Kufufuza nsomba zosowa komanso zowopsa
Dziko lapansi pansi pamadzi ndi lalikulu kwambiri komanso losiyanasiyana, koma anthu ena amafunika kuthandizidwa ndi kutetezedwa. Pachifukwa ichi, mchaka cha 48 cha zaka zapitazi, Red Book yapadziko lonse idapangidwa ndipo mu 1968 idasindikizidwa pang'ono.
Ndipo mu 1978 adalemba Red Book of Russia, lomwe limaphatikizapo mitundu yosawerengeka komanso yowopsa ya nyama, mbalame, nsomba, zokwawa, tizilombo ndi zomera. Kwalembedwa pamenepo momwe amatchulidwira, komwe amakhala, pazifukwa zomwe amasowa komanso momwe angawathandizire.
Zamoyo zonse zomwe zidaphatikizidwamo zidagawika m'magulu asanu. Yoyamba ndi mitundu yomwe ili pamavuto. Atatsala pang'ono kutha, kapena mwina atha kale.
Gulu lachiwiri limaphatikizapo mitundu, kuchuluka kwake kukucheperachepera. Ndipo ngati simukuchitapo kanthu kuti muwapulumutse, posachedwa adzatchedwa kuti akusowa.
Gulu lachitatu limaphatikizapo zamoyozi, zomwe kuchuluka kwake sikokulirapo. Iwo ndi osowa kwambiri ndipo amafuna kuti azisamalidwa mwapadera.
Mitundu m'gulu lachinayi mulibe anthu omwe sanaphunzire mokwanira. Palibe chidziwitso chochepa chokhudza iwo, atha kuopsezedwa kuti atha, koma palibe chitsimikiziro chenicheni cha izi.
Anthuwa, omwe kuchuluka kwawo, mothandizidwa ndi anthu, adachira. Koma, komabe, amafunikira chisamaliro chapadera ndi kuyang'aniridwa - ali mgulu lachisanu.
Pali mitundu yoposa mazana asanu ndi awiri yomwe ili pangozi padziko lonse lapansi nsomba zolembedwa mu Red Book, ndipo ku Russia alipo pafupifupi makumi asanu. Tiyeni tiwone nsomba zamtengo wapatali kwambiri, zosowa komanso zokopa maso.
Sterlet
Nsomba zamtunduwu zatsala pang'ono kutha chifukwa cha madzi owonongeka komanso kufunikira kwakukulu kwa ogula. Izi nsomba za Red Book, anakumana pa Volga, Kuban, Don, Dnieper, Ural mitsinje ndi Black Sea. Pakadali pano amapezeka pang'ono, koma ku Kuban osati ayi.
Sterletfish amakula mpaka ma kilogalamu awiri. Ndipo ili ndi mawonekedwe odabwitsa. Ngati mungaziimitse kwakanthawi kochepa, kenako ndikuponyera m'madzi, pang'onopang'ono zidzasungunuka ndikutsitsimutsidwa.
Mothandizidwa komanso kutenga nawo mbali kwa odzipereka komanso omenyera nyama zakutchire, kuchuluka kwawo kunayamba kukula. Amakonza anthu, kuyeretsa mitsinje. Akuyesetsa kuti mafakitale ndi mabungwe aleke kuthira zinyalala zonse zakampani m'madzi.
Sculpin wamba
Nsombazi ndi za m'gulu lachiwiri lazinthu zomwe zikuchepa. Malo ake ndi gawo la Europe la Russia ndi Western Siberia. Sculpin sikhala m'madzi akuda, ndipo chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa matupi amadzi, anthu ake akuchepa.
Ndi kansomba kakang'ono kokhala ndimutu wokulirapo komanso wopingasa. Masana, imakhala yosagwira ntchito, nthawi zambiri imabisala pansi pamiyala ndi ziboda, yomwe idadziwika nayo.
Kawiri wamba
Amakhala m'mitsinje yakum'mawa kwa Urals ndi Siberia, mu Nyanja ya Baikal ndi Teletskoye. Komanso ku Europe gawo la Russia. Nsombazi ndi za m'gulu loyamba la nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha.
Taimen, nsomba zamadzi oyera, zazikulu zazikulu. Kupatula apo, imakula mita imodzi ndikulemera zoposa makilogalamu makumi asanu. Madzi odetsedwa ndi kupha mwamphamvu kwakukulu kwawononga pafupifupi nsomba izi. M'malo omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa, pali zitsanzo zokha.
Kuyambira zaka mazana asanu ndi anayi zapitazo, ma taimen adaphatikizidwa mu Red Book, ndipo kuyambira nthawi yomweyo adayamba kugwira ntchito mwakhama kupulumutsa anthu awo. Pali maiwe ambiri opangira nsomba izi. Anatetezanso madera achilengedwe, momwe mulinso nsomba zochepa.
Bersch
Nsomboyi idalamulira kwanthawi yayitali m'mitsinje yamadzi akuya komanso nyanja zina. Magombe a Volga ndi Urals, Don ndi Terek, Sulak ndi Samur anali otchuka chifukwa cha malingaliro awo. Pafupipafupi, imapezeka m'madzi amchere a Nyanja Yakuda ndi Nyanja ya Caspian. Posachedwa, m'chigawo cha Russia, zimapezeka kawirikawiri, chifukwa chake zalembedwa mu Red Book.
Nsombayi ndi yayikulu kukula, kunja kofanana ndi pike perch ndi nsomba. Bursh ndi nyama zolusa mwachilengedwe, chifukwa zimangodya nsomba zokha. Osaka nyama mozemba ankasodza nsomba izi mochuluka ndi maukonde, ochuluka kwambiri.
Chifukwa chake, chiwerengero chake chidayamba kuchepa mwachangu. Kuphatikiza apo, kupanga mafakitale kwathandizira kwambiri. Kutsanulira zinyalala zako zonse m'mitsinje ndi m'nyanja. Masiku ano, kusodza ndi maukonde ndikoletsedwa. Amalimbananso ndi mabizinesi omwe amaipitsa mitsinje ndi nyanja.
Chikho chakuda
Nsomba yosowa kwambiri, ndi ya banja la carp. Mu Russia, amapezeka kokha m'madzi a Amur. Tsopano nsombazi ndizochepa kwambiri kotero kuti zili mgulu loyamba la Red Book.
Ma cupids akuda amakhala ndi zaka zopitilira khumi, ndipo kukhwima kwawo kumangoyambira mchaka chachisanu ndi chimodzi cha moyo. Anthu achikulire amakula kukula kuchokera kutalika kwa theka la mita ndikulemera makilogalamu 3-4. Amadziwika kuti ndi nyama zodya nyama, choncho zakudya zawo zambiri zimakhala ndi nsomba zazing'ono komanso nkhono.
Nsomba zofiirira
Nsomba zofiirira kapena zotchedwa mumtsinje. Popeza nsombayi imakhala m'mitsinje ndi m'mitsinje yosaya. Mitundu ina yake imapezekanso ku Baltic Sea.
Chiwerengero cha nsombazi chidayamba kuchepa, chifukwa adagwidwa mosalamulirika. Pakadali pano, ku Russian Federation, kuli malo onse otetezedwa kuti aswane.
Nyali yam'nyanja
Ndi wokhala m'madzi a Caspian, koma imapita kumitsinje kukaswana. Nayi mfundo yosangalatsa komanso yomvetsa chisoni yochokera ku moyo wamagetsi. Pakubereka, amuna amamanga zisa, ndikuziteteza mwachangu pomwe mkazi amayikira mazira. Ndipo kumapeto, onse amafa. Chiwerengero cha nsombazi ndi chochepa kwambiri, ndipo pali ochepa chabe ku Russia.
Iyi ndi mitundu yapadera ya nsomba. Amakhala aubweya wapadziko lapansi, opakidwa mawanga amabulo thupi lonse. Sizikudziwika bwinobwino kuti amawoneka bwanji, kaya njoka, kapena eel. Imakula pang'ono kupitirira mita imodzi ndikulemera 2 kg.
Khungu la nsombayo ndi losalala ndipo silimakutidwa konse ndi mamba. Adabwera kwa ife zaka mazana ambiri zapitazo, ndipo sanasinthe kuyambira pamenepo. Pofuna kuthandizira kuteteza mitundu yawo, ndikofunikira kupanga maiwe opangira kuswana kwawo.
Mpukutu wamphongo
Mitundu yawo yambiri imakhala kumpoto kwa America. Ndipo kokha mu zaka makumi asanu ndi anayi zapitazo, adawonekera koyamba m'madzi achi Russia. Amakhala m'madzi akuya kwambiri a Chukotka.
Nsombayi ndi yaying'ono ndipo imalemera magalamu osapitirira mazana awiri ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri. Chiwerengero cha nsombazi sichikudziwika. Mu Red Book, ndi gulu lachitatu la ulamuliro wapadera.
Wachinyamata waku Russia
Malo ake ndi mitsinje ikuluikulu monga Dnieper, Dniester, Southern Bug, Don, Volga. Nsombazi zimakhala m'masukulu, m'malo okhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu, chifukwa chake dzinali - msanga. Amasambira pafupifupi pamadzi, amadya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tosiyanasiyana.
Pofika zaka ziwiri, amakhala atakula. Pamsinkhu uwu, nsomba zimafikira masentimita asanu kukula kwake, ndipo kulemera kwake kumakhala pang'ono kuposa magalamu 6. Pakaswana, nsomba sizimasamukira kulikonse. Amaikira mazira pamiyala pomwepo.
Mpaka pano, kuchuluka kwa nsombazi sikudziwika. Ng'ombe zankhondo zaku Russia zidasankhidwa ngati nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha, zaka makumi atatu zapitazo.
Kuyera kwa Europe
Nsombazi zimakonda kukhala m'madzi oyera, ozizira amitsinje, nyanja ndi mitsinje. Amatchedwa choncho chifukwa ambiri amakhala m'malo aku Europe. Masiku ano, mtsinje wa grayling umasinthidwa kwambiri ndi moyo.
Amasiyana ndi nyanja komanso mitsinje chifukwa zimamera msinkhu, wocheperako polemera komanso kukula. Chiwerengero chake chatsika kwambiri m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi.
Sakhalin sturgeon
Mtundu wosowa kwambiri komanso wotsala pang'ono kutha. M'mbuyomu, nsomba iyi ndi chimphona chautali. Kupatula apo, zaka zopitilira makumi asanu za moyo wawo, adakula mpaka makilogalamu mazana awiri. M'nthawi yathu ino, ngakhale pali zoletsa zonse, osaka nyama mosalekeza saimitsa usodzi wawo, kugwira nsomba zazikulu kwambiri. Kuphatikiza pa nyama yawo yamtengo wapatali, caviar ndi yofunika kwambiri mu nsomba za sturgeon.
Masiku ano, nkhono zazikuluzikulu sizikula kwambiri. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa nsomba yayikulu sikuposa ma kilogalamu makumi asanu ndi limodzi, ndipo amakula mita 1.5-2 m'litali.
Kumbuyo ndi mbali za nsombazo kuli minga zomwe zimawateteza ku nsomba zolusa kwambiri. Ndipo pakamwa pake pamakhala ndevu, koma osati awiri, monga nsomba zamatope, koma anayi. Ndi chithandizo chawo, ma sturgeon amafufuza pansi.
Pakadali pano, mwatsoka, palibe anthu opitilira 1000. Pali njira imodzi yokha yopulumutsira nsombazi, ndiye kuti ndikuzikulitsa m'madziwe apadera. Koma ichi ndi chiyambi chochepa chabe. Ndikofunikira kuthandizira chilengedwe chawo, kutanthauzira malo otetezedwa.
Popeza mphalapala amapita kumitsinje kukaswana, ndipo kenako azaka zitatu kapena zinayi zoyambirira amakulira kumeneko. Ndikofunika kuyeretsa zinyalala, zipika, zinthu zoyengedwa kuchokera ku mafuta ndi mafakitale ena.
Funso, nsomba ziti zomwe zalembedwa mu Red Book, imakhala yotseguka. Chaka ndi chaka, atsopano ochulukirachulukira amawonjezerapo mayina ndi mafotokozedwe a nsomba. Ndipo ndikufuna kukhulupirira kuti si mitundu yokhayo yomwe yasowa kwamuyaya yomwe idzatheremo. Komanso nsomba, kuchuluka kwake kudzapulumutsidwa chifukwa cha njira zomwe zatetezedwa.
