Crimea nyama
Malo omwe ali pachilumbachi ndi apadera. Pali madera atatu azanyengo omwe ali ndi kusiyanasiyana kwakukulu: phazi, kotentha kontinenti, kotentha. Kuyandikira kwa madera a Black ndi Azov, mapiri a Crimea, nyanja 50, mitsinje yopitilira 250 yatsimikizira kukula kwa zomera zosowa komanso malo okhala nyama zodziwika bwino, ndiko kuti, akukhala mokhazikika m'malo awa.
Crimea amatchedwa Australia yaying'ono chifukwa choyambirira kwa zinyama mdera laling'ono (pafupifupi 26,000 sq. Km).
M'mbuyomu, pachilumbachi padali akadyamsonga ndi nthiwatiwa. Kusintha kwanyengo kwadzetsa mawonekedwe a mphalapala ndi nkhandwe zozizira. Ngakhale ofufuzawo anena izi dziko la nyama ku Crimea osauka kuposa madera oyandikana nawo, akuwonetsa kusakanikirana modabwitsa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe yazolowera momwe zinthu zilili m'deralo.
Kutha kwa nyama za ku Crimea, malinga ndi akatswiri a zoo, sikungofotokozedwe kokha ndi kusintha kwachilengedwe, komanso ndi zochitika za anthu, kuwonongedwa kosalamulirika kwa nyama zamtchire. Pakadali pano pali magulu akulu asanu azinyama zosiyanasiyana pachilumbachi:
- steppe;
- nkhalango;
- nkhalango yamapiri;
- kumtunda;
- gombe lakumwera.
Masitepe, mapiri ndi nyanja zimapanga malo ophatikizira momwe nyama za Crimea akuyimilidwa ndi nyama zakutchire zamitundu 58, zam'madzi - mitundu 4, zina ichthyofauna zimayimilidwa ndi mitundu 200 ya nsomba, mitundu yoposa 200 ya mbalame, mitundu 14 ya zokwawa. Pali achiaborijini ambiri pakati paomwe akukhalamo, ena ndi alendo odutsa kapena okhazikika patadutsa nthawi yayitali.
Steppe Crimea
Chiweto cha steppes chikuyimiridwa ndi makoswe osiyanasiyana, omwe mbewu zambewu ndi mitundu yambiri yazomera zimavutika.
Gopher wamng'ono
Amakhala m'magulu am'deralo. Kutalika kwa thupi lokulirapo la munthu m'modzi mpaka 250 mm, pafupifupi wachisanu mchira. Kamvekedwe ka khungu, mtundu wobiriwira kumbuyo. Mutuwo ndi wamakona atatu. Amakumba minks ndikubowola mpaka 4 mita kutalika ndi 1.8 mita kuya. Mitundu yambiri imakhala "m'nyumba", pomwe pali "Red Book".
Vole pagulu
Kanyama kakang'ono kakang'ono kamene kamadya zomera zambiri zakutchire ndi zolimidwa. Amakumba mink okhala ndimipata yovuta, zipinda zogona ndi malo osungira.
Hamster wamba
Chinyama chonyamula ndi masaya akulu ndi makutu ang'onoang'ono, kukula kwa khoswe. Mtundu wofiira ndi chovala chofewa chimapangitsa izi kukhala zokongola kunja. Zotupa zing'onozing'ono zakutsogolo zitha kuchita zambiri: kugwirira makutu, kutsuka, kunyamula ana.
Hamster amakonda kukhala yekha. Amalimbana ndi osafunira mozama - amalira, amathamangira mdani wamtundu uliwonse. Kuluma kumakhala kopweteka kwambiri, popeza nyamayo imapangitsa kumenyedwa. Hamster amakhala m'misewu, m'malo amnkhalango, koma nthawi zambiri pamakhala kulakalaka malo okhala anthu.
Jerboa
Kukula kwa nyama kumakhala pafupifupi gologolo. Miyendo yakumbuyo yotchuka yomwe imatalikirapo kanayi kuposa miyendo yakutsogolo. Ngakhale kavalo sangakwanitse kupeza jerboa. Imadumpha 1.5-2 mita kutalika, kutalika kwa kulumpha ndi pafupifupi theka la mita.
Mchira wautali umakhala ngati chiwongolero, ndipo umathandizira kukankha mukadumpha, umachita nawo zodzitetezera, ngati kuli kofunikira. Chifukwa cha kulima kwa nthaka pachilumbachi, pali ma "kangaroo" ocheperako.
Khanda logontha
Ndodo yaying'ono yapansi panthaka, mpaka masentimita 13. Mchira wawufupi ndi wosawoneka. Thupi likuwoneka kuti limasinthidwa kukumba ma tunnel - otalikirana, okhala ndi minofu yolimba kutsogolo.
Palibe makutu, maso ndi otsekemera pang'ono. Miyendo yakutsogolo ili ndi zala 5. Ma incisors akuthwa kutsogolo kwa milomo ndiwodabwitsa. Yogwira usiku. Kuvulaza minda yamasamba.
Steppe mbewa
Nyama yaying'ono yoposa 75 mm kutalika. Mutha kuzindikira mbewa ndi chingwe chakuda chomwe chimayenda mmbali mwa chitunda kuyambira kumutu mpaka kumunsi kwa mchira. Chovala chaubweya ndichimvi chofewa. Akumba maenje osaya kapena amakhala m'malo okhala makoswe ena.
Amathamanga pamtengo wokhala ndi mchira wakwezedwa, womwe umakhala ngati cholembera. Kwera mwangwiro pamalo owoneka bwino, zimayambira, nthambi, mitengo ikuluikulu.
Gologolo
Nyama zidakhala othawa kwawo kuchokera ku Altai kupita ku Crimea. Anakhazikika m'nkhalango, m'mapaki. Snooty, otukuka komanso osungika ndalama, ndi malaya okongola ofiira ofiira.
M'madera amapiri, kukula kwa nyama ndikokulirapo, mpaka 28-30 cm, kuposa malo athyathyathya. Mchira wolimba wa nyama ndi 2/3 wa thupi lonse kutalika. Wapeza tanthauzo lazamalonda.
Makoswe a Crimea sakupikisana chifukwa cha kuchuluka poyerekeza ndi adani olanda. Pakati pa oimira mabanja ambiri, nyama zazikulu ndi zazing'ono zimakhalapo. Mimbulu yayikulu pachilumbachi idathetsedwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900. Kuyesera kutsitsimutsa mtundu wa nkhandwe kupitilirabe mpaka pano.
Steppe ferret
Nyama yonyezimira mpaka 52 cm yayitali ndi thupi lokhalitsa, mchira wawung'ono, mutu wozungulira komanso makutu akulu. Amagawidwa kwambiri kudera la Crimea. Mtundu wa mchenga wokhala ndi miyendo yofiirira, kumapeto kwa mchira, pachifuwa ndi kuyera koyera pamphuno ndi m'makutu. Ferret imakhazikika ngakhale pafupi ndi anthu, m'malo okhala anthu ambiri. Chilombo cholusa kwambiri. Kuweta bwino.
Weasel
Ngakhale ndi yaying'ono, kutalika mpaka 26 cm, komanso mawonekedwe okongola, nyamayo ndi yaukali komanso yankhanza kuzinyama zonse. Kukhetsa mwazi kwa nyama zolusa zazing'ono kuyerekezeredwa ndi kuja kwa nkhandwe. Amphamvu komanso othamanga, kutha kuthamanga mwachangu, kusambira kumapangitsa weasel kukhala mlenje wosayerekezeka.
Mwakuwoneka, chilombocho chikuwoneka ngati ermine, koma mchira wake ulibe burashi. Ntchito ya nyama, yomwe ikufala ku Crimea, imawonetsedwa usana ndi usiku.
Ng'ombezo zikawetedwa, tizilombo ndi makoswe sizimawoneka m'nyumba. Ndi ziweto zina, weasel imayamba msanga, imakhala chiweto chokondana.
Nkhandwe yofiira
Mwa olanda ku Crimea, nkhandwe ndiye nthumwi yayikulu kwambiri - anthu amafika kutalika kwa 70-90 cm, mchira ndi masentimita 50-60. Nyamayo imakhala kulikonse pachilumbachi. Amakhala m'mapanga, amakhala m'mabowo, ming'alu, mabowo. Nkhandwe ndiyo yoyang'anira kuchuluka kwa makoswe. Zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa minda yomwe imachita masewera oswana, hares.
Nyama yamasewera yofunika. Amasiyana pakusamala, mwamantha. Nyama zodwala zokha ndi zomwe zimabwera kwa munthu. Nkhandweyo yatchulidwa mu Red Book of Crimea.
Dziko la Crimea zokwawa umaimira akamba, abuluzi, njoka, njoka. Palibe anthu oopsa. Mkuwa wamkuwa, njoka yamadzi ndi njoka, milozo inayi, njoka zachikaso ndi njoka zimapezeka.
Njoka ya steppe
Wokhayo wokhala ndi poizoni m'chigawo cha Crimea. Njokayo ndi yaying'ono kukula, 55-57 masentimita, amakhala m'zigwa ndi m'mapiri. Chojambula cha zigzag chimakongoletsa thupi la utoto wofiirira.
Malo otsetsereka owuma okhala ndi tchire, m'mphepete mwa zitsime, zigwa ndi malo okhala mphiri. Imabisala pakati pamiyala, m'malo opanda nthaka, mbewa zosiyidwa ndi makoswe. Amakonda kusangalala ndi dzuwa, amasambira bwino.
Mapiri a Crimea
Zinyama za m'mapiri ndi gulu la nthumwi za madera a nkhalango ndi zitsamba. Nyama zakutchire za Crimea Pano akhala akudziwika kuti ndi aborigines pachilumbachi.
Kalulu
Mosiyana ndi anzawo akutali, nzika zakomweko zimakhala ndizinthu zomwe sizimayimira nthumwi za madera ena. Anthu a ku Crimea amasungabe mtundu wawo pafupifupi chaka chonse. Chovala chofiirira padziko lapansi chokhala ndi zofiirira zoyera ndichikhalidwe cha mbadwa zonse.
Chipale chofewa pachilumbachi sichimagwa kawirikawiri, ndipo ngati chipale chofewa sichimatha sabata. Munthawi imeneyi, ma hares alibe nthawi yosintha mawonekedwe awo. Kusaka chinthu.
Chiwerengero cha hares chatsika kwambiri pazaka makumi zapitazi, koma magawidwe ake akuwonekabe kuti ndiofala. Amawonekera makamaka m'malire a nkhalango.
Mwala marten (wamabele oyera)
Nyamayo idalandira dzina lachikondi la ubweya woyera pachifuwa ndi pakhosi. Chisomo, chisomo chakuyenda ndichikhalidwe cha nyama yolusa yaying'ono yomwe siyachilendo kwa zakudya zamasamba (amasangalala ndi hawthorn, mphesa, peyala). Whitebird samakwera mitengo ikuluikulu yamtengo, koma amalowa mozemba m'makola a nkhuku kuti awononge mabanja a mbalame nthawi yomweyo.
Zoipa
Nyamayo yakhazikika m'nkhalango za Crimea. Thupi la mbira liri pafupifupi masentimita 70-90, mchira wake umakhala mpaka masentimita 20. Zikhadabo zamphamvu pamapazi ake zimasonyeza kayendedwe ka zochita zake. Adakumba maenje okhala ndi mipiringidzo yambiri okhala ndi tambirimbiri, timisewu, malo osungiramo katundu, ngodya zonse zili ndi zitsamba.
Mavesi a Badger amatambasula mpaka 20 mita kutalika, ndipo palimodzi amapanga mizinda yonse. Badgers ndi anthu wamba, otanganidwa ndi kukonza kwamuyaya kwa nyumba zawo. Anthu ogwidwa amakhala otanganidwa ndi ntchito zapakhomo zosatha. Salola kuloĊµerera m'dziko lawo lotayirira. Adzakhala ofunitsitsa kulimbana ndi obwera. Zikopa - nyama za Red Book of Crimea.
Galu wa Raccoon
Chilombo chamiyendo yayizizi chidakhazikika pachilumbachi patatha kuyeserera kangapo. Thupi la squat mpaka masentimita 80 kutalika, mchira wonyezimira mpaka masentimita 25. Mphuno yakuthwa yokhala ndi mtundu wa raccoon ngati chigoba, phulusa lammbali m'mbali.
Amakhala m'matanthwe, amakhala m'mabowo a nkhandwe kapena amakhala m'mizu ya mitengo. Galu wa raccoon nthawi zambiri amapezeka kunyanja kukafunafuna chakudya. Nyamayo imawerengedwa kuti ndi yopatsa chidwi, koma amakonda nyama.
Mileme
Ku Crimea, pali mitundu 16 ya mileme. Zochita za zinyama zouluka zimakhala zapamwamba kwambiri usiku. Mapinda achikopa pakati pazala zakumiyendo ndi miyendo yakumbuyo pambali patali pathupi la thupi imakhala ngati mapiko a mbalame.
M'madera otentha a Crimea, mileme imangodya tizilombo tokha chifukwa cha akupanga echolocation. Anthu akulu kwambiri amafika mpaka 10 cm kutalika. Kuthamanga kwa mbewa zodabwitsa izi kumafika 50 km / h.
Kuwongolera thupi kumakupatsani mwayi wouluka molondola mu labyrinth yopapatiza ya phanga osakhudza makoma ndi mapiko. Madera a nkhalango zamapiri ndi malo omwe amakonda kwambiri mileme yopanda vuto lililonse.
Akamba am'madzi
Amakhala makamaka mosungiramo mapiri. Mosiyana ndi nyama zakutchire, pali zotupa pakati pa zala za kamba. Kukula kwa anthu wamba kumakhala mpaka 15 cm m'mimba mwake. Usiku amagona pansi pa dziwe kapena madzi ena, ndipo masana amasaka nsomba zazing'ono, amadya masamba. Amayikidwa m'matumba a m'nyengo yozizira.
Ziweto za Crimea Phatikizani akamba am'madzi, omwe amathanso kubisalira komanso kubisalaza kwinakwake pamalo obisika m'chipinda chapansi mpaka kasupe woyamba wofunda.
Nkhumba zabwino
Wakale kwambiri pachilumbachi ndi kunyada kwa Crimea. Nyama yayikulu imakula mpaka mamita 1.4 ikafota. Nyanga zanthambi zimakongoletsa mutu wake. Kukula ndi kutalika kwa njirazi kumawonetsa msinkhu wa nswala. Kukongoletsa kwakukulu kwa amuna kumapangidwanso chaka chilichonse.
M'nkhalango zamapiri ku Crimea, kumveka mkokomo wa zida zazikulu kwambiri zimamveka. Gulu limasonkhana apa ndikudya zomera. M'nyengo yozizira, mbawala zimayandikira minda, m'nkhalango pafupi ndi madera okhala anthu, komwe kuli chakudya chochuluka komanso kotentha. Nyama zokongola zimakongoletsa nkhalango.
Mouflon
Nkhosa zam'mapiri zidazolowera ku Crimea ngakhale zisanachitike. Zovuta pakukhazikika, zovuta pakubereka zidapangitsa kuti okhala ku Europe azitetezedwa makamaka. Zizolowezi za nyama ndizofanana ndi za nkhosa zoweta.
Masana, kunja kukutentha, amakhala mumithunzi ya miyala, pansi pa mitengo, ndipo madzulo amadya udzu pafupi ndi mapiri, m'malo otsetsereka audzu. M'nyengo yozizira, amavutika ndi chipale chofewa ndipo amapita kunyumba kwa anthu kukapeza chakudya.
Chodzikongoletsera chachikulu cha nyamazo ndi nyanga zopota mwauzimu mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo. Anthu akulu amafika 200 kg. Zinyama zachilendo ku Crimea amatetezedwa.
Roe
Nyama zokongola nthawi ina zinkakhala m'chigawo cha chilumbachi. Anthu ankatsogolera ziwetozo kupita nazo kumapiri. Magalasi odziwika (ubweya woyera mozungulira mchira) wa nyama zomwe zikuthawa anthu nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'nkhalango.
Kumva mwangwiro kumateteza adani ambiri. Mbozi za Roe zimavutika kwambiri ndi ozembetsa. Pamodzi ndi nswala, momwe amafanana kwambiri, ma artiodactyls ndi okondedwa a nkhalango, omwe amawatcha mwachikondi "mbuzi".
Doe
Ngakhale nyama yotsalira kumapiri a Crimea ikadali yachilendo. Kuyesera kochulukitsa ma artiodactyl abwino sikunamalizidwe. Chachikulu kuposa mbawala zamphongo, koma chocheperako kuposa kukula kwa agwape, agwape osamala amakhala osamala, okhwima, osinthidwa kukhala malo okhalapo ndi nkhalango.
Popanda chitetezo chaumunthu, kufalikira kwa nyama sikuyenera kukhala korona wopambana, koma anthu aku Crimea akuchita zambiri kuti ateteze mitunduyo.
Nguluwe yamtchire
Woyamba kukhala pachilumbachi adaphedwa ndi zaka za zana la 19. Patatha pafupifupi zaka zana, nkhumba zamtchire zidabwezedwa bwino kumayiko amenewa. Nyama zam'mimba zimadya mtedza, bowa, mizu, mazira a mbalame, ndi makoswe.
Mukakumana ndi munthu, nguluwe zimachoka mosamala, koma ngati nkhondoyi singapeweke, ndiye kuti nyama sizidziwa mantha. Kukumana ndi akazi oteteza ana a nkhumba ndiowopsa kwambiri. Mutha kukhala ndi moyo pa nthambi za mtengo wautali.
Buluzi wa thanthwe
Amakhala m'mapiri a Crimea okha. Woyenda wolimba mtima pamiyala ndi m'malo otsetsereka. Mphepete mwa miyala, miyala, mafunde, mapiri amiyala ndi malo omwe amakonda kwambiri abuluzi. Mutha kukumana ndi anthu okongola pamtunda wa 3000-3500 mita pamwamba pa nyanja. Kuthamanga ndi kupumula kwa mayendedwe sikungafanane.
Zinyama za m'mphepete mwa nyanja
Nyama za m'mphepete mwa nyanja zikuyimiridwa ndi zokwawa ndi zopanda nyama. Buluzi amakhala wofala kwambiri.
Crockan ya ku Crimea
M'masiku akale, anali kupezeka paliponse ngakhale m'malo amizinda yopanga phokoso - pamakoma, pafupi ndi makoma a nyumba, pakati pa nyumba zakale. Kukula kwakukulu kwawononga malo a nalimata. Mabwinja okondedwa omwe anali ndi malo ambiri, malo ogona, ming'alu anayamba kutha padziko lapansi.
Abuluzi okongola samangokongoletsa chilengedwe ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, komanso amalepheretsa kufalikira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Adani a nalimata anali amphaka osochera, omwe adathandizira kwambiri kuchepetsa abuluzi.
Njoka yam'madzi ya Serpentine
Anthu ambiri amatenga choyimira cholukachi ngati chokwawa chakupha, mamba. Ngakhale mawonekedwe owopsa ndi kukula kwake, kutalika kwake kuli pafupifupi mita 1-1.25, chinyama sichikhala chowopsa ngati simuchigwira ndipo musayese kuleza mtima.
Alibe nkhanza zachilengedwe. Amakhala ku Crimea kokha. Nsomba za chikasu zimayenda pang'onopang'ono, sizithamangira aliyense. Thupi limasalala pang'ono mbali ndi khungu losalala komanso lowala. Nyamayo idalembedwa mu Red Book. Kuopseza kutha ndikofala - kuwonongedwa kwa spind nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa chowoneka chowopsa, chisokonezo ndi njoka.
Ndikosavuta kusiyanitsa zamiyala yachikaso ndi zokwawa zakupha - maso awo amatetezedwa ndi zikope zophethira, mosiyana ndi njoka.
Nyama zakutchire za Crimea zili ndi tizilombo tambiri. Malingaliro aku Mediterranean amadziwika kwa aliyense amene adayendera chilumba chilimwe.
Cicadas
Ambiri amvapo phokoso, koma sanawone tizilombo timeneti. Cicada ndi wamkulu pang'ono kuposa ntchentche wamba, nthawi zonse amabisala pakati pamasamba. Ziwalo zoyimbira zokhala ndi ma resonator apadera zili pamimba. Osewerawa akuwoneka kuti akupikisana pamawu oyimba amakwaya. Cicadas amakhala nyengo yonse. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, tizilomboto timasinthasintha, mosiyana ndi ziwala kapena njenjete.
Kupemphera mantises
Dzinalo limaperekedwa kuti chiwonekere tizilombo, chomwe chimakweza miyendo yakutsogolo. Zili ngati manja a munthu wokwezedwa kumwamba popemphera. M'malo mwake, mapemphero opempherera amabisalira nyama asanaukiridwe, amakhala nthawi yayitali, kubisala m'masamba. Kukula kwa tizilombo mpaka 4-5 cm kumalola nthawi zina kumenya nkhondo ndi mpheta. Malinga ndi chizindikirocho, munthu yemwe azimayi opemphererawo amakhala amakhala wosangalala kwanthawi yayitali.
Crimea pansi kachilomboka
Odwala ku Crimea amatetezedwa ngati mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kafadala. Chikumbu sichitha kuwuluka, koma chimangoyenda m'njira ndi malo otsetsereka.Chikumbu chimakhala chachikulu, mpaka masentimita asanu, chimakhala ndi utoto wofiirira, womwe umatulutsidwa ndi zobiriwira, zamtambo, zakuda.
Mukakhudza wokhala wokongola, amatulutsa madzi owononga kuti akuwopsyezeni. Imadzetsa moyo wokangalika wausiku, imayenda mwachangu miyendo yayitali, yolimba. Nankafumbwe amayenda mpaka 2 km patsiku. Nsagwada zamphamvu zimathandizira kuthana ndi nyama: nkhono, nkhono zapansi, ma slugs.
Ndi nyama ziti zomwe zili ku Crimea Amatha kukhala ndi moyo, akatswiri a zoo komanso okonda zachilengedwe zokha amadziwa. Nyama zambiri zomwe kale zinkakhala kuno zimatayika pachilumba. Awa ndi nkhandwe, wolverine, beaver, marmot, chimbalangondo ndi mitundu ina.
Dziko la mbalame zam'madzi liyenera kulongosola mosiyana. Swan Islands Reserve ndi yotchuka chifukwa cha nkhono zake. Zikwi zambiri za swans zimakhala m'nyengo yozizira pachilumbachi ndikukhala nthawi ya molting. Zitsamba, mallards, mergansers okhala ndi mphuno yayitali, cranes chisa m'dziko la steppe la Crimea.
Oposa 200 mitundu yamabanja mbalame adalembetsedwa kuderalo. Pakati pawo palibe pafupifupi zochitika zilizonse. Kupanga mankhwala ndi kulima nthaka muulimi ndi vuto lalikulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbalame zisawonongeke.
Kusunga ndi kupititsa patsogolo nyama zakutchire komwe kumakhala madera osiyanasiyana ndikofunikira kuti chilengedwe chikhale cholimba, ubale pakati pa anthu ndi nyama.
