munthu kwa iye kumabweretsa chidwi chobwezera.

Galimoto zimaopsezanso kwambiri zokwawa. Wothamangayo sangathe kuyimitsa galimoto ndi mkokomo komanso kuwukira adani.

Zochita zachuma za anthu pang'onopang'ono zimachepetsa malo okhala njoka. Chiwerengerocho chikuchepa, ngakhale mimba yachikasu sichikuwopsezedwa.

Mimba wachikaso umagwira masana. Usiku, zomwe amachita zimafooka. Njoka zimadziwika kuti ndizankhanza, monga umboni wa mboni zambiri. Ngati munthu akuwoneka wowopsa kwa wothamanga, ndiye kuti mimba yachikaso imathamangira pachiwopsezo choyamba.

Imatsegula pakamwa pake, imalira mokweza kwambiri, imakweza mchira wake, kenako imathamangira mdani mwachangu ndikuyesera kuluma m'malo osatetezeka kwambiri. Kuukira kungathe kubwerezedwa kangapo, ndikupeza mdani. Ngakhale njokayo siululu, mabala oluma amatha kukhala ovuta kwambiri.

Polimbana ndi nyamayo, yamiyendo yachikasu imameza yang'onoting'ono yathunthu kapena kuyifinya

Khalidwe loipa likuwonetsedwa osati mwa akulu okha, komanso ngakhale nyama zazing'ono. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti, palibe m'modzi yemwe adamwalira ndi ziwopsezo za wothamangayo.

Zingwe zakuda siziopa mdani, wamkulu kukula ndi mphamvu, samabwerera kawirikawiri. Khalidwe lazomwe limayankhula limafotokoza za kutsimikiza mtima komanso kumenya nkhondo kwa njokayo. Mwa nyama, ngakhale akavalo akulu amawopa kukumana ndi njoka - mimba yachikaso imagunda mchira wake pa miyendo ya nyama yopanda pakati, kuvulaza.

Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti kupsa mtima nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa choteteza nyama zokwawa kwa adani omwe adalowa m'dera lawo. Msonkhano wanthawi zonse wamunthu wokhala ndi njoka panjira umatha ndikubwerera mwamtendere m'mimba wachikaso, kupewa anthu.

Njokayo, monga njoka zambiri, nthawi zambiri imasungidwa. Zokwawa zimakhala zopanda chiyembekezo poyamba. Amayamba kuzolowera pang'onopang'ono, amasiya kukwiya kwawo kale ndipo samabweretsa chiopsezo chilichonse.

Njoka zamiyala yakuda zimakonzekera nyengo yozizira mosamala kwambiri. Mahema amapangidwa m'malo okhala padziko lapansi, m'mabowo a makoswe. Zokwawa zingapo zitha kukhala pamalo amodzi.

Mitundu ya njoka zachikasu sizachilendo, ngakhale zaka zana zapitazo njoka zinali zochulukirapo.

Zakudya zabwino

Njokayo ndi mlenje wabwino kwambiri, yemwe mphamvu zake zimachitika nthawi yomweyo, kuthamanga kwa kuyenda, kuwona kwamaso. Kufunafuna nyama mwamphamvu sikungapatse mpata ngakhale abuluzi ang'onoting'ono, makoswe opunduka, omwe mimba yachikaso imatha kuchokera kubowo lililonse.

Kukula kwakukulu kwa njoka kumapangitsa kuti izitha kudyetsa osati zamoyo zochepa zokha, komanso kuti idye nyama zazikulu, ma hamster, mbalame zapansi, ndi njoka zina. Nthawi zambiri, chakudya chimakhala ndi tizirombo tambiri monga dzombe, mazira ochokera ku zisa za mbalame zowonongedwa, mbewa za m'nkhalango, achule, ndi zikopa.

Pakusaka, njoka yamiyala yachikaso imakwera mitengo yayitali, mozemba pakati pa nthambi, ndipo imatha kudumpha pansi kuti igwire nyama. Kulumidwa kwa njoka zaululu monga njoka, yomwe njokayo sichinyoza, sikuipweteketsa kwenikweni.

Pofunafuna chakudya, Yellowbelly amagwiritsa ntchito machenjerero a kudikirira. Chiwonetserochi sichimawonekera pakulumidwa ndi njoka, koma pofinyira wovulalayo wamkulu ndi mphete za thupi mpaka atalephera kwathunthu.

Mimba wachikaso umangomezera nyama yonse yaying'ono. Sikovuta kuti wothamangayo agwire nyama yomwe yathawa. Kuthamanga kwachikasu pakutsata sikusiya mwayi kwa aliyense.

Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo

Mwachilengedwe, moyo wa njoka yachikasu imakhala zaka 6-8. Osati zokwawa zonse zimafikira msinkhu uwu - moyo wa njoka uli wodzaza ndi zoopsa komanso zokumana nazo zosayembekezereka ndi adani, chachikulu chomwe ndi munthu.

Njokayo sachita mantha ndi phokoso, koma imakonda chisa m'malo obisika

Otsutsa achilengedwe mwachilengedwe ndi mbalame zodya nyama, nkhandwe ndi marten. Njoka yamiyala yachikasu ndimakonda kwambiri kwa iwo. Mu ukapolo, moyo ndi wautali, mpaka zaka 10, chifukwa palibe chifukwa choopera adani, chisamaliro choyenera ndi kudyetsa zimaperekanso zotsatira zabwino.

Ali ndi zaka 3-4, kukula kwakugonana kwa zokwawa za Carpathian kumadza, nthawi yakwana yofunafuna awiri abwino. Kuyanjana kwa anthu kumayambira kumapeto kwa Epulo - koyambirira kwa Meyi. M'nyengo yokwatirana, njoka zimawoneka limodzi.

Kukhala tcheru kwa zokwawa panthawiyi kumafooka, nthawi zambiri kumakhala ozunzidwa. Kwa iwo omwe adapulumuka, pali nthawi yokwanira kudikirira kuti ana akule mwachangu nyengo yoyamba kuzizira isanafike.

Akazi amaikira pafupifupi mazira 5-16 mu Juni - koyambirira kwa Julayi. Mbewu za anthu 18 sizachilendo. Mazira amabisika m'mapanga kapena m'malo obisalamo nthaka, obisika pakati pa miyala, koma satetezedwa ndi njoka.

Makulitsidwe amatha pafupifupi masiku 60. Njoka zazing'ono zazingwe zachikulire zimakula mwachangu zitangotuluka ndikukhala moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Makolo samadera nkhaŵa ana awo. Mwachilengedwe, kuchuluka kwa matumbo achikasu kotetezedwa mwachilengedwe.

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