Kuyambira kalekale, anthu amakhala ndi chidwi ndi zolengedwa zosawoneka bwino ngati nyongolotsi. Ndipo asayansi, pamaso pa Charles Darwin, zaka makumi angapo pambuyo pake, adaphunzira momwe alili pakufunika kwawo komanso kufunikira kwawo kwa zaka zambiri. Ndipo popanda chifukwa. Zowonadi, pakangotha kutentha kwa masika, mbozi zimayamba kugwira ntchito yolemetsa ndi ntchito, mosadziwa, kuti zithandizire anthu.
Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Mphungu, iye ali ndi ringed - wodziwika bwino wokhala m'nyumba iliyonse. Ndipo zikuwoneka, mwamtheradi wosazindikira, wopanda pake.
Komabe, munthu aliyense, mwanjira ina yolumikizidwa ndi nthaka, angasangalale kwambiri ndi anthu oterewa. Palibe mitundu yopitilira zana ya nyongolotsi ku Russian Federation. Koma padziko lonse lapansi pali mitundu masauzande ndi theka.
Ndi za banja la annelids, gulu laling'ono. Thupi lake lonse lalitali limakhala ndi mphete zambiri. Pakhoza kukhala makumi asanu ndi awiri, ndipo mwina onse mazana atatu. Popeza imakula m'litali kuposa masentimita makumi awiri ndi asanu.
Koma palinso zazing'ono kwambiri, ziwiri kapena zitatu masentimita. Nyongolotsi zaku Australia zimafikira mita ziwiri ndi theka kukula. Mtundu wake m'lingaliro lenileni la mawuwo ndi imvi-bulauni - kapezi.
Komanso, pamphete iliyonse, kapena amatchedwanso gawo, pamakhala ma bristles. M'magulu athu wamba amphutsi, monga lamulo, ma bristles asanu ndi atatu amakula. Amagawidwa ngati ang'onoang'ono.
Komabe, palinso mitundu yotentha ya polychaete ya nyongolotsi, momwe ma villi amakulira ambiri. Ming'aluyo imathandiza kuti nyongolotsi zikwawa, mwamtheradi pamatope onse a nthaka kapena kudzikwirira m'mabowo.
Mutha kuwapeza potenga nyongolotsi m'manja mwanu ndikusambira chala chanu kuchokera kumbuyo kupita kutsogolo. Koma popeza ndizovuta kuti munthu wosadziwa kudziwa komwe kuli matako ake, mutha kungoyendetsa dzanja lanu mmbuyo ndi kumbuyo. Mutha kumva nthawi yomweyo. Mbali ina, nyongolotsi imakhala yosalala mwamtheradi, ndipo ikakokedwa mbali inayo, imakhala yovuta.
Aliyense amene watenga nyongolotsi m'manja mwake amadziwa kuti zonse ndizotsekemera zosasangalatsa, zomwe ndizofunikira kwa iye. Choyamba, ntchofu imathandizira kuti nyama zopanda mafupa iziyenda momasuka pansi. Chachiwiri, popeza nyongolotsiyo ilibe mapapo, imapuma kudzera pakhungu. Ndipo chifukwa cha chinyezi cha ntchofu, thupi limadzaza ndi mpweya.
Chokha thupi la nyongolotsi, tichipeza magulu awiri a minofu minofu. Ndizitali komanso zopingasa. Minofu yopingasa ili pansi pazitsulo zoteteza pakhungu la mbozi.
Ndi thandizo lawo, nyongolotsi amakhala motalika momwe angathere. Ndipo minofu yolimba ndiyotalika. Amachepa, amachepetsa thupi. Chifukwa chake, pakukulitsa, tsopano kufupikitsa, chinyama chimasuntha.
Nyongolotsi ndi ya zinyama zachiwiri. Chifukwa chake, ali ndi dongosolo lathunthu lotseguka la magazi. Popeza ali ndi moyo wokangalika.
Minofu imalumikizana kangapo kuposa nyongolotsi zoyambira. Kuti achite izi, amafunikira magazi kuti apatse nyongolotsi zakudya zonse komanso mpweya wabwino.
AT kapangidwe ka nyongolotsi pali mitsempha ingapo yamagazi, imodzi mwa iyo imatchedwa kuti dorsal, m'mimba wachiwiri. Zombo zamphete amazilumikiza pamodzi. Magazi amayenda kudzera iwo kuchokera kumbuyo kupita kutsogolo, komanso mosemphanitsa.
Mphete iliyonse, kapena momwe amatchulidwira, gawo, imakhala ndi machubu. Mafelemu kumapeto kwawo amatseguka ndipo ndowe zimatulutsidwa pansi ntchentche. Umu ndi momwe dongosolo la excretory limagwirira ntchito.
Ponena za dongosolo lamanjenje, limagwedeza. Zigawo zake ndizitsulo zam'mimba ndi mphete ya periopharyngeal. Mapeto ake amapangidwa ndi ulusi, ndipo nawonso, amayankha kulumikizana ndi minofu yolumikizidwa ya nyongolotsi. Ndiyamika kwa iwo, nyongolotsi zimatha kudya, kuyenda mozama, kuchulukitsa, kukula.
Mu kapangidwe ziwalo za nyongolotsi, iwo omwe ali ndi udindo wa kununkhiza, kugwira, kuwona, kumva kulibe. Koma pali maselo ena, omwe amapezeka mthupi lonse lanyama. Ndi chithandizo chawo, nyongolotsi imadutsa mumdima komanso malo osadutsa.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
A Charles Darwin ananenanso kuti nyongolotsi zimakhala ndi luntha. Atawona, adawona kuti akamakoka tsamba louma m'nyumba mwake, adalitembenuza ndi mbali yopapatiza. Izi zimapangitsa kuti tsamba lizitha kudutsa pamtambo wolimba, wapansi. Koma m'malo mwake, masingano a spruce amatengedwa ndi maziko kuti asagawike pakati.
Tsiku lonse, zonse moyo wamvula nyongolotsi inakonzedwa ndi miniti. Nthawi ndi nthawi amakwera m'nthaka, amasuntha, kumeza. Nyongolotsi imakumba maenje m'njira ziwiri. Iye kapena, monga tanenera kale, amameza dziko lapansi, pang'onopang'ono kupita patsogolo.
Ngati nthaka ndi yolimba. Kenako nkusiya zinyalala zawo. Kapena, amakankhira kumapeto kwake koyengedwa, mbali zosiyanasiyana, ndipo amadzipangira yekha. Ndimezo ndizowoneka bwino.
Tek, mvula nyongolotsi, kusaka m'nthaka, amakokera m'mabowo ake, kutchinjiriza, masamba osiyanasiyana, mitsempha yamasamba, mapepala owonda komanso ubweya wa ubweya. Maenje ake amakhala akuya mita imodzi. Ndipo nyongolotsi ndizokulirapo, ndi mamita onse khumi. Nyongolotsi imagwira ntchito makamaka usiku.
NDI bwanji ntchentche zambirimbiri zimakwera pamwamba. Izi zikutanthauza kuti alibe chilichonse choti apume. Izi zimachitika mvula ikagwa kwambiri. Dziko lapansi ladzaza ndi chinyezi, ndipo kulibe mpweya uliwonse. Pakufika nyengo yozizira ntchentche amapita mwakuya kulowa m'nthaka.
Kudyetsa nyongolotsi
Chakudya cha nyongolotsi ndizofanana. Kumeza dziko lapansi ndi chakudya chambiri. Masamba aulesi ndi owola pang'ono, bowa ndioyenera kudya. Koma sayenera kukhala ndi fungo losasangalatsa, apo ayi nyongolotsi siyidya.
Zikuoneka kuti mbozi zimadzipangira okha malo osungira, ndikuyika chakudya pamenepo nthawi yachisanu. Amangodya pokhapokha zikafunika kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, m'nyengo yozizira, nthaka ikawuma kwambiri, ndipo sipangakhale funso la chakudya chilichonse chapansi.
Atayamwa chakudya limodzi ndi clod lapansi, kupyola pharynx, ndikutuluka kwa minofu, ndikukulitsa thupi lake, ndikuchepetsa, amalikankhira kumbuyo kwa kholingo. Pambuyo pake, imalowa m'mimba. Kuchokera m'mimba, amapita ku pere-etch m'matumbo, chifukwa cha michere, imatuluka ndi biomass yothandiza kwambiri.
Kupanga kusuntha, komanso nthawi yomweyo kuwotcha, mvula nyongolotsi muyenera kutero kukwawa kutuluka nthawi ndi nthawi kuti ataye pansi. Nthawi yomweyo, imamatira kubowo ndi m'mphepete mwake mchira, ngati kuti imagwiritsitsa.
Pambuyo pake, nthawi zonse pamakhala zithunzi zadothi. Nthaka yokonzedwa ndi nyongolotsi imakhala yolimba. Zindikirani kuti yauma, ndikusandulika mipira yaying'ono yokhala ndi mutu wofanana.
Mipira iyi imadzaza ndi mavitamini, ma enzyme, zinthu zakuthupi, zomwe, chifukwa chake, zimapha mabakiteriya onse pansi, kupewa kuvunda, komwe ndikofunikira kwambiri pamizu yazomera. Ndipo amagwiranso ntchito ngati mankhwala opha tizilombo, ndikuwaphera mankhwala.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Nyongolotsi zimatha kukhala amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, komanso ma hermaphrodites. Nyongolotsi zonse zimakhala ndi thicken kutsogolo kwachitatu kwa thupi lawo. Amakhala ndi ovary ndi testis. Ma Hermaphrodites amalola mbewuzo kuti zizilumikizana. Machende okhwima kale, mkati mwa zidutswa khumi, amalowetsedwa. Ndipo akukwawa kupita mbali zosiyanasiyana.
Mkazi akakhala wokonzeka kubereka, amayandikira mnzake, amatha. Chinachake chonga cocoko chimapangidwa pamenepo, chopangidwa ndi zigawo zingapo.
Imasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wa lamba. Choko ichi chimalandira zakudya zonse zofunikira kwa ana. Pambuyo pa umuna, nyongolotsi imachotsa chovalacho mwa iyo yokha, imangotsikira pa nyama.
Mphepete mwa koko, mbali zonse ziwiri, amakokedwa mwachangu kuti ana amtsogolo asamaume asanabadwe. Kenako, kwa milungu inayi, nyongolotsi zazing'ono zimakhwima ndikumaswa.
Atabadwa, amafalikira mbali zonse. Ndipo kuyambira masiku oyamba okha a moyo wawo amayamba kugwira ntchito, kukonza nthaka. Ndipo ali ndi miyezi itatu, ana okulirapo amafikira kukula kwa achikulire.
Chowonadi china chokhudza mphutsi zakutchire ndikumatha kusinthika. Ngati wina, kapena china, agawa magawo awiri. Popita nthawi, theka lililonse lidzakhala lokwanira. Iyi ndi imodzi mwanjira zoberekera, koma osati zogonana.
Ndipo chosasangalatsa, nyongolotsi ndi "kapisozi" yosungira tiziromboti mmenemo. Ndipo ngati nyongolotsi imadyedwa ndi nkhuku kapena nkhumba, pamakhala mwayi wambiri wopatsira nyama kapena mbalame ndi helminths. Moyo wa nyongolotsi umakhala zaka zoposa zisanu mpaka zisanu ndi chimodzi.
Udindo wa nyongolotsi mu ulimi ndikofunikira kwambiri. Choyamba, amadzaza nthaka ndi mpweya, womwe ndi wofunikira pazonse zomwe zikumera. Mwakusuntha kwawo, amathandiza mizu kukula bwino.
Chinyezi chimagawidwa mofanana, ndipo nthaka imakhala ndi mpweya wokwanira komanso imamasulidwa. Chifukwa cha kuyenda kosalekeza kwa dziko lapansi, mothandizidwa ndi mphutsi, miyala imachokeramo.
Komanso, ndi zotsalira zawo zobwezerezedwanso, amalumikiza nthaka pamodzi, kuti isawonongeke. Eya, ndipo zachidziwikire, amatulutsa feteleza nthaka pamene masamba, mphutsi za tizilombo timakokamo. Zonse zimaola ndipo zimakhala zabwino kwambiri, zowonjezeranso chilengedwe.
