Zachidziwikire, aliyense wa ife amadziwa zomwe Red Book ili. Ndikofunikira kwambiri pamunthu. Kutembenuza masamba ake, timapeza zambiri za nyama, mbalame, zokwawa zomwe zimafuna thandizo ndi chithandizo. Chifukwa iwo ali pafupi kutha. Ndipo chaka chilichonse pamakhala zamoyo zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha.
Pali mabungwe ambiri odzipereka komanso othandizira nyama omwe ali ofunitsitsa komanso angathe kuwathandiza. Koma zambiri zimatengera ife. Monga momwe tikudziwira, makamaka za nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha zomwe zimakhala mdera lathu.
Tiyerekeze kuti, takumana ndi njoka, ambiri a ife tiziwombera dzimbiri. Ndipo chinthu choyamba chomwe chimabwera m'maganizo ndi momwe mungamuphe. Ndipo kotero, umbuli wathu umadzipangitsa wokha kumverera. Kupatula apo, si onse omwe ali ndi poizoni. Ndipo omwe ali ndi poyizoni si onse ankhanza.
Potsatira malamulo ena amachitidwe, mutha kupewa mikangano ndi chokwawa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake, aliyense ayenera kudziwa njoka, mayina awo ndi mafotokozedwe awo, adalowa pa Ofiira buku.
Njoka ya Western boa
Western boa constrictors amakula pakatikati kukula, eyiti masentimita khumi. Ndi wa banja lamapazi abodza. Thupi la boa limadyetsedwa bwino, ndipo mchira wake ndiwosaoneka. Popeza ndi, ndi lalifupi komanso lotopetsa kumapeto.
Amadyetsa abuluzi, makoswe ndi mbewa, tizilombo tosiyanasiyana. Malo ake ndi madera akum'mawa a Ciscaucasia, Altai, Caspian steppes. Komanso pa chilumba cha Balkan, madera a Turkey.
Kujambula ndi njoka yaku Japan
Njoka yaku Japan, njoka iyi idapezeka koyamba ku Japan, sinaphunzirebe kwathunthu. Amakonda nyengo yofunda kwambiri, ndipo amakonda kukhala pafupi ndi mitsinje, osati kutali ndi mapiri.
Chifukwa chake, amakhala pazilumba za Kuril ndi Japan. Kutalika, imakula pang'ono kupitilira masentimita makumi asanu ndi awiri. Makumi asanu ndi limodzi mwa iwo ali kumchira. Ali ndi mwana wodziwika bwino, wozungulira.
Njokayo ndi yakuda kwambiri, koma ana ake ndi owala kwambiri. Njoka iyi imasaka anapiye, mazira a mbalame ndi makoswe. Pogwira nyama, imafinya nyama yake ndi minofu ya thupi.
Njoka ya Aesculapian
Njoka ya Aesculapian, yotchedwanso njoka ya Aesculapian. Ndiwosangalatsa kukula kwake, mpaka mita ziwiri ndi theka kutalika. Thupi lake ndi lofiirira-azitona. Koma mwa mawonekedwe awo, njoka za albino nthawi zambiri zimabadwa, ndi maso ofiira.
Zakudya zake zimaphatikizapo mbewa ndi makoswe. Nthawi zambiri zimayenda m'mitengo ndikuwononga zisa za mbalame. Kutuluka kukasaka, njoka ya Aesculapian imadya kuti idzagwiritsidwire ntchito mtsogolo, yomwe kwa pafupifupi sabata imadya chakudya m'mimba mwake.
Ndi chikhalidwe chake, munthu wankhanza. Nthawi yakumasirana, yaimuna ndi yaikazi imakonza zovina mosakanizirana, ndikudzimanga mbali zakumbuyo kwa matupi awo, ndikukweza kutsogolo.
Anali njoka iyi yomwe idakhala choyimira chachizindikiro chachipatala. Ndiponso, izi njokayo yatchulidwa mu Red Book. Amapezeka ku Abkhazia, kumwera kwa Moldova, ku Krasnodar Territory.
Njoka ya Transcaucasia
Njoka ya Transcaucasia ndi cholengedwa chokwawa chofiira, mita yayitali. Malo ake ndi mapiri ndi miyala, minda ndi minda yamphesa. Amatha kukwera mapiri mpaka kutalika kwa makilomita awiri.
Amathera tsiku lake kufunafuna chakudya. Atagwira mbalame, ndipo ichi ndi chokoma chomwe amakonda kwambiri, amazifinya mwamphamvu, kenako ndikuzimeza. Poona adani olanda, imabisala paphompho la mwala, pansi pa mwala kapena pansi pa mtengo. Njokayi imakhala m'malo ena a Asia, Iran ndi Caucasus. Kum'mwera kwa Turkey, Lebanon. Kudera lakumpoto kwa Israeli.
Njoka yokwera michira yaying'onoyo ndi ya banja la njoka, chifukwa chake siyowopsa. Ndi wamtali pafupifupi mita ziwiri, ndi mchira wawufupi. Njokayo ndi yokongola chifukwa cha golide wake wa azitona.
Amapezeka m'mapiri ndi m'nkhalango. M'mphepete mwa udzu wamtali. Wochezera pafupipafupi m'minda ya anthu. Amasungidwanso m'malo opumira kunyumba. Imadyetsa anapiye ang'ono ndi mbewa. Makoswe amamuvuta kwambiri.
Kwa nthawi yayitali sanawoneke kudera la dziko lathu, kotero njoka komanso olembedwa mu Red Book. Pakadali pano amakhala kum'mwera ndi kum'mawa kwa Asia.
Njoka yamizeremizere imafanana kwambiri ndi njoka yapoizoni. Kusiyana kokha ndikotalika, pathupi lonse, mzere woyera kapena wachikaso. Sitali, 70-80 cm kutalika.
Wothamanga milozo
Kukhazikika m'nkhalango zowirira, m'mphepete mwa mapiri ndi m'mphepete mwa mitsinje. Nthawi zambiri imapezeka pafupi ndi maenje a mbewa. Pomwe nyama zimabisalira, pamenepo zimabisala kwa adani. Amakhala ku Kazakhstan. Komanso mayiko achi China, Mongolia ndi Korea. Ku Russia, ku Far East, anthu ake angapo awonedwa.
Dynodon wa lamba wofiira ndi njoka, kutalika kwa mita imodzi ndi theka. Makamaka ndimakorali. Amakhala m'nkhalango, m'mbali mwa mitsinje ndi nyanja. Amapita kukasaka usiku. Zakudya zake ndizosiyanasiyana.
Dynodon lamba wofiira
Zimaphatikizapo makoswe, abuluzi ndi achule, mbalame ndi zokwawa. Ngati aukiridwa, ndiye poteteza, njokayo imamasula mtambo wa fetid kuchokera ku anus.
Idapezeka koyamba mdziko lathu kumapeto kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi anayi zapitazo. Pakadali pano njoka ibweretsedwamo mu Red Book la Russia. Titha kumuwona ku Kuban. M'mayiko a Japan, Korea ndi Vietnam.
East Dinodon ndi ya banja lomwe lakhalapo kale. Kukula pang'ono, pafupifupi masentimita makumi asanu ndi limodzi m'litali. Mutu wake ndi wakuda; malankhulidwe abulauni amafalikira muuthupi lonse.
Dinodon ya Kummawa
Amakonda kukhala pafupi ndi madzi osefukira. Amasaka makamaka usiku. Amadyetsa nsomba zazing'ono ndi zopanda mafupa. Popeza dynodon yakum'mawa ndi yamanyazi, kuthawa mdani, imatha kulowa m'ming'alu yopapatiza, ngakhale kudzikwirira pansi.
Ngati mwadzidzidzi agwidwa modzidzimutsa, amadzitchinjiriza, kutsitsa, ndikupinda mwamphamvu. Adzayesanso kuluma, ngakhale mulibe poizoni mwa iye konse. Amapezeka pazilumba zaku Japan zokha. Ku Russia, zidawoneka mu Kuril Nature Reserve.
Njoka yamphaka, yaying'ono yaying'ono, ndiyotalika mita imodzi. Ili ndi mutu wowulungika, ndi thupi lophwatalala pang'ono. Ndi wokhalamo usiku. Ndipo patsiku lotentha, idzagona pansi pamiyala kapena pamakungwa amitengo.
Njoka yamphaka
Amatha kukwawa moimirira. Njokayo imakwera mosavuta mtengo uliwonse ndi shrub. Idzagwiritsitsa nthambi, ngati mphaka. Zimadya mbewa, abuluzi, anapiye.
Ndi ya mtundu womwe uli pangozi, ndipo ngakhale anthu, powasokoneza ndi njoka, awonongedwa kwambiri. Ku Russia, amapezeka ku Dagestan kokha. Chifukwa chake malo ake ndi akulu kwambiri: zilumba za Aegean ndi nyanja ya Mediterranean. Padziko la Bosnia ndi Herzegovina. Jordan, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon ndi malo ake okhala. Turkey ndi Abkhazia.
Njoka ya Dinnik ndiyo yokongola kwambiri mwa njoka zonse. Njoka zazimayi ndi zazikulu kuposa zamphongo zawo. Pafupifupi kutalika kwake ndi theka la mita. Chifukwa cha mtundu wake wobisala, imadzibisa yokha pamiyala, muudzu ndi masamba.
Viper ya Dinnik
Chakudya chake chimaphatikizapo abuluzi, ma voles ndi zikopa. Njoka imasaka m'mawa-madzulo nthawi yamasana. Popeza sakonda kutentha kwa dzuwa, kubisalira miyala ndi maenje a nyama.
Mboziyo ikawaona, nthawi yomweyo amawaukira ndi mano owopsa. Kenako, ikununkhiza, imasaka ndikudya. Amakhala ku Caucasus, Georgia ndi Azerbaijan. Ku Chechnya ndi Dagestan. Pali iye akuti ndi chakupha kwambiri.
Njoka ya Kaznakov - imanena za mitundu yosaopsa komanso yoopsa ya njoka. Amatchedwanso njoka ya ku Caucasus. Amakula pang'ono, akazi amakhala opitilira theka la mita, amuna amakhala ocheperako. Zakudyazo, monga njoka zambiri - makoswe, abuluzi, achule. Mu Russia, iye amakhala m'dera Krasnodar. Komanso ku Turkey, Abkhazian, mayiko aku Georgia.
Viper Kaznakov
Njoka ya Nikolsky, ndi nkhalango yopanda nkhalango komanso njoka yakuda. Ndi owopsa komanso owopsa kwambiri kwa anthu. Njoka zamphongo ndizitali masentimita makumi asanu, akazi ndi akulu. Amadyetsa abuluzi, achule, nsomba. Amakhala kumadera a Urals, Saratov ndi Samara. Alowanso ku Europe gawo la Russia.
Viper ya Nikolsky
Njoka ya Gyurza kapena Levant ndi mitundu yoopsa kwambiri kwa anthu. Choyimira cha mita ziwiri, chimalemera makilogalamu atatu. Imasiyana ndi njoka zina pamaso pa masikelo a supraorbital. Mtundu wake umasintha, kutengera komwe amakhala.
Amakhala m'mapiri, m'malo otsetsereka, m'nkhalango zowirira, m'zigwa, m'mbali mwa mitsinje. Alendo obwerezabwereza kunja kwa midzi ndi matauni. Popeza alibe mantha pamaso pa anthu, chifukwa chake, amatha kukwawa mosavuta ndikukhala m'nyumba ya munthu.
Njoka ya levantine
Amasaka nyamalikiti ndi abuluzi, mbewa, ma jerboas ndi hamsters. Hares ndi akamba ang'onoang'ono nawonso amakonda. Amadzaza Africa, Asia, Mediterranean. Madera a Arabia, India ndi Pakistani. Mutha kuwonanso ku Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan.
