Ural imagonjetsa akatswiri okongola ndi kukongola kwake kwakukulu ndi chuma: mitsinje yoyera kwambiri, nyanja zamakristalo, mathithi okongola, mapanga osafufuzidwa. Zinyama Zam'madzi choyimiridwa ndi nyama zamitunduma, nkhalango ndi steppe.
Malo awo okhala, komanso kugawa madera, zimadalira kwambiri kugwedezeka kwamapiri ndi mapiri. Dziko la zinyama ku Urals limasiyana ndi madera ena mumitundu yambiri yazinyama zam'mlengalenga ndi mbalame za m'mapiri, kuphatikizapo bustard, crane, chiwombankhanga, nkhwangwa, lark yaminyanga, harrier, belladonna.
Ural nyama - awa ndi nthumwi zosiyanasiyana za zinyama, zomwe zimatha kutenga nthawi yayitali. Malinga ndi nkhaniyi, tiona, mwina, nyama zochititsa chidwi kwambiri m'dera lokongolali mdziko lathu.
Nyama za Subpolar Urals
Subpolar Ural ndiye gawo lalitali kwambiri lamapiri otchuka a Ural. Nayi malo awo okwera - Phiri la Narodnaya. Pakadali pano, nyama zam'derali ndizosauka kwambiri. Chowonadi ndi chakuti pambuyo poti nyama zonse zazikulu kwambiri zatha ndi kutheratu, nyama yayikulu yokha pano ndi mphalapala, yomwe anthu ake atsala pang'ono kutha.
Sungani mandimu, ankhandwe aku Arctic, mimbulu, magawo, chipmunks, mbira ndi hares amapezeka kumadzulo otsetsereka a Subpolar Urals. Kuno kumakhala zimbalangondo za Brown - gulu lalikulu la zinyama osati za dera lino zokha komanso za dziko lonselo. Oimira padziko lapansi pamadzi - pike, hering'i, pyzhyan, tchizi.
Nkhandwe ya ku Arctic
Ankhandwe aku Arctic ndi abale ang'onoang'ono a nkhandwe. Kutalika kwawo kumasiyana masentimita 45 mpaka 70, ndipo kulemera kwawo kumakhala 2 mpaka 8 makilogalamu.
Nyama zazing'onozi zimakhala ndi tsitsi loyera loyera. Ubweya wa nkhandwe ku Arctic umatenthetsa bwino nyamayo nyengo yozizira. Amadyetsa chilichonse chomwe apeza. Nthawi ya njala, nkhandwe zimadya nyenyeswa za nyama zikuluzikulu zolusa.
Mphalapala
Mutha kukumana naye nthawi zambiri. Zambiri mwazinyama zowetedwa kuno. Amapanga chuma chambiri cha anthu amderalo. Ngati tikulankhula za mawonekedwe achilengedwe a mphalapala, ndiye kuti awa nyama za Subpolar Urals tsopano awonongedwa kotheratu.
Anthu ambiri akumpoto padziko lapansi adakhalapo ndi nyama yolemekezeka iyi: mphalapala zimapatsa munthu chakudya ndi khungu la zovala, komanso njira yabwino yoyendetsera kumpoto chakumtunda komwe kumaphimbidwa panjira.
Kutalika, nyama izi zimafika 2 mita. Kutalika kwa mphalapala kufota ndi mita imodzi. Chovala cha mphalapala ndichokwera, chachitali, chopindika. Amakhala ndi bulauni yakuda mwa anthu wamba komanso imvi kuthengo.
Mbali yapadera ya mphalapala ndi kukhalapo kwa nyanga osati amuna okha, komanso akazi. Ziboda za mphalapala ndizotakata, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti asagwere chipale chofewa. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti mphalapala ndi okongola ngati abale awo, nswala zofiira. Mphalapala zili ndi miyendo yaifupi, michira ing'onoing'ono, ndipo nthawi zina amuna ndi amphongo amakhala ndi zibwano pachibwano chapamwamba.
Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti mphalapala zoweta ndizofala kwambiri. Chilombochi nthawi zonse chimakhala chakutchire: kuyang'anira pang'ono kwa mwini wake - ndipo munthu wonyada, wowoneka bwino wowoneka bwino amathamangidwanso.
Tsoka ilo, mphalapala zakutchire zitha kugawana nawo tsogolo la ng'ombe zam'mimba, mahatchi amtchire, njati ndi saigas, omwe kale anali ndi zipembere zaubweya wakale komanso mammoth onse odziwika omwe amakhala m'dera lonselo.
Nyama za Kumwera kwa Urals
Imaphatikiza madera a nkhalango, steppe ndi tundra. Dziko lolemera la zomera ku Southern Urals lathandiza kuti nyama zazing'ono komanso zosawerengeka zikhale ndi moyo m'derali. Makamaka, oimira madera otsalira amakhala pano: ma voles, agologolo, ma jerboas, hamsters, ma steppe marmots.
Nyama zaku South Urals Zimayimilidwa ndi mimbulu, zimbalangondo zofiirira, agologolo, nkhandwe zakumtunda, masabeli, ma grazel, ma grouse, ma lark okhala ndi nyanga komanso mphalapala. Ndizovuta kukhulupirira, koma nthumwi yomwe ili ndi nyanga ya Subpolar Urals idasamukira kudera lakumwera kutsatira kusuntha kwa zomera.
Chimbalangondo chofiirira
Nyama izi zimapezeka paliponse, koma mwamwayi ndizosowa kuziwona. Kulemera kwamwamuna wamkulu kumasiyana kuyambira 3 mpaka 5 quintals. Mwambiri, chimbalangondo chimayimira nyama zonse, osati pakati pa nyama zakumwera kwa Urals, komanso pazonse zinyama za ku Urals.
Mwa njira, ndizovuta kutcha chimbalangondo chilombo. Chowonadi ndichakuti zolemera zolemera zaubweya izi ndizopatsa chidwi: amadya nyama ndi nsomba, komanso uchi ndi zipatso zamnkhalango.
M'dzinja, zimbalangondo zofiirira zimapeza mafuta ochepa komanso obisalamo. Zimbalangondo zomwe sizinanenepe pofika nthawi yophukira ndipo sizinagone m'nyengo yozizira zimakhala zosalala. Zimbalangondo zofiirira zakumwera kwa Ural, monga zimbalangondo zina zofiirira, zimapanga mapanga pouma - pansi pamizu yopota yamitengo.
Sable
Mwa nyama za m'derali zimatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi omwe amatchedwa "ngale ya taiga ya ku Siberia" - sable. Nyama iyi ndi kunyada kwa Russia, kuyambira nthawi ya Ufumu waku Russia ndiye maziko a chuma cha dzikolo. Ndi wolusa wolimba mtima komanso wopusa. Kwa tsiku limodzi, nyamayo imatha kuthamanga mtunda waukulu wamakilomita ambiri. Amakwera mitengo mofunitsitsa, koma amayenda pansi.
Nyama imeneyi imasaka m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Amatha, ngati mphaka, kubisalira ndikuwonera mbewa, kapena amatha mwamakani kuthamangitsa nyama zam'mimba mu chisanu chofewa mpaka itatuluka. Chakudya chachikulu cha mphanga ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono. Sable nthawi zambiri amasaka mbalame zazikulu, nsomba, agologolo, komanso abale ake ang'onoang'ono - ermine ndi Siberia weasel. Sable amadyanso zipatso za lingonberry, mabulosi abulu, phulusa lamapiri, ma cones.
Nyama za ku Middle Urals
Pafupifupi gawo lonse la Middle Urals lili m'dera la nkhalango. Amakhala ndi nyama ndi mbalame, zomwe zimasinthidwa kukhala m'nkhalango zowoneka bwino: nkhandwe, zipilala, ma sables, chipmunks, grouse wakuda, grouse yamatabwa, hazel grouse. Palibe nyama zazikulu, kupatula mphalapala. Koma ma elks adatetezedwa kale chifukwa chakuchepa kwa anthu.
Nyama zamphongo zakutchire zimapezeka kumtunda kwa mapiri a Middle Urals; zimbalangondo zofiirira, ma martens, amphaka, agologolo, mbalame zoyera, akalulu, timadontho, akadzidzi a mphungu, opondaponda mitengo, ng'ombe zamphongo, amphaka, nkhono amakhala ku taiga. M'nkhalango za taiga ku Middle Urals, amphibiya ndi zokwawa ndizochepa: achule audzu, njoka wamba, abuluzi ovuta.
M'madera a nkhalango za Middle Urals, mungapeze mimbulu, nkhandwe, ermines, weasels, akalulu. Minks aku Europe, ma otter, ndi ma voles amadzi amakhala m'mphepete mwa mitsinje komanso zigwa. M'madambo mungapeze mbalame zam'madzi: abakha, atsekwe zakutchire, mapiri, mapira a mchenga.
Kuthambo lakumadzulo kwa Middle Urals, kuli oimira nkhalango zowoneka bwino: makwayala nkhalango, mahedgehogs, badger, hares, orioles, finches, nightingales, goldfinches, siskins, starlings and rook. Zokwawa ndi amphibiya akuyimiridwa pano ndi achule, nyama zatsopano ndi njoka zopanda poizoni.
Lynx
Woimira wowala nyama za ku Urals Middle - lynx. Mphaka wamkuluyu samaposa kukula kwa galu wamba, sakhala wopitilira mita imodzi kutalika, ndipo kulemera kwake sikupitilira 17 kg. Malinga ndi zomwe akatswiri a zanyama ku Siberia ndi Ural apeza, mphutsi ya lynx imawoneka yosangalatsa kwambiri: mesentery yolimba yomwe imapanga mphuno yotuwa, makutu okongoletsa ndi ngayaye ndi mawonekedwe amwano.
Tsoka, mphuno yokha ndi yomwe imadziwika kuti ndi yachisomo m'mphuno. Thupi la mphakawu silimapangitsa chidwi kwambiri: miyendo yakumbuyo ndi yayitali kwambiri, yakutsogolo ndi yayifupi kwambiri, mchira ndi wocheperako, ngati kuti wadulidwa. Komanso, mphaka ali ndi miyendo yotakata kwambiri. Kapangidwe kopanda pake kotere kamabweretsa zabwino ku lynx: nyama imasinthidwa mwangwiro osati wamba, komanso mkhalidwe wankhanza wakumpoto.
Mwachitsanzo, zikhomo zazikulu zimathandiza nyamayi kuti ikhalebe m'chipale chofewa pamene ikuthamangitsa nyama yayikulu - kalulu. Makutu a lynx siokongoletsa chabe, koma ndi mtundu wina wa tinyanga tofatsira tomwe timathandiza katsi kumva phokoso lokhala chete.
Lynx ndi woona nyama zakutchire za ku Urals... Mumikhalidwe yachilengedwe, nkovuta kuwona mphaka uyu. Chowonadi ndi chakuti, ziphuphu ndi nyama zosamala; amasaka m'mawa kwambiri kapena kumapeto kwa tsiku. Ma lxxes, monga akambuku, ndi osaka okha. Malo osakira ndi malo omwe amadziwika kale.
Kalulu waku Europe ndi kalulu woyera
Mitundu yonse iwiri yamatumba okhala ndi makutu atali ndi nyama za ku Urals Middle... Zonsezi zimakhala ndi imvi nthawi yotentha, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira kalulu woyera amasintha mwinjiro wake wotuwa mwanjira yoyera. A Rusak amakhalabe otuwa chaka chonse. Belyaks, monga lamulo, amakhala m'nkhalango, pomwe okhala kalulu amakhala m'mapiri ndi m'minda.
Kalulu
Masana, kalulu woyera amagona, ndipo usiku amapita kukafunafuna chakudya. Mantha wamakutu atali awa amadya makungwa a mitengo. Omwe amamukonda kwambiri "aspen, birch, msondodzi. Mbalame zoyera zimadutsa mosavuta chipale chofewa. Kalulu akalumpha, amakhala ngati gologolo, amabweretsa miyendo yake yakumbuyo patsogolo.
Ma hares aku Europe sanasinthidwe nyengo yachisanu monga momwe amachitira. Mwachitsanzo, chipale chofewa choyamba chikugwa pansi, kalulu sangathe kufika ku zokolola zachisanu, amayenera kudumphira kwa anthu m'minda ndi minda yamasamba - kuti adye zitsa. Ngati mulibe ziphuphu, hares zofiirira zimalumpha mwachangu kupita kumalo osungira udzu. Nthawi zambiri nyamazi zimavulaza mitengo yaying'ono ya maapulo poyesa makungwa ake.
Kalulu
Nyama za kumpoto kwa Urals
Dera la kumpoto kwa Urals limakhudza nkhalango zowirira kwambiri, madambo ndi udzu utali wotalikira. Nyama za kumpoto kwa Urals - izi ndi mitundu yachilengedwe ya nkhalango ku Europe ndi ku Siberia. Oimira mitundu ya Arctic nthawi zambiri amakhala kumapiri.
Mu taiga ya Northern Urals, zimbalangondo zofiirira, hares zofiirira, nkhandwe, nkhandwe, mphalapala, amphaka, wolverines, ermines, beavers, ma grouse akuda, ma capercaillies, ma hazel grouse, abakha, magawo. Komanso, ma martens, ma sables, ma weasel, mtanda pakati pa marten ndi mphanga - ana, otters, adazolowera zovuta za North Ural. Otter ndi baji - nyama zosowa za Urals.
M'nkhalango za taiga ku Middle Urals, mutha kumva crossbill ndi nutcracker. Amayi pano mwina ndi m'modzi mwa omwe akuyimira dera lino. Pamitengopo mutha kuwona kukongola konyada - ng'ombe zamphongo ndi kayendedwe kabwino ka nkhalango za taiga - zotchinga mitengo.
Nyama za m'derali zimayimiridwanso ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono osiyanasiyana. Pano mungapeze mbewa, nkhalango zowirira, ndi mbewa zazing'ono. Nyama zazing'ono kwambiri padziko lapansi - timitengo - timakhala mumthunzi wa makungwa a mitengo.
Wolverine
Yemwe akuyimira dongosolo la nyama zolusa adalandira dzina lotchuka "wosusuka", "skunk bear", "chiwanda chakumpoto". Wolverines ndi osaka zoopsa kwambiri komanso zamphamvu za banja la weasel. Kunja, nyamazi zimawoneka ngati zimbalangondo zazing'ono zomwe zili ndi michira yofewa. Kutalika, wolverines samapitilira mita imodzi, ndipo amalemera osapitilira 15 kg.
Ngakhale kuti ndi zazing'ono kwambiri, nyama zolusazi zimatha kugwetsa nkhandwe kapena kuyendetsa mbewa yaikulu pamtengo kamodzi kokha. Mmbulu umatha kugwira mphalapala kapena mphalapala, kulumpha kumbuyo kwa nyamayi ndikuluma mwamphamvu mpaka m'khosi mpaka mtembo waukulu wa artiodactyl utagwa pansi.
Komanso menyu ya wolverine ndi agologolo, hares, nkhandwe. Zowonongera izi zitha kudzitama ndi kukhetsa magazi m'nyengo yozizira yokha. M'chilimwe, mimbulu imadzichepetsera posankha chakudya: imadya nyama yakufa, mazira a mbalame, mbozi za tizilombo, ndipo nthawi zina, pamodzi ndi zimbalangondo zofiirira, zimadya mtedza, zipatso ndi zipatso.
Vuto la Middendorf
Nyama yaying'ono iyi kuchokera pagulu la makoswe imapezeka m'matumba a moss kumpoto kwa Ural tundra. Kutalika kwa thupi lake ndi masentimita 13, mchira kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 3.5. M'chilimwe, ma voles a Middendorf amadya masinde ndi masamba, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira, mbali zake.
M'nyengo yozizira, amakonzekera ma rhizomes. Voles, monga ulamuliro, kumanga zisa mu mabulosi abulu tchire ndi m'nkhalango ya carp birch pa okwera otsika.
Elk
Pakadali pano, Urals ndizosatheka popanda chimphona kuchokera kubanja la agwape - elk. Mbalame zazikuluzikulu zazitali za miyalayi sizipezeka kawirikawiri m'nkhalango za taiga kumpoto kwa Ural. Kutalika kwa thupi lamwamuna wamkulu kumakhala osachepera 3 mita, ndipo kutalika kwake kumafota mpaka 2.7 mita. Zimphona izi zimalemera kuyambira 2.5 mpaka 5.8 centner.
Mphalapala yamphongo imadziwika mosavuta ndi nyanga zazikulu, zazikazi zomwe akazi alibe. Monga m'masiku akale, masiku ano akuyesera kuweta mphalapala. Ku Russia palinso minda yapadera ya mphalapala komwe zimphona zazikuluzikuluzi zimapangidwa. Ndipo, ndiyenera kuvomereza, osati pachabe.
Nyamazi zimawoneka zovuta: miyendo yawo yoluka imawoneka yowonda kwambiri poyerekeza ndi thupi lawo lalikulu. Mchira waufupi nthawi zambiri suwoneka. Makutu a mphalapala ndi zazikulu, ndipo maso ndi ochepa. Mphuno imamenyedwa komanso kusokonekera, pakhosi pamatuluka khungu lofewa - "ndolo". Ngakhale izi zikuwoneka, the elk ndiye membala wamkulu kwambiri wamabanja agwape komanso mbuye wosadziwika wa nkhalango ndi madambo.
Nyama za Bukhu Lofiira la Urals
Mwakutero, Red Book of the Urals kulibe. Dera lililonse lili ndi Red Book yake. Mwakutero, sizovuta kupanga mndandanda wazinyama zosawerengeka komanso zomwe zili pachiwopsezo ku Urals yonse, koma ziziwonjezera zochepa pazolembedwera, ndipo kuti mupereke thandizo lenileni, mudzafunikirabe kuyang'ana pamalamulo am'deralo.
Nyama za Bukhu Lofiira la Urals - awa ndi mileme (bat ya madzi, moustached bat, pond bat, North kozhok, etc.) ndi makoswe (gologolo wowuluka, dormouse wam'munda, hamster wa Dzungarian, lemming m'nkhalango, jerboa yayikulu, imvi hamster). Tiyeni tione mitundu ina mwatsatanetsatane.
Hedgehog wamba
Nthumwi iyi ya dongosolo la nyama zosawerengeka zalembedwa mu Red Book la Sverdlovsk Region. Nyamazi zimadya tizilombo tambiri komanso ma slugs, omwe ndi owopsa m'nkhalango ndi minda yam'munda.
Hedgehog wamba ndi, mwina, imodzi mwazinyama zochepa zomwe zimalola kuti munthu abwere pafupi kwambiri ndi iye. Koma izi zimachitika, ayi, chifukwa hedgehog ndi munthu wolimba mtima, koma chifukwa cha kusawona bwino. Chifukwa chake, ma hedgehogs amakonda kudalira fungo lawo. Koma mphuno zawo nthawi zambiri zimawalephera: ngati mphepo iwomba mbali inayo, nyama izi sizimatha kuzindikira kuyandikira kwa munthu kapena nyama kwa iwo.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timasaka usiku. Pakasaka, hedgehog wamba ndi nyama yothamanga komanso yovuta. Nyama sikuti imangothana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso imavutika kudya njoka zapoizoni. Mwa njira, poizoni wa mphiri alibe mphamvu pa hedgehog wamba.
Ngakhale ali ndi minga, hedgehog sangadzitamande ndi chitetezo chathunthu kwa adani, omwe ali ndi zambiri: akadzidzi akulu, akadzidzi a chiwombankhanga, nkhandwe, nkhandwe, ndipo, zowonadi, munthu yemwe adachita chilichonse kuti chiopsezo cha tizilombo tatsoka ichi chiwonongeke.
Muskrat
Chikhalidwe chaumunthu, chomwe ndi umbombo waumunthu, ndichifukwa chake nyama izi zatsala pang'ono kutha. Anthu awo atakhala pamlingo woyenera, wolamulirayo adawonongedwa kwambiri chifukwa cha ubweya wawo wokongola komanso wamtengo wapatali. Kuswana muskrat pachifukwa chomwechi kunathandizira kusamutsidwa kwa desman m'malo awo achilengedwe.
Mphaka wa steppe
Nyama iyi mu Red Book m'chigawo cha Orenburg idapatsidwa gulu lowopsa №3. Amphaka amphaka ndi mbalame ndi mbewa zochepa. Nthawi yachisanu, monga mukudziwa, ndi nthawi yovuta kwa nyama zakutchire za ku Urals. Amphaka a steppe, pakalibe nyama, amatha kuyendayenda kwa anthu kuti apindule, mwachitsanzo, ndi nkhuku.
Mink waku Europe
Malinga ndi Red Data Book of the Chelyabinsk Region, mink yaku Europe idalembedwa m'gulu No. 1, ndipo mu Red Data Book la Bashkortostan, nyamayi imapezeka mgulu lachiwiri. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti mink yaku Europe kulibeko mu Red Data Book ya Perm Territory.
