Kubwerera mu 67 ya zaka zana zapitazo, kunali zipembere zoposa zikwi khumi ndi zitatu mu Africa mokha. Tsopano kuthengo adatha. Mitundu yochepa yokha yomwe imakhala m'malo otetezedwa amitundu.
Nyanga za zipembere ndizofunika kwambiri, chifukwa chake adaphedwa mwankhanza, ndikuponyera mazana a matupi omwe anali atakhala kale osafunikira. Mankhwala azam'mawa awapeza kuti agwiritse ntchito, ndikupanga zida zosiyanasiyana zaunyamata komanso moyo wautali. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali pantchito yawo. Mitundu yambiri yaku Africa idanenedwa nyanga ya chipembere ngakhale zina zamatsenga.
Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Zipembere zimakhala mdziko la Africa ku Republic of the Congo, kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Sudan, kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Zaire, kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Angola, madera a Mozambique ndi Zimbabwe, kum'mawa kwa Namibia.
Chipembere cha ku India
Asayansi amagawa zipembere zokhala mu Africa kukhala mitundu iwiri - yoyera ndi yakuda. M'malo mwake, palibe kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pawo, ndipo utoto wawo umadalira mtundu wa dothi lomwe agweramo.
Dziko la Asia limakhala ndi zipembere za ku India, Javanese ndi Sumatran. Amakonda malo athyathyathya, koma onetsetsani kuti muli ndi madzi pafupi. Nthawi zina zipembere zimapezekanso m'madambo.
Zipembere, osati artiodactyls, nyama, ndiye nyama yachiwiri yayikulu kwambiri. Amalemera pafupifupi matani awiri ndi theka kapena atatu. Kutalika kwake kumakhala pafupifupi mita zitatu, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi mita imodzi ndi theka.
Kusiyana pang'ono pakati pa zipembere ndikuti milomo yakuda yakumtunda imagwa pakona kumapeto ndikupachika. Khalani ndi Moyo wakuda zipembere mmadera momwe muli mitengo yambiri ndi tchire. Ndipo azungu, m'malo mwake, amakhala komwe kuli udzu wambiri. Zipembere zaku Asia amafunafuna chithaphwi chokulira kwambiri ndikukhala kumeneko kwamuyaya.
Chipembere - iyi ndi nyanga yake yayikulu, ngakhale iwiri, ndipo nthawi zina itatu, koma imodzi yokha yayikulu, yovuta kwambiri. Sili ndi minofu ya mafupa, koma ya khungu ndi tsitsi logogoda kwambiri, lofanana ndi lomwe limapanga ziboda za nyama. Kapangidwe kake ndi kolimba kwambiri komanso chida champhamvu.
Nyanga, yomwe ili kumapeto kwa mphuno, ndi yayikulu kwambiri, imatha kutalika kwa theka la mita, ndipo m'munsi mwake ndi yozungulira kapena yopangidwa ndi trapezoid. Chipembere cha ku Asia chili ndi nyanga imodzi yokha, ngati china chake chalakwika ndikuphwanya, palibe chowopsa, chimakula chatsopano.
Cholinga cha nyanga za zipembedzazi makamaka ndichakudya, kuzipyola mu zitsamba zowirira ndi nthambi za mitengo. Pang'ono - pofuna kutetezedwa, chifukwa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamutu waukulu komanso pamiyendo yomwe nyama imaponda mu nthaka ya mdani.
Mawonekedwe a mutu wa chipembere ndi amakona anayi, ozungulira. Makutuwo ndi ataliatali, chinyama chimatha kuzizungulira mosiyanasiyana. Pakhosi pali khola lalikulu lamafuta ngati hump.
Chipembere cha Sumatran
Miyendo yawo ndi yamphamvu komanso yopindidwa moyenera, ndipo pa miyendo ya chipembere pali zala zazikulu zitatu, ndipo iliyonse ili ndi ziboda. Mchira wa chipembere ndi wochepa ndi ngayaye kumapeto kwake, kofanana ndi nkhumba.
Kuganizira chipembere zikuwoneka kuti thupi lake silophimbidwa ndi khungu, koma ndi kokai china zbrue, zopindidwa ngati makalata achitsulo amateteza thupi la nyama yoyamwa. Khungu la chipembere ndi losadutsika, chifukwa makulidwe ake amakhala pafupifupi masentimita asanu ndi awiri.
Zipembere sizowona, sawona chilichonse kupyola mphuno zawo. Koma amamva bwino ndikumva fungo lakutali.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa chipembere
Zipembere zachimuna nthawi zonse zimakhala zokhazokha, ndipo kumbukirani za azimayi okha nthawi yokwatirana. Akazi, monga amayi osamalira, amakhala ndi ana awo.
Popeza zipembere sizimasamukira kulikonse, ndipo zimakhala mderalo kamodzi kwatha, choncho amasankha malowo mosamala kwambiri. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti pakhale akasupe amadzi pafupi.
Zipembere sizifunikira madzi okha, komanso dothi m'mbali mwa nyanja. Nyama imatha kufika pachinyontho chopatsa moyo, choyenda mtunda wamakilomita ambiri. Ndipo nditafika kale, idzagwa m'matope, ndimatsuka khungu langa lonyansa la tiziromboti.
Nyama imafunikanso dothi kuti ipulumuke padzuwa lotentha, chifukwa ngakhale khungu limakhala lolimba, limapsa msanga kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, chipembere cha ku Asia chimakhala m'madzi nthawi zonse nyengo yotentha, mosiyana ndi ku Africa.
Ngakhale kuchokera ku tiziromboti ta khungu ndi nkhupakupa, nyama zimapulumutsidwa ndi mbalame - njati za njati. Amakhala molunjika kumbuyo kwa chipembere, nthawi zonse kutsatira "bwenzi lawo lalikulu".
Nyama zikuluzikuluzi zimagwira ntchito makamaka usiku, masana zimagona m'madzi ndi m'matope, zimagona, ndipo dzuwa litalowa zimapita kukafunafuna chakudya.
Ndi kusawona bwino, chipemberecho, kuti chisasochere, chimasiya zipsera zina zonunkhira ponseponse (uku ndi zinyalala zake). Chifukwa chake, kutsatira kununkhiza kwawo, chinyama sichidzatayika ndipo sichidzataya nyumba yake.
Chipembere cha ku Africa
Chikhalidwe cha zipembere sichimenyana. Ndipo ngati chinyama sichikwiya, sichidzabwera kaye. Amagwirizana bwino ndi nyama zoyandikana, osagawana gawo lawo. Koma mkaziyo akakhala ndi mwana wamng'ono, ndiye kuti amakhala wokonda chilichonse chomwe chikuyandikira, kuwawona ngati adani.
Zipembere zimawoneka zazikulu, zosakhazikika komanso zosamveka, koma uku ndikumvetsetsa molakwika za iwo. Zowonadi, ngati kuli kofunika, imatha kuthamanga kuti liwiro lake lifike makilomita makumi anayi pa ola limodzi!
Zakudya zabwino
Ndizovuta kukhulupirira, koma nyama siyofunikira konse kudyetsa chilombo chachikulu. Zakudya zawo ndi zakudya zamasamba zokha. Komanso, zipembere zoyera zimadyetsa udzu kwambiri, chifukwa milomo yawo imapinda - chapamwamba ndi chachitali komanso chosalala.
Chifukwa chake, amadyera masamba ngati ng'ombe. Koma mu zipembere zakuda, mlomo wapamwamba umachepetsa ndikuloza, ndipo mothandizidwa nawo, nyamayo imang'amba masamba a nthambi mosavuta.
Zitsamba zazing'ono ndi zitsamba zazikulu za udzu waminga zimadulidwa ndi nyama zaku Africa kuyambira pamzu ndikuzitafuna popanda zovuta. Ndipo panali zochitika pamene zipembere zimasochera m'minda yafamu, ndiye vuto lenileni lidachitika chifukwa adadya chilichonse chomwe chingadyedwe, kupondereza otsalawo, kusiya zotsalira zonse.
Chipembere chachikazi chakuda (Diceros bicornis) chokhala ndi mwana wa ng'ombe wamasiku awiri
Kuti thupi likwaniritse, nyama imafunika kudya udzu osachepera kilogalamu makumi asanu ndi awiri. Ali ndi matumbo olimba kotero kuti ngakhale kudya mkaka woopsa, sikunakhudze thanzi la nyama mwanjira iliyonse.
Madzi amatenganso gawo lofunikira mthupi la ngwaziyo. Nthawi yotentha, amafunika kumwa madzi opitilira malita zana ndi makumi asanu patsiku. Ngati nyengo ili yabwino, ndiye kuti osachepera malita makumi asanu amadzi nyama chipembere ndiyenera kumwa.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Monga tikudziwira kale, zipembere zimakhala pawiri, koma osati yamwamuna yokhala ndi mkazi. Mgwirizano wolimba umapangidwa pakati pa mayi ndi mwana. Ndipo amuna amakhala okhaokha kwaokha mpaka nyengo ya kukwatira itakwana.
Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika mchaka, koma osati zokha. M'miyezi yakugwa, zipembere zimakondanso kusilira. Amuna mwachangu amapeza chachikazi ndi fungo la chimbudzi chake, koma ngati mwadzidzidzi zikumana ndi mnzake panjira, ndiye kuti wina ayenera kuyembekezera kulimbana koopsa pakati pawo.
Nyamazo zidzamenya nkhondo mpaka imodzi itagwa pansi ndi thupi lonse. Ana nawonso ali pangozi, chifukwa amatha kuponderezedwa mwangozi. Zinachitikanso kuti ndewu zinatha pomwalira m'modzi mwa omenyerawo.
Kenako, kwa masiku pafupifupi makumi awiri, okondanawo azikondana, azitsogolera limodzi, kukonzekera kukwatirana. Kugonana kumodzi mu zipembere kumatha kupitilira ola limodzi.
Chipembere cha Javan
Pambuyo pake, mwamunayo amachoka kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo mwina kwamuyaya, mayi wake wamtima. Mtsikanayo amapita patchuthi cha umayi kwa miyezi khumi ndi isanu ndi umodzi.
Nthawi zambiri chipembere chachikazi chimabereka mwana m'modzi, makamaka kawiri. Mwanayo akulemera makilogalamu makumi asanu, ali ndi mphamvu zambiri, chifukwa patatha maola angapo amatsata amayi ake molimba mtima. Kwa miyezi 12-24, mayiyo amayamwitsa mwana mkaka wa m'mawere.
Nthawi yotsatira mwana azikhala zaka zitatu kapena zisanu zokha atabereka. Mwana wakale amachoka kukafunafuna nyumba yatsopano, kapena kulibe kwakanthawi ndi mayi mpaka mng'ono wake kapena mlongo wake waleredwa.
