Bukhu Lofiira la Russia kunakhala kupitiliza kwachikhalidwe cha Soviet chokusunga zolengedwa zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha ndikusunga kuchuluka kwawo. Buku loyamba lovomerezeka pambuyo pa perestroika lidasindikizidwa mu 2001.
Pofalitsa, nyama sizinangolembedwa zokha, komanso zikuwonetsedwa pachithunzichi ndikulembedwa mtundu winawake. Chifukwa chake, pamasamba ofiira amalemba za omwe ali pangozi, ndipo achikaso za iwo omwe manambala awo akungoyamba kutsika. Masamba obiriwira amasungidwira mitundu yomwe anthu amatha kubwezeretsanso.
Chakuda ndi chizindikiro cha nyama zomwe zatha kale. Penti yoyera imayimira kusaphunzira kwa mitunduyo. Choncho anagawira zinyama 259, nsomba 139, 21 zokwawa, 65 nyama ndi 8 amphibians. Tiyeni tiwonjezere zina zowuma za iwo.
Zinyama za Red Book of Russia
Solongoy Zabaikalsky
Kuwonetsedwa pa imodzi mwa ndalama zosonkhanitsira za "Red Book". Inayamba kuperekedwa ndi banki yaboma ya USSR. Tsopano mwambowu umathandizidwa ndi Bank of Russia. Weasel Solongoy adapezeka pa 2-ruble ndalama mu 2012. Katundu wa siliva amadziwika kuti ndi wosowa, komabe, monga nyama yomwe.
Transbaikalia ndiye malo okhala nyama. Choyamba kuwonedwa pa Zun-Torey. Iyi ndi nyanja kum'mawa kwa dera. Imapezekanso ku Yakutia, Primorye ndi Priamurye, komwe kumakhala madera otsetsereka. Apa chilombocho chimadyera makoswe ang'onoang'ono.
Njoka ndi mbalame zimaphatikizidwanso muzakudya. Solongoy yemweyo "awonongedwa" ndimikhalidwe yazachilengedwe. Malo okhala akuchepa, chifukwa chilombocho chimakonda ukhondo komanso kusungulumwa. Kalelo pakati pa zaka zapitazi, nyama yofanana ndi ermine inali nyama yamalonda. Tsopano kusaka kwa nsomba kumachitika kokha ngati kosowa.
Altai nkhosa zamapiri
Imamera nyanga zolemera makilogalamu 35. Unyinji wonse wa nyama umafikira pafupifupi ma 2 centner. Kuphatikiza kumwera kwa Altai Territory, imapezeka ku Tuva. Kumeneko, nyama imakwera mapiri okwera mamita 3000 pamwamba pa nyanja. Awa ndi malo achitetezo pakagwa ngozi. Nthawi zambiri, nkhosa yamphongo ya Altai imakhala m'mapiri. Akazi omwe ali ndi ana amagawika m'magulu osiyana. Amuna amakhala m'magulu amphongo.
Mahema m'mapiri samapulumutsa nkhosazo. Osaka nyama amapita kumeneko ndi helikopita. Mmodzi wa iwo adagwa mu 2009. Tsoka la Januware lidapha miyoyo ya anthu 7 ndikuthandizira kukhazikitsa cholinga chaulendo wa amuna 11 kumapiri. Tinabwera kudzawombera nkhosa zamphongo.
Amur steppe polecat
Anadya mwiniwake ndikusamukira kunyumba kwake. Malinga ndi kuona kwa anthu, steppe polecat ndimakhalidwe oyipa. M'dziko lanyama, chinyama sichitsutsidwa. Ferret imadyetsa ma hamsters, gophers ndikukhazikika m'mabowo awo kuti asadzikumbe okha. Amangokhala pakukula kwa magawo amalo okhala anthu ena.
Ku Far East, polecat amakhala m'madambo owuma ndi namsongole. Amadziwa zosowa zaulimi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa mitunduyo. Zikuwoneka kuti amatha kutukuka m'malo omwe akudula mitengo m'nkhalango ya Far East. Koma ayi. Munthu amatha kufesa magawo omwe asowa ndikuwapatsa malo odyetserako ziweto.
Nkhandwe ya Mednovsky
Kusaka nkhandwe yabuluu kwaletsedwa kwa zaka 50. Chinyamacho chinawonongedwa kuti chikhale chotsika mtengo kwambiri pakati pa ubweya wazamalonda waku Russia. M'malo mokhala ndi nkhandwe za Arctic pachilumba cha Mednoye, pakati pa Nyanja ya Bering ndi Pacific Ocean, Commander Reserve idatsegulidwa, ndikupangitsa cholepheretsa china kwa opha nyama mosavomerezeka.
N'zovuta kupulumuka nkhandwe popanda wowopsezedwa ndi anthu. Oposa theka la achinyamata amamwalira akuphunzira kusaka. Achinyamata amagwa m'miyala. Kumeneko amafunafuna mazira a mbalame.
Nyalugwe wa Amur
Mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya akambuku yapulumuka padziko lapansi. Poyamba, analipo 9. Mwa asanu ndi mmodzi otsala, Amur ndiye wocheperako komanso wakumpoto kwambiri. Ubweya wakuda kwambiri komanso motalika kwambiri umadziwika ndi malo okhala. Komanso nyalugwe wa Amur ndi wamkulu kuposa anzawo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndi mphaka wamkulu padziko lapansi.
Mchira wa nyamayo umatha kutalika masentimita 115. Chimphona chimamenyanso zimbalangondo, ndipo ndi munthu yekhayo amene amamuukira. Pofunafuna ubweya wamtengo wapatali komanso nyama zodzaza, omalizawa adatsala pang'ono kupha nyalugwe. Zowonjezera zomwe zimakakamiza nyamayo ndikuchepetsa kwa nkhalango zachilengedwe.
Dolphin wamaso oyera
Amakhala kumpoto kwa Atlantic. Kumeneko, anamgumi okhala ndi nkhope zoyera amakhala m'magulu a anthu 6-8. Nyama zimakwanitsa zaka zawo zapakati pa 30-40. Mosiyana ndi nyama zambiri, nyama zoyera nkhope sizikhala muukapolo kwambiri.
Chifukwa chake, ndizovuta kuti anthu azikhala m'madonfinariyamu. Sizopindulitsa kuti eni ake apeze nyama zomwe zingaphunzire zanzeru kwa zaka 5, ndizokayikitsa kuti zingapatse ana ndikukhala zaka 20 zokha.
M'chilengedwe chawo, anamgumi okhala ndi nkhope zoyera amakonda kuthamangitsa ndere ngati amphaka omwe amathamangitsa michira yawo. Monga amphaka, mwa njira, Red Book nyama zitha kuchiza. Asayansi apeza kuti ma ultrasound otulutsidwa ndi ma dolphin amathandizira thupi.
Chisindikizo cholumikizidwa
Amakhala m'nyanja ya Ladoga. Chinyamacho sichitha, monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, koma chimakhala ndi koboola pakati pa ubweya wake. Kuzungulira kwake kumakhala kopepuka kuposa mawu akulu. Mtundu wonse wa chisindikizo cha Ladoga ndi imvi. Nyamayo imasiyana ndi abale ake ndi kukula kwake kocheperako, sikulemera kupitirira 80 kilos, ndipo nthawi zambiri pafupifupi 50.
Chisindikizo cha Ladoga chaphunzira kupuma kwa mphindi 40 ndikutsika mpaka kuya mamita 300 ngakhale m'madzi oundana. Sungani malo ogulitsa mafuta ochepa. Komabe, iwo, komanso ubweya ndi mnofu wa chilombocho, zimamuwononga. Mwamuna akusaka pamwambapa, atachepetsa kale kuchuluka kwa nyanjayi kuchoka pa 30,000 kufika pa 3,000.
Dolphin woyera
Wa dolphin wamkulu kwambiri osati ku Atlantic kokha, komanso padziko lonse lapansi. Kuchuluka kwa nyamayo kumafika makilogalamu 230. Mosiyana ndi dolphin okhala ndi mutu woyera, ma dolphin okhala ndi zoyera amasonkhana m'magulu osakhala 6, koma anthu 60. Mitundu yonse ya zamoyozo ndi nyama pafupifupi 200,000. Palibe choletsa kusaka kuzilumba za Faroe. Pafupifupi dolphin 1,000 zosamukira amaphedwa kumeneko chaka chilichonse.
Chimbalangondo chakumtunda
Ali mu pulogalamu yotchuka pa TNT akuti sipadzakhala kutentha kwanyengo, zafika ku North Pole. Madzi oundana a kontinentiyo akusungunuka, ndipo zimbalangondo zoyera zimayenera kusambira mochulukira pamtunda.
Kusamuka kwa nyama zolusa pachaka kumakhala mayeso a kupulumuka. Kutaya mafuta panjira, zimbalangondo zowonda zimaundana ngakhale zitafika kumtunda. Chifukwa chotaya mtima, nyama zimathamangira nyama iliyonse, ngakhale nyama zazing'ono za mtundu wawo.
Pakadali pano, chimbalangondo chakum'mwera ndiye nyama yayikulu kwambiri yolanda mwazi padziko lapansi. Kulemera kwa chilombocho kuli pafupifupi tani. Chimbalangondo chachikulu chakumtunda chimalemera makilogalamu 1200. Subpecies iyi ya zimbalangondo zamakono zatha kale. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, khungu lakuda limabisika pansi pa ubweya woyera ngati chipale cha chimbalangondo chakumpoto. Yotsirizira imasonkhanitsa kutentha, ndipo chovala chovala ubweya chimafunika kuti chibisalire kumbuyo kwa chisanu.
Belttooth Wamkulu
Whaleyu amasambira pafupi ndi Kamchatka ndi Bering Island, pomwe choyambirira chidapezeka m'zaka za zana la 19. Idasungidwa kuyambira 1979. Nyamayi imatha kutalika mamita 6. Colossus wotere amayandama modabwitsa. Zingwe za olamulira zimasonkhana m'magulu, atawona kuchuluka kwa nsomba za salmon, zomwe amadya.
Kunja, lamba wa lamba amafanana ndi dolphin wamkulu. Makamaka, nyamayo imakhala ndi mbali yocheperako, yosongoka. Komabe, pali anangumi ena omwe ali ndi nkhope zofananira, amatchedwa anamgumi amlomo.
Nsapato yayikulu yamahatchi
Ndi a banja la mileme. Mphuno yoboola ngati mahatchi ndiye chifukwa cha dzina la nyamayo. Ndilo lalikulu kwambiri m'kalasi mwake, lofika masentimita 7 m'litali. Mapiko ake amakhala okulirapo kasanu.
Nyamayo imapezeka kawirikawiri ku Russia, chifukwa imawopa kutentha kwambiri komanso nyengo yozizira. Apa, ana ambiri amafa m'nyengo yozizira yoyamba. Poganizira kuti mkazi wobala mahatchi amabereka mwana m'modzi yekha nthawi imodzi, nyengo imakhala nthabwala yankhanza ndi anthu.
Chovala chachikulu
Shrew uyu amakhala ku Far East. Mwa achibale, oimira mitunduyo ndi chimphona chotalika masentimita 10. Muzitsulo zina, chizindikiritso chachikulu sichidutsa masentimita 6.
Chinsinsi cha zikuluzikulu zazikuluzikulu ndikupezeka kwa amuna pakati pawo. Asayansi amatha kugwira akazi okha. Nthawi zonse amabweretsa ana kamodzi pachaka, koma masewera olimbirana ndi njira yosakanirana sanalowe muma lens amakanema apakanema.
Chopukutira chimadyetsa tizilombo ndi mphutsi, zomwe zimamwa katatu katatu kulemera kwake patsiku. Unyinji wa Red Book nyama, mwa njira, ndi ofanana ndi magalamu 14.
Doko porpoise
Iyi si nkhumba yoweta yomwe ili kutsidya lina la nyanja, koma nyama yeniyeni yam'madzi. Amakonda kuzizira. Monga zimbalangondo zakumtunda, porpoises amavutikanso ndi kutentha kwanyengo. Komanso, kuchepa kwa anthu kumalumikizidwa ndi kuipitsa nyanja.
Oimira mitunduyo amakonda madzi oyera. Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa anthu komanso kupha anthu mosayenera. Nkhumba zopanda nthenga, monga akatswiri ama zoitala amatchulira, zimakhala ndi nyama yokoma komanso mafuta ambiri athanzi.
Kuli chimbudzi chachinayi kumbuyo kwa porpoise. Ikakhala pamwamba pamadzi, imafanana ndi nsombazi. Mwa njira, Red Book nyama ndi dolphin. Ali mu ukapolo, amakhala moyipa kwambiri kuposa nkhope zoyera, osakwanitsa zaka 4.
Gorbach
Uku ndi kusambira kwa anangumi pafupi ndi Kamchatka. Kusunthira m'madzi, nyamayo imayang'ana kumbuyo kwake, komwe idatchedwa dzina lake. Komanso, namgumi amasiyanitsidwa ndi mikwingwirima yothamanga pamimba. M'nyanja yonse ya Atlantic, gulu lankhosa zisanu zokha zidangowerengedwa. Anthu onse ndi anthu 4-6. Iliyonse ya iwo imalemera pafupifupi matani 35 ndipo ndi pafupifupi mita 13 m'litali.
Kuphatikiza pa nkhanu, nkhandweyo imadyanso nsomba. Nangumi wake amasaka mosayenera mwa miyezo ya anthu. Nsombazo zaletsedwa. Ngati anthu amachita izi mwa kuphulitsa zipolopolo pansi pa madzi, anamgumiwo amagwira ntchito ndi mchira wawo. Nyama zimawamenya m'magulu. Nsomba zili m'makolawo ndikugwa molunjika m'kamwa mwa chilombocho.
Chizindikiro cha Daurian
Hedgehog iyi ilibe chikopa chopanda kanthu pamutu pake, ndipo singano zimakula chimodzimodzi m'mbuyo. Mfundo yomalizayi imapangitsa kuti nyamayo ikhale yopanda phokoso. Mutha kusita singano ngati ubweya wa nkhosa. Anthu amachita izi, kubweretsa nyama za Daurian kunyumba. Ankhandwe, mbira, mimbulu, ferrets ndi agalu amangodya ma hedgehogs.
Chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu omwe akufuna kudya, ndikuyika anthu kumapeto kwa kutha. Ku Russia, nyamayo imakhala mdera la Chita ndi Amur. Ndikukhazikika kwa madera, munthu ayenera kufa osati m'manja mwa adani, komanso m'misewu ikuluikulu. Zikopa zimaphwanyidwa ndi magalimoto.
Ussuri sika nswala
Amakhala m'nkhalango zosakanikirana zamtundu wa Manchu. Izi zikuwoneka bwino mumitengo yosiyanasiyana. Pakati pawo, mbawala zimakhala mwamtendere, osapeza ubale wawo ngakhale nthawi yaminga. Amuna amayamba kumenyera akazi m'malo achilengedwe, poyang'aniridwa ndi anthu.
Sika deer amatchulidwa chifukwa imakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira. Chifukwa cha izi, nyamazo zimawoneka bwino chipale chofewa. Chiwerengero chachikulu chomaliza chinawonongedwa mu 1941. Kuyambira pamenepo, mbawala zamtunduwu sizikhala ndi moyo, koma zimakhalabe ndi moyo. Anthu a Red Book chirombo amakonda chilichonse: nyanga, nyama, ndi khungu.
Dzeren
Wachibale wapafupi wa antelopes ndi mbuzi, amakhala m'malo am'chipululu, m'mapiri. Nthawi zina, mbawala imakwera mapiri. Akatswiri a zinyama awerenga mitundu itatu ya nyama. Onse alipo 313,000. Gawo lina la anthu aku Mongolia ligwera Russia. Palinso mbawala zaku Tibet ndi mtundu wa Przewalski. Kumapeto kwake kuli ma ungulates 1000 okha.
Mwa mawonekedwe achi Mongolia, anthu 300,000. Komabe, ndi ochepa okha omwe amakhala ku Russia, ndipo onse amakhala ku Daursky Reserve. Apa ungulates amakhalabe kwamuyaya. Mbawala zina zimatha kuyendayenda kumadera akunyumba, koma kubwerera ku Mongolia.
Pestle wachikasu
Amakhala m'mapiri otsika akumwera kwa Altai, akusunthira ku Kazakhstan. M'mbuyomu, pestle imakhalanso m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia. Zinthu "zidawakwiyira" m'zaka za zana la 20. Makoswe amakumba mabowo mpaka masentimita 80 kutalika.
Kutalika kwa nyama kumakhala kochepera kanayi. Malo otsala mu burrow amakhala ndimapepala ndi mipando yazotengera. Tizirombo timagwira ntchito chaka chonse, motero nyama zimafunikira chakudya chambiri.
M'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, asayansi "sanawone" tizilombo tamoyo, koma mafupa awo okha mu ndowe za mimbulu, nkhandwe, ziwombankhanga ndi nyama zina zolusa. Izi zokha zimapangitsa munthu kuganiza kuti mtunduwo sunatheretu.
Mleme wa tricolor
Zimatanthauza mileme. Amapezeka m'mapiri a Krasnodar Territory. Apa mileme imafika masentimita 5.5 kutalika ndi magalamu 10 kulemera. Mleme wa tricolor amatchulidwa ndi mtundu wa malayawo.
Pansi pake pamakhala mdima, chapakati ndi chopepuka, ndipo nsonga zake ndi zanjerwa. Mleme umasiyana ndi mileme ina, momwemonso, pakunyamula kwake kwakutali ndi kudyetsa ana. Ali ndi miyezi itatu m'mimba ndi masiku 30 m'mawere.
Moyo wa mileme umatha pafupifupi zaka 15. Komabe, ndi ochepa okha omwe amapulumuka mpaka kukalamba. Njenjete zimawonongedwa ndi nyama zolusa, kuwonongeka kwachilengedwe, chisanu ndi anthu omwe amawona mileme ngati chinthu choyipa.
Njati
Ng'ombe iyi ndi nyama yayikulu kwambiri ku Eurasia. Ndikutalika kwa thupi pafupifupi mamitala atatu, chinyama chimalemera makilogalamu 400-800. Nazale yoyamba yoswana njati ku Russia idakhazikitsidwa zaka za m'ma 50 zapitazo. Pofika zaka za m'ma 2000, njati zakhala zitasamukira kumalo osungira nyama.
Kutchire, anthu osapulumuka adapulumuka ku Caucasus. Apa njati zimadya msanga, osakhala ndi nthawi yotafuna udzu, chifukwa nyama zolusa zimatha kuukira. Atameza ma kilogalamu aubweya wobiriwira, nyamazo zimabisala m'makona obisalamo, ndikubwezeretsanso udzu ndikutafuna pa bwalo lachiwiri.
Mphaka wamtchire wa ku Caucasus
Amapezeka ku Chechnya, Krasnodar Territory, Adygea. Nyama imakonda denga la nkhalango zowuma. Pansi pake, nyamayo imawoneka ngati mphaka wamba wamba, wokulirapo komanso wolimba kuposa ambiri. Anthu ena amalemera makilogalamu 10.
Mphaka wa ku Caucasus amakonda nkhalango za namwali, koma nthawi zina zimayendayenda kwa anthu, ndikukhazikika m'zipinda zamanyumba awo ndikuswana ndevu zapakhomo. Izi zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwakanthawi kale. Kuchokera m'maukwati osakanikirana, mawonekedwe atsopano amapezeka, koma a Caucasian samapitilira.
Manchu zokor
Amakhala m'malire a Primorsky Territory ndi PRC. Pali chigwa cha Khanka. Mitundu 4 ya makoswe imakhala mmenemo mosiyana. Chiwerengerocho chikuchepa chifukwa chakulima koyenera kuti zokor zizikhala. Chiwerengero cha anthu "chimasokonezedwanso" ndi ntchito zochepa zobereka.
Pali ana awiri okha pachaka. Kawirikawiri 1-2 amapulumuka. Kunja, nyama yamtundu wa hamsters imawoneka ngati mole, pafupifupi mwakhungu, imavala zikhadabo zazitali pamapazi ake akutsogolo. Izi ndichifukwa cha moyo wapansi panthaka.
Pamwambapa, zokokazo zimangotsala milu yozungulira yadziko lapansi. Makamaka achinyamata amatuluka pamwamba pake. Apa iye ali ndi mphukira zobiriwira. Akuluakulu amadziwika kwambiri ndi nyongolotsi ndi tizilombo.
Nyama zotchedwa sea otter
Amakhala m'mbali mwa nyanja ya Pacific Ocean, amadziwika ngati ma mustelids. Mitunduyi imatchedwa otters a m'nyanja. 3% ya matupi awo amawerengedwa ndi impso, zomwe zasintha ndikupanga madzi amchere. Chifukwa chake, otter am'madzi samataya nthawi kufunafuna madzi abwino.
Mosiyana ndi anamgumi ndi pinnipeds, otters a m'nyanja alibe minofu ya adipose. Ndikofunikira kuthawa kuzizira chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ubweya. Pali tsitsi 45,000 pa sentimita imodzi yanyama yanyama.
Ndizosangalatsanso kuti otters am'nyanja amakhala ndi mafupa ofiira. Amakhala ndi utoto ndi mitundu ya nkhuku zam'nyanja, chakudya chomwe amakonda kwambiri ma otter anyanja. Chotupa cha otter chimatsegulidwa ndi miyala yakuthwa. Ngati mumakhulupirira chiphunzitso choti zamoyo zinachita kusanduka kuchokera ku zinyama, otters a m'nyanja amatha kugwiritsa ntchito zida zawo zachitsulo.
Zimangotenga nthawi, ndipo nyama zilibe. Chiwerengero cha otters chikuchepa kwambiri. Ubweya wandiweyani wa zinyama sizongokonda kwawo kokha. Kuphatikiza apo, otter am'nyanja ndi ochezeka kwambiri kwa anthu, samawawona ngati adani. Izi zimapangitsa kusaka kosavuta.
Kulan
Amakhala kumadzulo kwa Siberia komanso kumwera kwa Trans-Baikal Territory. Nyamayo ndi ya abulu amtchire ndipo ndi yofanana ndi mbidzi. Maonekedwe a ungulates amasiyanasiyana kutengera komwe akukhala. M'mapiri, kulans idakhala yolimba. Kumapiri, nyama zinadzazungulira, zikuwoneka ngati mahatchi kuposa abulu.
Kulans ndi othamanga kwambiri, akuthamangira mpaka makilomita 65 pa ola limodzi, kupitiliza liwiro ili kwa mphindi 30. Patangotha sabata kuchokera kubadwa, abulu amayenda makilomita 40 pa ola limodzi.
Apo ayi, musathawe adani. Omalizawa amangopeza okalamba ndi makanda okha. Akulani adalephera kuthawa mwamunthu yekha. Kuthengo, abulu adawonongedwa. Anthu onse odziwika amakhala kumalo osungira nyama komanso malo otetezedwa.
Nkhandwe Yofiira
Ali ndi mano ochepa poyerekeza ndi mimbulu ina. Chovala chanyama chikuwoneka ngati nkhandwe. Nyamayo idafotokozedwa koyamba ndi Kipling. Kumbukirani buku lake lotchedwa The Jungle Book.Komabe, nkhandwe yofiira sikuti imangokhala m'nkhalango zokha, komanso m'malo otseguka achi Russia. Apa, mu 2005, ndalama zasiliva zosungidwa ndi chithunzi cha Red Book zidatulutsidwa.
Mmbulu wofiira, mwa njira, ukhoza kugwira kulan. Chilombocho chimathamanga mpaka makilomita 58 pa ola limodzi. Nthawi yomweyo, mimbulu imatha kudumpha mita 6, sawopa madzi achisanu. Komabe, imvi za subspecies zotuwa ndizamphamvu kwambiri komanso zamphamvu kuposa zofiira. Kutulutsa mpikisano, chifukwa chake, mwina, mimbulu yofiira ikufa.
Nkhosa zazikulu
Amakhala ku Chukotka, amasiyana ndi nkhosa zina zamtundu wina. Tsitsi labuluu-imvi ndi loyera limasinthasintha. Mphuno ya nyama ndi yoyera. Pali mitu yotereyi kuyambira 3 mpaka 5 m'gulu. Nkhosa zazikuluzikulu zatsala pang'ono kutha, osati kokha chifukwa cha kuwombera, komanso chizolowezi cha malo "anyumba".
Buku Lofiira silikufuna kusiya msipu wake wokondedwa, ngakhale atamangidwa ndi munthu. Kalelo m'ma 1990, nkhosazo zinali zodzaza, ndipo tsopano zikuchepa.
Nyalugwe Wakum'mawa
Nyama iyi singamwe. Chinyezi chokwanira kuchokera pachakudya. Chilombocho chimakoka mphamvu kuchokera pamenepo, ndikukokera nyama yake kumitengo. Nyama ndi yotetezeka kumeneko. Mwanjira imeneyi, nyalugwe Wakum'maŵa Kutali amatha kukoka nyama zolemera katatu kuposa zolengedwa zolusa zomwe zili panthambi.
Kambuku amatsata mawonekedwe a anthu m'gawo lake. Ichi ndi chowiringula kuchoka m'derali kwamuyaya. Chifukwa chake nyama zimathamanga kuchokera pamfundo kupita kumalo, osapezanso malo amwali. Kubereka kumakhala kopanda tanthauzo.
Mphaka wa Pallas
Mphaka wamtchireyu amakhala ndi makutu ozungulira okhala ndi maburashi otulutsa tsitsi. Kusiyana kwina ndi mwana wozungulira. Chifukwa cha iye, maso amphaka amafanana ndi anthu. Mphaka wa Pallas ndi wofanana ndi masharubu apakhomo, koma zikhomo za nyamazo zimakhala zolimba komanso zolimba. Mphaka wa Pallas amakhala ku Transbaikalia. Asayansi atsimikiza kuti mitundu ya padziko lapansi ili kale zaka 12,000,000. Zimakhala zokhumudwitsa kwambiri ngati mphaka wamtchire amathawa padziko lapansi.
Walrus
Tikulankhula za subspecies za Atlantic za nyama. Yaikulu komanso yopachika, ndiyamtendere mwachilengedwe, imakonda kutentha padzuwa. Pofuna kukhala padzuwa, walrus amafunika kukokera nyama yake kumtunda. Nyamayo imakoka kulemera kwake ndi mano ake, ndikuyendetsa m'nyanja yam'mphepete mwa nyanja, ngati zida zokwera.
Atagona padzuwa kwa maola angapo, Red Book imasanduka yofiira. Uku sikutentha, koma zotsatira zakukula kwa ma capillaries amwazi. Walruses samawopa kuwala kwa ultraviolet, koma mafuta omwe amatayika, kuipitsa madzi am'mbali mwa nyanja komanso kusungunuka kwa madzi oundana.
Woyendetsa ku Japan
Ichi ndi chowombera kuchokera ku Primorsky Krai. Nyamayo imalemera magalamu 40 ndikufika mainchesi 15. Mphuno yopapatiza, maso akhungu ndi miyendo yayitali ndi zikhadabo-mafosholo amapereka mole mu Red Book.
Anthu ake akuopsezedwa ndi moto, kukhazikitsidwa kwa "magawo" wamba. Mitunduyo ikasowa, asayansi sangathe kuyiphunzira. Pakadali pano, zowona zodziwika za Moger, chifukwa nyama zikusunthira kutali ndi malingaliro a akatswiri azinyama mobisa.
Narwhal
Amatchedwanso unicorn. Chilombo "chopeka" sichikhala pamtunda, koma m'madzi a Atlantic ndi Arctic Ocean. Nyamayi ndi ya anamgumi okhala ndi mano, imalemera tani imodzi, ndipo imatha kutalika mamita 6.
Narwhal ili ndi dzino limodzi, lotuluka pakamwa mpaka pano kuti likhale ngati nyanga yopota, kapena piki. Nyamayo imayika nyama. Anthu adatsikira ku 30,000. Amagawidwa pakati pa gulu la anamgumi 6-8. Anthu amawapha ndi nyama. Mwa nyama zolusa zam'nyanja, ma narwhal amasakidwa ndi anangumi opha komanso zimbalangondo.
Wolemba wachi Russia
Desman adaphunzira kutulutsa musk ndikupaka malaya ake aubweya nawo. Chifukwa chake ubweya wa desman umakhala wopanda madzi, chifukwa nyamayo imakhala pafupi ndi madzi, ndikupanga mabowo m'mabanki. Akadumpha, desman amapeza mphutsi ndi algae.
Desman amwalira chifukwa chakutuluka kwamadzi nthawi yozizira, mabowo osefukira. Popanda pogona, Red Book ndi nyama yosavuta ya nkhandwe, mink ndi mbalame zodya nyama. Mwamtendere, desman amakhala ndi ma beavers okha. Ndi iwo, Red Book imatha kugawana mabowo, kuyenda.
Mphalapala
Nyama imeneyi ili ndi ziboda zapadera. M'nyengo yotentha amakhala ofewa, ngati siponji. Izi zimathandiza kuyendayenda m'malo osungunuka. M'nyengo yozizira, pansi pa ziboda zimayenda bwino. Ndi thandizo lake, mphalapala imagwera m'madzi oundana, ngati madzi oundana.
Kusiyana kwina pakati pa mphalapala ndi ena ndi mphalapala. Amuna ndi akazi omwe amakhala nawo. Oyamba adataya zipewa zawo kumayambiriro kwa dzinja. Chifukwa chake kumaliza kwake: Santa Claus amamangirira mphalapala yake. Amavala nyanga pafupifupi mpaka masika.
Otter wa ku Caucasus
Ndi ya ma ndevu, amafika masentimita 70 m'litali, ili ndi mchira wautali komanso wolimba. Zimathandiza otter kusambira. Amapanga nyamayi usiku. Masana, nyamayo imakonda kugona.
Moyo wamabanja wa otter umalankhula zowopseza anthu. M'mikhalidwe yabwino, amakhala osungulumwa. Pamodzi, zinyama zimasonkhana pamodzi kuti zithandizane panthawi yamavuto.
Mkango wanyanja
Ichi ndiye chisindikizo chachikulu kwambiri. Mumakhala Kuriles ndi Commander Islands. Apa, mitembo, kutalika kwa 3 mita ndikulemera pafupifupi 800 kilos, imapuma pamiyala, kusaka ndi kuswana. Wamwamuna mmodzi amapanga manyowa azimayi angapo. Ulemu umakhala wamphamvu kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, mikango yam'nyanja ikulimbana ndi ufulu wosiya ana.
Asayansi akuwona zifukwa zakutayika kwa mkango wam'nyanja 3. Choyamba ndi zachilengedwe. Yachiwiri ikugwira hering'i ndi pollock. Ichi ndiye chakudya chomwe amakonda ku Red Books. Chifukwa chachitatu chavuto ndi anamgumi opha. M'mbuyomu, mikango yam'nyanja sinaphatikizidwe pazakudya zawo, koma kumapeto kwa zaka zana zinthu zidasintha. Tsopano anamgumi akupha mwachifundo akuwononga Red Book chirombo.
Chipale cha Chipale
Nyalugwe samangodumpha mita 6 m'litali, komanso amapindula mamita 3 kutalika. Malo okhala amphaka amagwirizananso ndi kutalika. Amakwirira mamita 6,000 pamwamba pa nyanja. Nthawi zonse kumakhala chipale chofewa, momwe ubweya woyera wa Red Book umaphatikizira.
Kunja, nyalugwe amafanana ndi kambuku woyera, koma sadziwa momwe angathere. Kapangidwe ka kholingo kanyama kameneka. Makamaka kapangidwe kake. Mapazi ambiri amasunga amphaka m'chipale chofewa chofewa. Koma nyalugwe sangakhale "woyandama", chifukwa nyama zosaka nyama moperewera zimafunikira ubweya wake.
Mbalame za Red Book of Russia
Phala la Yankovsky
Mbalame zimakhala za odutsa. Pali oatmeal wambiri, koma mitundu ya Jankowski ili ndi chizindikiro chofiirira pamimba. Mbalame yanyimbo imanena ngati "tsik-tsik". Mbalameyi siinaphunzirepo kwenikweni moti ngakhale mazirawo sanatchulidwepo ndi asayansi. Mwina mtunduwo wabisika bwino, kapena ndiwocheperako ndipo umafuna chitetezo.
Mbalame ya Avdotka
Nyama yayitali-miyendo iyi ndiothamanga kwambiri, yosasunthika ndi mchira wa 25 cm. Imakhala ndi theka la kutalika kwa thupi la avdotka. Asayansi sagwirizana pankhani ya makolo ake.
Theka lake amati mbalamezi ndi mbalame zam'madzi, ndipo theka linalo limatcha mbalamezi. Avdotka amakhala kumapiri atchire. Mbalameyi imakonda kusungulumwa. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazitetezo. Chenjezo la avdotka, mwa njira, ndiye chifukwa chophunzirira bwino mitunduyo.
Mtsinje wakuda wakuda
Ichi ndi cholankhulira chokhala ndi nthenga. Ndi mawu okweza, mbalameyo imalira, kapena kukuwa, kapena kuseka. Matengowo amafanana ndi kukula kwa nyama. Kutalika kwa thupi la loon ndi 70 sentimita.
Mapiko ake ndiopitilira mita. Kulemera kwake kwa mbalame sikupitirira makilogalamu 3.5. Kodi ikugwirizana bwanji ndi kukula kwake kodabwitsa? Mafupa a nthenga ndi obowola kuchokera mkati, apo ayi chinyama sichingathe kuwuluka.
Saker Falcon
Mbalame yochokera kubanja la mphamba imakhala yosungulumwa mwachilengedwe. Kutalika, nthenga imafika masentimita 60, ndipo imalemera 1.5 kilos. Ku Russia, amapezeka kumwera kwa Siberia ndi Transbaikalia. Saker Falcons amatha kulumikizana pokhapokha kuti abereke. Anapiye akangosiya chisa, awiriwo amaswa. Kukhulupirika kwa Mbalame ya Chinsansa sikungatheke.
Kusungulumwa kwa munthu wam nthenga kumatanthauza kukhala nacho. Iwo ndi akulu ndipo ayenera kukhala anamwali. Ma Saker Falcons alibe madera oyera okwanira. Ichi ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chakuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa anthu.
Albatross yoyera kumbuyo
Albatross amatanthauzira kuchokera ku Chiarabu ngati "osamukira". Mbalame imadumphira m'madzi pofuna nsomba. Mbalameyi ndi yaikulu kwambiri. Mtundu wa nthiwatiwa za m'madzi zimakhala ndi korona wachikaso komanso mizere yofiirira pamapiko ndi mchira.
Kuchuluka kwa nyama yokoma pansi pa nthenga ndichimodzi mwazifukwa zowononga albatross. M'zaka 100 zapitazi, anthu 300 anali kuwomberedwa tsiku lililonse. Tsopano kusaka ndikoletsedwa, koma anthu awola kwambiri.
Chokhotakhota
Mkazi wamanyanjayu wamanyazi amakhala wa banja la mbalame zam'madzi. Ku Russia, amapezeka ku Ussuriysk Territory ndi Kamchatka. Mbalameyi ndi yayitali kwambiri. Mlomo woonda komanso wakuthwa umaonekera. Ndi mbalameyi imagwira nsomba zing'onozing'ono m'madzi. Miyendo yayitali komanso yopyapyala imathandizira kuyenda pafupi ndi gombe ndikuthamanga mwachangu. Thupi la spindle limakulanso, loyera ndi nthenga za beige.
Ndikosavuta kuwombera zingwe zopangira zingwe mukakhala mazira. Mbalamezi zimateteza mazirawo mwakhama kwambiri moti zimaulukira kwa anthu omwe akuyandikirawo. Kalanga, ndipamene makolo osapambana amakumana ndi imfa.
Chiwombankhanga cha pinki
Ndi kukula kwakukulu, imatha kukwera mpaka mamita 3000. Mapiko a mbalameyi ndi pafupifupi masentimita 300. Ku Russia, mbalame mumatha kuziona pa Nyanja ya Manych zokha. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa malo osungira phula a Kalmykia. Akatswiri ofufuza nthaka amaganiza kuti nyanjayi ndi yotsalira ya nyanja yakale yotchedwa Tethys.
Kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, vuwo amadya nsomba pafupifupi makilogalamu 200. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yogona ku Manych, opachika pamtanda amawopa. Kudziwa kuthekera kwa nkhanga kusaka pagulu ndizopatsa chidwi. Mbalame zina zimathamangitsira nyama zawo kwa ena, kuzungulira nsomba. Kugwirizana kumathandiza mbalame kupulumuka.
Wopanda
Mbalameyi ilibe thukuta la thukuta, chifukwa chake kutentha kumangogona, kutambasula mapiko awo ndikutsegula milomo yawo. Izi zimalimbikitsa kutulutsa kutentha m'thupi. Bustard analibe mwayi ndi mafuta othira mapiko. Sanapezeke. Chifukwa chake, mapiko a mbalamezi amanyowa ndi mvula ndi ayezi kuzizira. Mitunduyi sichimasinthidwa kukhala malo okhala, ndichifukwa chake imavutika
Chimandarini bakha
Bakha ameneyu amalemera magalamu 500-700 ndipo amakhala mumitengo. Amuna amtunduwu ndi okongola komanso osisima, amakana kununkhiza. Menyu ya tangerine ndiyosangalatsanso. Amadya zipatso zamitengo pamodzi ndi achule. Kuphatikiza pa kudya, asayansi samvetsa zifukwa zomwe anthu achepera. Bakha a Chimandarini amasungidwa m'mapaki koma amatha kuthengo.
Kukhazikika
Mbalameyi imaswa malembedwe pakati pa mbalame zam'madzi kutalika kwa mwendo. Amakhalanso pinki. Mutha kuwona mbalame zakutchire pa Don, ku Transbaikalia ndi Primorye. Kumeneko sitimayo idatenga zokongola kunyanja zamchere. Pamiyendo yake yayitali, mbalameyo imapita kutali m'madzi awo, ndikupha komweko kuti ipeze nsomba.
Poyesera kutalika, Buku Lofiira linaphunzira kuyenda pamwamba. Chifukwa chake, mbalame imapezeka mosavuta ndi mayendedwe ake achilendo mumchenga. Mwamuna samawombera kwambiri mchenga koma amachepetsa malo ake. Ichi ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chotsika kwa anthu okhazikika.
Zokwawa za Red Book of Russia
Buluzi Przewalski
Buluzi wamasentimita khumi amapezeka kumalire ndi China. Kwa PRC, nyamayo ndiyofala, koma ku Russia ndiyosakwatiwa. Nyamayo imathawa mumchenga kuchokera kwa adani ake. Chifukwa chake, a FMD amayesa kukhala m'nthaka yamchenga, m'chipululu komanso m'mapiri.
Viper ya Dinnik
Mwa mitundu iyi, akazi ndi akulu kuposa amuna, omwe amafika masentimita 55. Kumbali, njokayo ndi yakuda, ndipo pamwamba pake imatha kukhala yonyezimira, yachikaso kapena lalanje. Mutha kukumana ndi njoka ya Dinnikov ku Stavropol ndi Krasnodar Territories.
Chokwawa chimasankha mapiri, kukwera mpaka 3000 mita pamwamba pa nyanja. Ndikofunika kufunafuna njoka m'mawa kapena madzulo. Chokwawa sichilola kutentha, chimakwawa kutuluka nthawi yozizira.
Squeaky nalimata
Buluziyu amakhala ndi mamba ya misinkhu yosiyanasiyana. Pamutu ndi m'khosi, ali, mwachitsanzo, kukula kwa mchenga, ndi thupi lolimba. Mutha kuwawona m'mapululu. Ndi pano pomwe Red Book imakhala. Imagwira usiku kapena, monga njoka ya Dinnik, nyengo yamvula.
Njoka yamphaka
Ku Russia, amapezeka mu Nyanja ya Caspian yokha. Njoka imvi yokhala ndi mawanga akuda kumbuyo kwake imagwira ntchito usiku. Pakadali pano, reptile imatha kukwawa pamtunda wowoneka bwino, tchire ndi mitengo, ikulendewera panthambi. Makoswe, anapiye, abuluzi amagwera pakamwa pa njoka yamphaka. Chokwawa chimadwala munthu. Amatha mitundu yonseyo mofanana ndi mphiri.
Kum'mawa chakum'mawa
Amapezeka pachilumba cha Kunashir chokha. Apa, zokwawa zakhazikika pafupi ndi akasupe otentha ndi ma geys. Buluzi amakonda kutentha kwawo. Buluziyu amafika kutalika kwa masentimita 18. Nyama ili ndi mchira wowala wabuluu ndi mikwingwirima yakuda m'mbali.
Apa ndipomwe chidziwitso cha akatswiri a zoo sichitha. Skinks ndizosowa ku Russia kotero kuti mawonekedwe oswana sanakhazikitsidwe. Abuluzi omwe apangidwa kale amabadwa, kapena mazira okha. Sizikudziwikanso ngati ma skinks amasamala za ana awo. Mwachitsanzo, ma subspecies aku America amachita izi.
Gyurza
Njoka ndi yakupha, ya njoka. Mwa omaliza, gyurza ndi chimphona. Ku Russia, Red Book limapezeka ku Transcaucasus. Apa mutha kusiyanitsa njoka osati kukula kwake kokha, komanso ndi kamvekedwe kake kofiirira.
Nthawi yosaka gyurza siyidalira nthawi yamasana ndi nyengo. Ponena za malo okhala, nyama imakhalanso paliponse, zimachitika m'mapiri, m'mapiri, komanso m'nkhalango. Mutha kupumula nthawi yozizira.
Pakadali pano, nyamazi zimakwera m'mabowo ndipo sizimatulutsa mphuno zake. Pokhala njoka yoopsa kwambiri ku Russia, gyurza ikuwonongedwa ndi anthu. Kuletsa kwa Red Book sikuwayimitsa. Kuopa miyoyo yawo ndikolimba.
Mimbulu ya Red Book of Russia
Motley Aphrodite
Ndi nyongolotsi yam'nyanja yokhala ndi thupi lozungulira. Nyama yakumbuyo imakhala yotakasuka, ndipo pamimba pamakhala mosalala. Mutha kukumana mu Nyanja ya Japan. Zakutali zakomwe zidapangidwa pano. Ndikosavuta kuzindikira nyongolotsi, imafikira masentimita 13 m'litali ndi 6 m'lifupi.
Zheleznyak
Nyongolotsi yayikulu imafikira masentimita 24 m'litali ndi milimita 10 makulidwe. Nyamayo imadzaza dothi ladothi, momwe limamira mpaka kuya kwa 34 mita. Miyala yachitsulo imatha kutha kufika nthawi yadzinja pofunafuna chinyezi.
Chaetopterus wokwezedwa
Imafikira masentimita 15 m'litali ndi 1.5 m'lifupi. Thupi la nyongolotsi liri ndi magawo atatu okhala ndi magawo osiyanasiyana. Ku Russia, a Chaetopterus amakhala ku Sakhalin, m'nthaka ya mchenga. Pakadali pano, zomwe apezazi ndizosowa.
M'madera otentha, nyongolotsi imakhala yofala. Chifukwa chake kupezeka kwa nyama zambiri mu Red Book of Russia ndikochepa. Ena, m'malo mwake, amangokhala m'malo opumulirako ngakhale pano mwachidwi.
