Zomwe zimakhudzana ndi akambuku, koma kwa nthawi yayitali akatswiri oyang'anira zinyama adaziwona ngati panther. Ndi za kambuku wa chisanu. Dzina lake lapakati ndi irbis. M'madera okwera ozizira, ndiye yekhayo woyimira nthendayi. Kuyang'ana ena mwanjira zenizeni kuchokera kumwamba, nyalugwe ndi chizindikiro cha mphamvu komanso ulemu.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a kambuku wa chisanu
Kunja Chipale cha Chipale - nyalugwe wa squat wokhala ndi ubweya wautali, woyera. Ali ndi masentimita 6, yomwe ndi mbiri pakati pa felines. Mchira wa kambuku wa chisanu ndi wautali makamaka. Zina mwa mphaka ndizo:
- kutha kuyeretsa komanso kusowa kothekera kokulira ngati amphaka ena akulu
- kutalika kwa thupi kuchokera pa 200 mpaka 230 sentimita, poganizira mchira wa mita
- kulemera kwa makilogalamu 25 mpaka 75, pomwe malire apamwamba ndi a amuna, komanso zosowa zazimayi
- Kutalika kwa 60 cm kumafota
- makutu ang'onoang'ono, ozungulira opanda maburashi kumapeto
- zolemba zazikulu zakuda ndi zakuda zokhala ndi masentimita pafupifupi 7 amtundu wa mphetezo pathupi
- mawanga akuda olimba pamaso ndi pamiyendo
- ziyangoyango zopukutira ubweya kuteteza mphaka ku chisanu m'mapiri achisanu
- maso obiriwira achikasu ndi mwana wakuda wakuda
- kuphatikiza kwa virissae wakuda pamaso ndi yoyera
- Mano 30
Akatswiri a zoologist amatcha akambuku a chipale chofewa mphaka wamba, popeza theka la zizolowezi zolusa zimatengedwa kuchokera kuzing'ono, ndipo theka linalo kuchokera ku baleen wamkulu. Otsatirawa amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe pamutu, mwana wozungulira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kholingo likhale lolira.
Kambuku kamasowa chakumapeto, ndipo chimakhala choyipa cha baleen yaying'ono yokhala ndi mwana wowongoka.
Wotchedwa sing'anga, kukula kwake kwa kambuku wa chisanu ndikofanana ndi mphaka wamkulu. Komabe, kambuku wamphongo wamphongo wosatha uja ankasiyananso ndi kukula kwake. Ngakhale inali yayikulu, inali ya amphaka ang'onoang'ono.
Miyendo ikuluikulu ya kambuku amatulutsa zokoka zabwino mukamayenda m'mapiri
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Dzina lachiwiri la mitunduyo limachokera ku "irbiz" ya ku Turkic. Kutanthauzira - "snow cat". Dzinalo lilinso ndi chiganizo "chipale chofewa". Khalidwe limasonyeza malo a kambuku wa chisanu. Akusankha:
- Malo okwera, okwera pamwamba pamadzi mpaka 2-6 zikwi mita.
- Nkhalango za Coniferous pamalo okwera komanso zitsamba zazitsamba, mwachitsanzo, rhododendron pansi pa "denga la dziko lapansi".
- Nthawi zina kambuku wa chisanu amakhala m'zipululu za kumapiri.
Malo oyenera kambuku wa chisanu ali ku Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China, Tibet, Kyrgyzstan, India. Ipezeka kambuku wa chisanu chanyama komanso ku Afghanistan, Pakistan. Ku Russia, nyamayi imapezeka m'mapiri a Krasnoyarsk ndi Altai Territories, Tuva.
Khalidwe la kambuku wa chisanu ndi awa:
- Madera. Pali makilomita mazana angapo pamwamuna. Katunduyu ndiwotalikirapo kuposa mulifupi. Amuna amalola akazi 3-4 kulowa m'gawo lake, koma amakumana nawo kuti akwatirane.
- Chinsinsi. Pakati pa amphaka, irbis ndiye yoopsa kwambiri, yolondola, monga nthiti imamva ndikumununkhiza munthu kwamakilomita makumi.
- Yolowera. Kambuku ali ndi njira yotsimikizika yodutsira katundu. Chilombocho sichisintha njira yake. Izi ntchito ya anthu osaka nyama, kupeza njira za chilombo.
- Moyo wamadzulo. Masana, nyalugwe amapuma m'dzenje, kapena pakati pa nthambi. Mphaka amakonzekeretsa "nyumba" m'ming'alu yamiyala. Nyalugwe amayenda kamodzi zaka 3-5 zilizonse.
Poyenda m'mapiri, kambuku wa chipale chofewa amakakamizika kudumpha pakati pa miyala, kudumphadumpha. "Pakuthawa" chilombocho chimayendetsa mchira wake wosakhazikika.
Mchira wa kambuku umathandiza kuti usamawonongeke
Mitundu ya akambuku a chipale chofewa
Ripoti la 2017 la gulu lapadziko lonse la ofufuza limalankhula za magawo atatu a kambuku wa chisanu. Amadziwika ndi matupi athu a nyama. Ndowe za amphaka zidasanthulidwa. Zamoyozi zinasonkhanitsidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Ku China, mwachitsanzo, ndowe za akambuku a chisanu adazisonkhanitsa m'zigawo 21.
Chilengedwechi chinalola asayansi kuchita:
- polymerase chain reaction (PCR) yomwe cholinga chake ndi kubwereza zidutswa zazifupi zazimuna (poyamba amayang'ana 7, kenako adakulitsa ma microsatellites 33)
- kusanja kwa zidutswa za DNA ya mitochondrial
Kuwunika kwachiwiri sikunadziwe zambiri. PCR, komabe, idagawa akambukuwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Zimasiyana osati zachibadwa zokha, komanso mawonekedwe ndi utoto wawo. Kutanthauzidwa:
- Zigawo zapakati. Kukula kwapakatikati ndimakakala amakala.
- Nyalugwe wakumwera wachisanu. Malo akuluakulu komanso akuda kwambiri.
- Nyalugwe wakumpoto wachisanu. Wamng'ono kuposa ena. Zipsera pa thupi la nyama ndi zotuwa.
Mwakuthupi, amphaka amasiyana, mwachitsanzo, mutu. Snow Leopard waku RussiaMwachitsanzo, zimachitika ndi zaukhondo kapena, m'malo mwake, ndi chigaza chachikulu. Otsatirawa ndi akambuku a chipale chofewa aku Altai Territory.
Chakudya cha kambuku wachipale chofewa
Kambuku wachisanu pachithunzichi nthawi zambiri amapereka ndi nyama yolingana ndi mphaka kapena yokulirapo. Ichi ndi chodziwika bwino cha kambuku wa chisanu - amasankha otsutsa kwambiri. Mndandanda wazakudya umaphatikizapo:
- argali, nguluwe zakutchire, agwape, agwape, mbuzi zam'mapiri ndi zina zambiri
- ziweto mu njala, pomwe akambuku amakakamizidwa kupita kumidzi
- hares, makoswe ndi mbalame ngati chotupitsa
Kutenga nyama chimbudzi (kambuku wa chisanu) amachita kudumpha kwa mita 6. Uku ndikuthamangitsa ngati kuli kofunikira. Mdani wobisalira amasaka. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zina chidwi chimodzi chokha kwa wozunzidwayo chimakhala chokwanira.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Za kambuku wa chisanu zochepa "zimamveka", koma pakutha nyengo yozizira nyamazo zimakhala zolimbikira. Nthawi yoswana imayamba. Akazi amakonzekera mapanga oberekera. Amabereka ana m'mimba masiku 110. Pambuyo pake timabereka ana 2-5. Ali:
- Kutalika kwa 30 cm
- kulemera pafupifupi theka la kilogalamu
- khungu
- osathandiza mpaka mwezi umodzi
Amphaka akakhala ndi mwezi umodzi ndi theka, mayiyo amayamba kudyetsa anawo ndi nyama. Mofananamo, ana obadwa kumene amapitiliza kumwa mkaka wa m'mawere, kuyamwa kuyamwa atakwanitsa miyezi 6.
Abambo sachita nawo kulera ana. Maluso amoyo amapatsira amphaka achichepere ndi mayi, akukhala ndi mwana pafupifupi zaka ziwiri. Chifukwa chake, akambuku achikazi amakhala ndi tiana kamodzi pa miyezi 24 iliyonse.
Achinyamata A Chipale Chofewa
Alonda a Chipale Chofewa
Ingwe yachisanu mu Red Book... Mitunduyi ikuphatikizidwa ndi mtundu wapadziko lonse lapansi. Kulibe malo padziko lapansi kumene anthu okhala ndi anyalugwe ambiri amakhala ambiri.
Kusaka anyalugwe a chipale chofewa ndikoletsedwa kulikonse, chifukwa chakhala chifukwa chachikulu cha amphaka ochepa. Iwo anawomberedwa chifukwa cha ubweya wamtengo wapatali. Iye anali wojambula mu mafashoni mdziko la 19th ndi 20th century. M'zaka za zana la 21, zikopa za akambuku a chipale chofewa zimaperekedwa kumsika ndi osaka nyama. Zogulitsa zawo zimapezeka m'misika:
- Mongolia.
- China.
- Thailand.
Kuphatikiza pa opha nyama mosavomerezeka, akambuku "amasokonezedwa":
- kuchepetsa chakudya, ndiye kuti, kuchuluka kwa osatulutsidwa
- chisokonezo cha nyama chifukwa chachitukuko chaminda yawo ndi anthu
- chitukuko cha zokopa alendo
Ndi akambuku angati achisanu omwe atsala? Padziko lonse lapansi - pafupifupi anthu zikwi zitatu. Nzosadabwitsa kuti kambuku wa chisanu "adayikidwa" patsamba lofiira la Red Book. Umu ndi momwe zamoyozo zatsala pang'ono kutha. Masamba akuda amafotokoza zakusowa kale. Nyama, kuchuluka kwake kukuchepera, koma osatsutsa, amadziwika ndi chikasu.
Akambuku okwera 150 okha ku Russia amakhala. Mwachitsanzo, kudera lonse la Krasnoyarsk, anthu 20 okha ndi omwe adawerengedwa. Amakhala kumalo osungira zachilengedwe a Sayano-Shushensky ndi Ergaki.
