Dera la Siberia likuwoneka modabwitsa - 77% yamayiko aku Russia. Makamaka kusiyanitsa zigawo za Kumadzulo ndi Kum'mawa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe komanso nyama zolemera.
Mbalame za ku Siberia akuyimiridwa ndi mitundu yoposa mazana awiri. Izi ndi mbalame zakumwera zomwe zidalowera chakumpoto, okhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja, mbalame zam'madzi zam'mapiri, mapiri. Mayina a mbalame ku Siberia mndandandawo utenga masamba opitilira limodzi amalemba. Pakati pawo pali mbalame zambiri, zomwe zimadziwika m'madera ena, koma pali oimira ochepa omwe sangapezeke kwina kulikonse padziko lapansi.
Mbalame za taiga
Moyo wa mbalame umagawidwa mosagwirizana m'malo ambiri am'mapiri a taiga. Mbalame zambiri zimakhala pafupi ndi nyanja ndi zigwa. M'nkhalangoyi mumakhala chakudya komanso malo okhala anthu. Ngakhale nyengo za taiga ndizovuta, mphepo imatha kutetezedwa pano. Chifukwa chovundikira chisanu, ambiri mbalame zamtchire ku Siberia pezani pothawira nyengo yozizira komanso adani achilengedwe.
Mbalame za ku Siberia m'nyengo yozizira osapanga maulendo apandege, ngakhale kusuntha kwakanthawi kumachitika. Dziko lapadera la avian la taiga silinakhudzidwe kwambiri ndi anthu kuposa, mwachitsanzo, dongosolo la zinyama. Mbalame zimakhudzidwa ndi moto wamnkhalango zomwe zimasintha malo.
Kukhazikika kwa mitundu ina kumachitika: kupititsa patsogolo anthu okhala m'nkhalango, kukopa kwa anthu odutsa m'malo obiriwira omwe amapezeka m'malo otenthedwa. Mbalame zodziwika bwino za taiga zimaimiridwa ndi banja la grouse. Amadyera pansi, mitengo, tchire ndikubzala chakudya. Amangokhala.
Wood grouse
Ku Siberia, mitundu 4 yamitengo yamitengo imakhala, yosiyana mitundu yakuda ndi yoyera. Pali kusiyanasiyana kwakanthawi kwamunthu m'malire amitundu yawo. Amapezeka m'nkhalango zosakanikirana, koma amakonda dziko la mitengo ya mkungudza ndi mkungudza, yomwe ndi chakudya chambiri nthawi yachisanu. Moyo wokhala chete nthawi zina umasinthana ndi kusamuka kwa chilimwe kufunafuna miyala. Kumeza miyala yaying'ono ndikofunika kuphwanya chakudya m'mimba.
Mbalameyi ndi yayikulu komanso yochenjera, nthawi zonse imakhala yosaka malonda. Kulemera kwa munthu kuchokera makilogalamu 2 mpaka 5, palinso zitsanzo zokulirapo. Amuna ndi akulu kuposa akazi. Masana amadyetsa singano, masamba, mphukira zazing'ono zazomera, usiku amagona m'chipale chofewa. Amakhala m'magulu a anthu angapo, koma palinso osungulumwa. Amakhala pafupifupi zaka 10.
Chotengera chachikazi chachikazi
Teterev
Mbalame yofanana ndi nkhuku. Amuna ndi akuda ndi abuluu-violet kulocha, akazi ndi ofiira-oyera-bulauni. Ma grouse akuda ali ndi mchira woboola pakati wokhala ndi zoyera zoyera ndi kalirole wamapiko oyera.
Iwo amakhala osati mu taiga komanso mu zone nkhalango steppe. Amapezeka m'nkhalango zowoneka bwino komanso zopanda mitengo. Gulu limadyetsa pafupi ndi madera okhala anthu, m'malo ophulika, malo owotcha, zimauluka usiku wonse kupita kunkhalango zotetezeka.
Gulu
Oimira ang'onoang'ono a banja lakuda lakuda, lolemera mpaka 400 g, kukula kwa nkhunda. Dzinalo limawonetsa mtundu wosiyanasiyana wamiyendo yofiira, imvi, yoyera, yakuda ndi mawanga. Kubisa koteteza kumathandizira kubisala pansi komanso pakati pa mitengo ya m'nkhalango ya taiga. Grouse amakonda spruce massifs, kuyandikira kwa madzi ndi miyala yaying'ono.
Mbalame zimakhala pawiri, chikondi chawo kwa wina ndi mnzake chimakula kwambiri. Zimauluka pakati pa mitengo ikuluikulu, zimadutsa m'nkhalango mozemba, mwachangu, koma osakhalitsa. Sangathe kuyima pabwino, amafunikira mtengo wamtengo momwe amabisalira mwaluso - amayang'ana mbali yanthambi, akunjenjemera ndikutambasula pakhosi la tchire ndi mitengo.
Dikusha (wodzichepetsa hazel grouse)
Mbalame yakutali ingasokonezeke mosavuta ndi hazel grouse yofananira, ngakhale grouse yaku Siberia ndi yayikulu, yolemera mpaka 600 g, kutalika kwa thupi ndi mchira - pafupifupi masentimita 40-43. Mofanana ndi achibale ambiri a nkhuku, mapikowo amakhala osalongosoka komanso amafupikitsa, koma grouse yaku Siberia imayenda bwino.
Nkhono zimatetezedwa ku chimfine ndi nthenga komanso pansi. Mtunduwo ndi wakuda mchifuwa wokhala ndi mawanga ndi mizere. Akazi ali ndi utoto wofiyira.
Dikusha ndi wokhala mobisa m'mbali zamiyala ya nkhalango, osawoneka bwino panthambi zamitengo. Mbalameyi imadziwika chifukwa chokhala chete komanso kusakhulupirika kwa anthu, omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi alenje omwe amawononga ana onse.
Pachifukwa ichi, grouse yaku Siberia idatchedwa yodzichepetsa kapena mwala. Pokhala paliponse, zinali pafupi kuwonongedwa kwathunthu. Mbalameyi inalembedwa mu Red Book.
Cuckoo
Amagawidwa kwambiri kudera lonse la nkhalango. Kutalika kwa thupi la mbalameyo ndi masentimita 23-34, kulemera kwa munthuyo ndi pafupifupi 100-190 g. Mtundu wa nthenga ndi wotuwa kumbuyo, mapiko, mutu. Mimba ndi thorax ndizopepuka, zokhala ndi mikwingwirima yopingasa. Maso ndi achikasu-lalanje. Mbalame yodziwika bwino yosekerera nthawi zina imakhala syllable "cuckoo", komanso nthawi yayitali panthawi yachisangalalo champhamvu.
Mverani mawu amphaka
Cuckoo imapewa nkhalango zowirira mosalekeza, posankha zina zosakanikirana kapena zoyipa. Kukhazikika m'minda yambiri, m'nkhalango zam'mphepete mwa mitsinje, momwe mumakhalira zisa za mbalame.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti nkhaka yamphongo yamphongo
Woodcock
Sandpiper yayikulu, yolemera 250-450 g, ndiyodziwika bwino pakamwa yayitali komanso yolimba. Mtundu pamwambapa umachokera ku mawanga ofiira komanso ofiira, ndipo m'munsimu - ndikujambula kozungulira. Mbalame yosamukayi imawonekera mu Marichi ndipo ikatha kubzala ndi kulera ana anapiye imachoka m'mphepete mwa nthawi yophukira.
Zakudya za nkhuku zimachokera ku mbozi, tizilombo, ndi mphutsi. Amagwiritsa ntchito chakudya chamasamba pang'ono. Imasonkhanitsa nyamayo ndi milomo yayitali, pomwe malekezero amitsempha amayenda kulikonse.
Pali mitundu yambiri yopitilira mu taiga, yosiyana kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe ndi moyo. Mbalame za ku Siberia kuyatsa chithunzi tsimikizirani kusiyanasiyana uku.
Kuksha
Wokhala pang'ono m'nkhalango za taiga zopangidwa ndi spruce, mkungudza, fir, larch. M'nyengo yozizira imayendayenda kupita kumalo pafupi ndi midzi. Kutalika kwa mtsukowo ndi 24-30 cm, kulemera kwa 80-90 g. Mutha kuzindikira mbalameyo ndi korona wakuda komanso nthenga zofiira. Msana ndi bulauni-bulauni, pakhosi pamtundu wakuda. Mlomo, miyendo yakuda. Mchira ndiwombedwa.
Mbalameyi imayenda nthawi zonse, imauluka mofulumira komanso mosavuta. Amadyetsa zipatso, amachotsa ma cones, amalanda zisa za anthu ena. Sachita mantha kwambiri ndi munthu, amamulola kuti abwere mkati mwa 2 mita.
Kuksha amadziwika kuti amapirira modabwitsa kwambiri chisanu mpaka 70 ° C - mbalameyi imathawa m'misasa ya agologolo kapena chipale chofewa.
Mtedza (nutcracker)
Dzinalo la mbalame limasonyeza kusuta kwa chakudya chachikulu - mtedza wa paini. Mitengo ikuluikulu ya njere, ma acorn, mtedza amagawidwa m'malo osungira m'malo osiyanasiyana. Izi zimapulumutsa ku njala m'nyengo yachisanu osati mbuye wazinthu zokha, komanso zimakhala zokoma kwa mbewa zakutchire, hares, ngakhale zimbalangondo.
M'nyengo yachilimwe yochepa, mbalame zolimbikira ntchito zimasonkhanitsa mtedza pafupifupi 70,000, omwe amanyamula magawo okwana mpaka 100 mu thumba lapadera la hyoid.
Mbalame yaing'ono yokhala ndi mlomo wautali imalemera magalamu 130-190 okha. Kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 30, kutalika kwa mchira ndi masentimita 10-12. Nthengazo ndi zofiirira ndi mawanga oyera. Mutu ndi yunifolomu yamtundu.
Nutcrackers ndi mbalame zaphokoso. Kuimba malikhweru, kuyimba, kukuwa - chilichonse chikumveka polumikizana ndi mbalamezi. Ku Tomsk, kuli chipilala cha nutcracker, chizindikiro chaching'ono cha Siberia yayikulu.
Mverani kuyimba ndi kukuwa kwa ma nutcrackers
Kutsiriza
Chaffinch ndi yaying'ono kukula, kutalika kwa thupi pafupifupi 15 cm, kufalikira kudera lonse kufikira nkhalango-tundra. Amakonda nkhalango zowuma, zosakanikirana. M'madera akumpoto a Siberia, mbalame zimasiya zisa zawo m'nyengo yozizira, kum'mwera amakhala moyo wongokhala.
Mitengo yamitundu yowala: mutu ndi imvi-buluu, mawanga ofiira ofiira pachifuwa, masaya, mapiko ndi mchira wakuda, chimbalangondo chimakhala chobiriwira. Zinyama zimakhala m'malo oyandikana ndi anthu ambiri, zimapewa chipululu.
Izi zimapangitsa kuti mbalame zizipeza chakudya. Mbewu, njere, zitsamba, tizilombo, tizirombo tomwe timakhala ngati chakudya.
Mbalame zachisanu
Kuzizira si chifukwa chachikulu chomwe mbalamezi zimachokera kwawo. Kuperewera kwa chakudya ndiye chifukwa chachikulu, komanso kwa mbalame zam'madzi - matupi amadzi oundana. Mbalame zachisanu ku Siberia Ndi mbalame zolimba komanso zothamanga zomwe zimadya chilichonse chomwe zapeza.
Wophulika Wamkulu Wopopera Woodpecker
Mtundu wakuda ndi woyera wa mbalame yaying'ono, imalemera pafupifupi 100 g, ndi kapu yofiira imadziwika bwino kwa ambiri. Kugogoda nkhuni chifukwa cha kumenyedwa kwamphamvu kwa mulomo kumawonetsa moyo wokangalika wa nkhwangwa. Mchira wawung'ono wopangidwa ndi nthenga zotanuka umakhala ngati chida chosunthira pa thunthu pofunafuna chakudya. Wogamula mitengo amauluka bwino, koma amakonda kukwera mitengo. Ndi lilime lalitali, amatulutsa pansi pa makungwa a mphutsi zosiyanasiyana ndi tizilombo.
Achibale ena amakhala ku Siberia: woponda matabwa ocheperako, wobiriwira wobiriwira komanso wazitsulo zitatu. Siyanitsani pakati pazinthu zazing'ono zamtundu ndi kapangidwe kake.
Kutulutsa
Mbalame yokhala ndi tuft ku Siberia mosadziwika bwino ndi utoto wake wodabwitsa. Mtundu wa nthenga umakhala wofiirira kwambiri ndi pakhosi lakuda ndi chigoba, zikwangwani zachikaso ndi zoyera pamapiko. M'nyengo yozizira, ntchentche zimayendayenda pofunafuna chakudya. Amadyetsa zipatso zonse, makamaka zipatso za mistletoe.
Kuchuluka kwa mbalame kumapangitsa matumbo kukhuthula chakudya chosagayidwa. Kulemera kwake patsiku kumaposa kulemera kwake kwa mbalame. Waxworms amawerengedwa kuti ndi abwino kugawa mbewu. Nthawi zina ma waxwings amakumana ndi zipatso zopota, pomwe amaledzera, amagwa ndipo nthawi zambiri amafa.
Nuthatches amasiyanitsidwa ndi kukonda kwawo zipatso
Nuthatch
Mbalame yokwanira kukula kwake kwa mpheta. Mutha kuzindikira mbalameyi ndi msana wake wamtambo wabuluu komanso pansi pake moyera, mlomo utali wowongoka komanso mzere wakuda ukudutsa diso.
Dzinalo la mbalame limangosonyeza kuyenda kwake - mtedzawo umafufuza mitengo ikuluikulu kuchokera pansi mpaka pamwamba komanso mosemphanitsa. Mbalame yokhalamo imapezeka m'nkhalango za coniferous, zosakanikirana, zowuma.
Mbalame zolusa
Kusiyanasiyana ndi kukhazikika kwa chakudya kumakopa mbalame zambiri zodyera kudera la Western ndi Eastern Siberia. Amakhala m'nkhalango za taiga komanso m'mapiri komanso m'mapiri. Mbalame zodya nyama ku Siberia Phatikizani mitundu ya mbalame zomwe sizikhala pansi komanso nthumwi zakumwera zosamukira kumadera apakati kuti kuzizira.
Kaiti yakuda
Mbalame yofiirira yapakatikati. Mchira uli ndi "mphako". Imawuluka ndikuzungulira mozungulira pamtunda wa mamitala 100. Mawu a kaiti amakhala ngati trill, nthawi zina amamveka ngati mluzu.
Mverani mawu akayiti wakuda
Zakudya zabwino - polyphage. Sizingathe kulimbana ndi nyamayo chifukwa cha mawoko ofooka. Pakudya makoswe, achule, mbalame zazing'ono, zovunda, zinyalala, nsomba za bakha.
Mphamba
Predator of size size - mapiko kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi 30 cm, kulemera 1.0-1.5 kg. Maso a mbalameyi ndi achikasu lalanje ndipo amapindika kutsogolo, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti awone chinthucho bwino. Kuwona bwino kumakhala kopitilira kasanu ndi kawiri kuposa kwamunthu. Kumva bwino.
Mtundu wa mbalameyi ndimdima wandiweyani kwambiri. Ndidzachepetsa thupi kuti likhale lolira chikasu. Achinyamata amakongoletsedwa ndi mikwingwirima. Kapangidwe ka thupi kamalola kuti nyamazi ziziuluka mosavuta m'nkhalango zowirira. Chiwombankhanga chimakhala ndi mchira wautali, wodulidwa wowongoka, wamapiko afupiafupi. Kutha kuyendetsa, kunyamuka mwachangu, kusinthana, kusiya mwadzidzidzi kumakupatsani mwayi wosaka.
Zakudyazo zimachokera ku mbalame. Nkhunda, pheasants, ma hazel grouses, mawere amakhala nyama. Ntchentche nthawi zina zimasaka nyama zazing'ono ndi tizilombo. Ozunzidwa amadya ndi nthenga, mafupa, ubweya.
Mphungu yagolide
Mbalame yayikulu yokhala ndi mapiko a 2 mita. Mtunduwo ndi monophonic, bulauni, pamutu pa akulu pali "kapu" yakuda. Mchira ndi wautali, wozungulira. Mapazi olimba kwambiri amakhala ndi nthenga mpaka kumapazi. Ikuyenda pamwamba kwambiri. Imayenda ndikuyenda pansi bwino. Mawuwo amafanana ndi kukuwa, koma amatha kutulutsa ma trill okoma.
Mverani mawu a chiwombankhanga chagolide
Imasaka ma hares, gophers, abakha, agwape ndi agwape obadwa kumene. Pali milandu yodziwika yozunza ziweto. Osanyoza zakufa.
Kestrel wamba
Falcon yaying'ono ndi mchira wautali. Mtunduwo ndi wofiira-bulauni. Pofunafuna nyama, "imagwedeza" pamalo amodzi ndi mapiko okwezeka. Amakonda nkhalango, malo otseguka a taiga.
Zakudyazo zimaphatikizapo mbewa ngati mbewa, zokwawa, mbalame zazing'ono. Chilombocho chimathandiza kupha tizirombo taulimi. Amasaka nyama kuti idye makamaka.
Njoka
Nyamayo imakhala ndi mutu "kadzidzi". Mtunduwo umasinthasintha, koma mkati mwake mumakhalabe wowala, pamwamba pake pamakhala mitsinje yambiri yofiirira. Kuuluka kwa mbalame kuli kofanana ndi kwa chiwombankhanga. Amawuluka kwambiri, amakhala m'malo moyang'ana mphepo. Amakhala m'nkhalango zokhala ndi madambo komanso madambo. Mkhalidwe waukulu ndi njoka zambiri ndikutali kuchokera komwe anthu amakhala.
Osprey
Nyama yayikulu ya mitundu iwiri: bulauni pamwamba ndi pansi yoyera. Malo akuda pamutu woyera kupyola diso. Imasaka posungira. Pali zala zamiyala zala zawo zogwirira nsombazo. Pofuna kudya, imathamanga pothawa, nthawi zina kumizidwa m'madzi. Amagwedezeka pa ntchentche. Malo osakira Osprey kuloza kumalo osungira nsomba.
Kwa chirombo, sikofunika kokha kuti pakhale chakudya, komanso kupezeka kwa zomera zazitali, kuzama kwina, kuyera komanso kuthamanga kwamadzi. Conservatism ya kukaikira mazira imapangidwa. Malo amodzi obisalira amagwiritsidwa ntchito zaka 15-18.
Mbalame zam'madzi
Ku Siberia, dera lamadzi limapitilira kukula kwa madera onse aku Europe palimodzi. Nyanja ya Baikal ndi Teletskoye ndi yayikulu kwambiri malinga ndi malo osungira madzi abwino. Ambiri mbalame za ku Western Siberia mbalame zam'madzi. Dziko lawo ladzaza ndi kuyeretsa koyera kwa malo otetezedwa.
Whooper swan
Mbalame yayikulu kwambiri yoyera yoyera. Kulemera kwake mpaka makilogalamu 12-13. Mlomo wakuda wakuda. Amasiyana maso. M'nyumba zokhala ndi anthu osamva, momwe mulibe asodzi. Mbalameyi imasamala kwambiri. Amadyetsa zamoyo zopanda madzi ndi zomera zam'madzi. Sichimera m'madzi kufuna chakudya, koma imangodumphira m'mutu ndi m'khosi. Kusuntha kwakanthawi kwam swans kumakhala kosasintha.
Kuchepa kwa mbalame kumalumikizidwa ndi zinthu zosokoneza, kuwononga malo, kusaka.
Lankhulani ndi swan
Mutha kuzindikira wosalankhula ndi mlomo wake wofiira wokhala ndi kamera kakuda komanso momwe amapindirira mapiko ake ngati nyumba. Khosi lopindika bwino. Kulemera kwa munthu kumakhala pafupifupi 6-14 kg. Mumakhala madzi am'mapiri ndi nkhalango madera a Western Siberia. Amakonda nyanja zamatabwa. Othawa kwawo.
Mphuno yofiira
Kukula kwa mbalame kuli pafupifupi bakha wamkulu. Mwa achibale, imadziwika ndi imvi, osati yakuda kumbuyo. Khosi limakongoletsedwa ndi malo owoneka bwino. Zisa m'matumba ang'onoang'ono amadzi, monga mbalameyo imanyamuka ngati ikudumphira m'madzi.
Ulendowu umathamanga, nthawi zambiri limodzi ndi kulira kwa mbalame. Amadzidalira mlengalenga ndi m'madzi. Amamira pamadzi mpaka mphindi ziwiri. Amakonda madambo. Zakudyazo zimaphatikizapo nsomba, zamoyo zam'madzi zam'madzi. Zimapezeka m'matupi a Siberia kuyambira Epulo mpaka Okutobala.
Dokowe wakuda
Mbalame yolemera pafupifupi 3 kg. Mtunduwo umasiyanitsa - pamwamba pake ndikuda ndi utoto wobiriwira wamkuwa, pansi pake ndi yoyera. Mlomo, miyendo ndi yofiira. Pouluka, dokowe amatambasula khosi lake, ndipo amawombera mapiko ake mozama komanso pang'onopang'ono. Adokowe owopa amatha kuponya chisa ndi mazira ndi anapiye pachiwopsezo.
Amakhala m'dera lamapiri-taiga, pomwe pali madambo komanso nyanja zosaya. Amadyetsa nsomba, zopanda mafupa, molluscs, tizilombo. Monga ena mbalame zosamukira ku Siberia, adokowe amasamuka nthawi yophukira pagulu la anthu 10-15.
Nyemba
Goose wamkulu wokhala ndi mulomo wakuda ndi mzere wa lalanje ndi miyendo. Mawonekedwe a mulomo komanso mawonekedwe amalo a lalanje amasintha kwambiri mwa achinyamata ndi akulu m'malo osiyanasiyana opangira zisa. Mbalame sizimakonda kwambiri madzi, ngakhale zimasambira ndikumira bwino.
Amayenda bwino pansi. Pangozi, samabisala, koma amathawa. Ambiri mbalame za Kum'mawa kwa Siberia, kuphatikizapo tsekwe za nyemba, zimakonda zigwa zazinyontho, mitsinje, nyanja.
Maziko a zakudya ndi chakudya chomera: zipatso, zitsamba. Paulendo wapaulendo, amadyetsedwa m'minda yambewu ndi mpunga.
Mbalame zam'madzi
Pali malo okwanira ku Siberia omwe anthu sangathe kufikako. Madambo okhala ndi matumba obisika ndi amodzi mwa iwo.Malo achilengedwe okhala ndi chinyezi chochulukirapo akhala malo okhala mbalame zingapo zomwe zasintha kukhala malo odabwitsa.
Big bittern
Kukula kwa chakumwa chakumwa. Mbalameyi ndi yofiira-bulauni wamtundu wokhala ndi mizere yambiri, yotenga nthawi komanso yopingasa. Amakhala m'mphepete mwa matope amadzimadzi ndi nkhalango zamabango ndi mabango. Mbalameyi imamanga zisa zawo m'maudzu ataliatali.
Big bittern amadyetsa zamoyo zam'madzi zam'madzi, nsomba, amphibians. Mawu amatha kumveka makilomita 2-3 kutali. Kufuula kwamphamvu kukufanizidwa ndi kubangula kwa ng'ombe. Mbalameyi imamvekera pammero, yomwe imakhala ngati resonator.
Marsh harrier
Kukula kwa mwezi kuli pafupi kufanana ndi khwangwala. Nthenga za mchira, mapiko, mutu ndi imvi, madera ena ndi akuda. Amadyetsa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono. Wokhalamo mchithaphwi amapezeka kuyambira Epulo mpaka Okutobala.
Shawl yayikulu
Kukula kwa mbalame kuli pafupifupi nkhunda, yokulirapo pang'ono. Mtunduwo ndi wofiyira. Wokhala m'matanthwe a Nyanja ya Baikal. Milomo ndi miyendo ndi yayitali, yosinthidwa kuti ikokere m'matumba komanso kuti igwire tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono. Amamanga zisa kuchokera ku zimayambira zakuda ndi zofunda zazitali.
Grane Kireni
Kukula kwa mbalameyi ndikokulirapo kuposa tsekwe. Nthenga za thupi ndi zotuwa, mapiko othawa ndi akuda. Amakhala nthawi yayitali m'malo athaphwi, koma zisa m'malo ouma. Zakudya zosakanikirana pazakudya: Chakudya chazomera chimakhala chachikulu, koma mbalameyi imagwira nsomba ndi nyama zopanda mafupa nthawi yotentha.
Mbalame zomwe zimakhala ku Siberiandizosiyanasiyana kwambiri. Amakhala pafupifupi madera onse am'mlengalenga. Udindo wa mbalame zambiri ndikofunikira kwambiri pakusamalira zachilengedwe.
