Chilumba cha Crimea si chachikulu poyerekeza ndi chilumba cha Balkan, Iberia kapena Kamchatka. Koma ili ndi chikhalidwe chosangalatsa kwambiri chifukwa cha malo ake apadera. Crimea ili pafupi mtunda wofanana kuchokera ku North Pole ndi equator. Ili ndi malo ovuta komanso nyengo yosakanikirana.
Chifukwa chake, nyama za pachilumbachi ndizodabwitsa poyambira. Chifukwa chodzipatula kumadera ena oyandikana nawo, amadziwika kuti ndi nyama zake zokha (zopezeka mderali). Mukayang'ana chilumba kuchokera kutalika, mutha kuwona mbalame ikuuluka ndikulingalira kwina. Osati pachabe, chifukwa dera lachonde limasunga mitundu 336 ya mbalame, zomwe asayansi adagawika m'magulu atatu:
- - kukaikira mazira mbalame za Crimea... Ili ndi gulu lalikulu, lomwe limaphatikizapo mbalame pafupifupi 60%. Izi zikuphatikizapo zitsanzo zokhalitsa komanso zosamukira. Mu chiŵerengero cha manambala, iwo ali pafupifupi ogawanika mofanana.
- - mbalame zosakhala zisa. Izi zikhoza kutchedwa mbalame zonse zosamukira kapena zouluka, chiwerengero chawo ndi pafupifupi 30% ya chiwerengerocho. Crimea ili panjira yosamukira mitundu yambiri ya mbalame, ali okondwa kuyima kuti apumule "kumalo achisangalalo". Mbalame zosamukira ku Crimea zimabweretsa phindu lalikulu poti zimawononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kupumula. Mbalame zakumaloko sizolimbana ndi ntchitoyi nthawi zonse.
- — nyengo yozizira mbalame ku Crimea... Pali pafupifupi 10% yokha, pafupifupi mitundu 17, kuphatikiza makumi anayi, nkhwangwa, mawere, ma waxwings, mpheta, swans, abakha amvi. M'nkhalango yozizira, mutha kupeza ma piki ndi akadzidzi otuluka m'makutu.
M'chigawochi muli mbalame zamitundumitundu
Mwa mitundu yonse ya mbalame, mitundu 90 ndiyosowa, yambiri yalembedwa mu Red Book. Tikuyamba kuzolowera pang'ono pang'ono mbalame zamapiri, zigwa, zigwa za Crimea. Uwu ukhala mndandanda wautali, kuphatikiza zolemba zazifupi kwa oimira ena.
Choyamba, tiyeni tiganizire zochitika ziwiri za ku Crimea - chiwombankhanga chakuda ndi chiwombankhanga cha griffon. Amatha kuonedwa ngati okhalako, chifukwa anthu akutali apulumuka pachilumbachi.
- Mphungu ya Griffon... Mbalame yayikulu yodya nyama, yokhala ndi mapiko otalika mpaka 2.7 mita Kutalika kwake ndi 1 mita. Ali ndi mutu wawung'ono kwambiri mosavomerezeka. Amuna ndi akazi samasiyana mtundu - nthenga ndizofiyira kumbuyo komanso zachikasu pamimba.
Ndi cholemera kunyamula kuchokera padziko lapansi, ndiye kuti mbalame imakonda kunyamuka pamtengo kapena paphiri. Zimangodya zovunda zokha. Sakonda kufuula, ngakhale amadziwika kuti ndi "wolankhula" pakati pa abale ena.
Mverani mawu amtundu wa griffon
Atamvera liwu la chimbalangondo, nthawi yomweyo zimawonekeratu chifukwa chomwe adayitanidwira
- Mbalame yakuda... Ngakhale tanthauzo la "wakuda", limakhala lofiirira. Woimira mbalame zazikulu, kutalika mpaka 1 mita, mapiko mpaka 1.8 m, kulemera kwa 7-12 kg. Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "mmonke wa ndevu" chifukwa chakuda kwa nthenga pansi pamlomo wake ndi pakhosi pake (kuti asasokonezeke ndi munthu wandevu, imodzi mwazomwe zimakonda kwambiri padziko lapansi).
Khosilo lili ndi mlomo wosongoka, wopindidwa. Pali nthenga zochepa pamutu pake, khungu labuluu limanyezimira. Mbalame yodya nyama yakufa.
Vulture ndi mbalame yayikulu kwambiri yokhala ndi milomo yayikulu yopindika
Zowononga zazikulu zimaphatikizaponso:
- Kudya njoka kapena chiwombankhanga - mbalame yochokera ku Red Book of Russia. Nyama yomwe imakonda kudyetsa anapiye ndi njoka. Ngakhale akuluakulu amadya makoswe komanso mbalame zina. Mtundu wazimayi ndi zazimuna ndizofanana - zotuwa zotuwa kumbuyo ndikusintha pamimba.
Komabe, "azimayi" ndi akulu kuposa "amuna". Zimasiyanasiyana pakudyetsa mwana wankhuku - kumeza kwa njokayo kumatenga mphindi 10 mpaka theka la ola. Ndipo zimangoyamba ndi mutu. Kuyambira ndi mchira, amalavulira ndi kuyambiranso.
- Steppe mphungu... Kukula kwa chilombochi ndi pafupifupi masentimita 90 m'litali, mapiko mpaka mamita 2.3. Mitunduyi ndi yolimba komanso yoopsa. Nthengayo imakhala yofiirira ngati malasha, yokhala ndi kuwala kochepa, madera ozungulira mlomo ndi uchi wakuda maso owoneka bwino.
- Osprey. Ali ndi mlomo wakuthwa komanso wolumikizidwa. Mutu ndi chifuwa pafupifupi zoyera, mapiko ndi kumbuyo kwake ndi bulauni bulauni. Mofanana ndi nyama zolusa zambiri, akazi ndi akulu kuposa amuna.
Mutha kusiyanitsa nkhono ndi mbalame zina zodya nyama pogwiritsa ntchito nthenga za m'mutu ndi paws
- Mphungu yamphongo... Ili pafupi kwambiri ndi mphamba wokula, koma imawoneka ngati chiwombankhanga. Ali ndi mapewa otakata, akuuluka molunjika komanso tara wamphongo wamiyendo kumapazi (gawo lotseguka la paw).
- Manda. Chiwombankhanga chinalandira dzina ili m'zaka za zana la 19 zokha. Amawonekera pafupipafupi pafupi ndi maliro ndi mausoleums, mokhala pansi pamtengo. Pali chikhulupiriro kuti amaika abale ake m'manda. Mbalame yayikulu, yofanana ndi chiwombankhanga chagolide, yokhala ndi nthenga zokongola zosunthika komanso mchira wautali wowongoka.
- Mphungu yoyera... Mbalame yayikulu komanso yokongola yodya nyama. Imakhala ndi nthenga zoyera ngati mchira komanso mulomo wachikuda kwambiri.
- Mphungu yagolide. Amadziwika kuti ndi ziwombankhanga zazikulu kwambiri. Kukula kwake kumafika masentimita 95, ndipo mapiko ake amakhala mpaka mamita 2.4. Kulemera mpaka 6.5 kg. Mbiri yonyada komanso yolimba ya chiwombankhanga chagolide imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazithunzi pazovala, mendulo ndi ma logo. Amasiyana ndi maso akuthwa.
- Mbalame... Mbalame yamwala yomwe imakonda kukhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Amadyetsa chilichonse, ngakhale masamba ndi zipatso. Kuwonongedwa kwafumbi kumakhala kofala. Kunja, imawoneka ngati nkhuku yoyera kwambiri yoyera, koma mutu womwe uli ndi mlomo ndiwo umapereka nyama yolusa.
Pali nthenga zochepa pamutu, zambiri zimakutidwa ndi khungu lachikaso, mlomo ndi mthunzi womwewo. Nthenga zambiri kumbuyo kwa mutu nthawi zambiri zimawoneka ngati zosokonezeka.
- Balaban. Ichi ndi chirombo kuchokera ku banja la mphamba. Kwenikweni, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa kabawi wosaka. Chiwerengerocho chikucheperachepera chifukwa cha kuzembetsa komanso kusintha kwachilengedwe.
Chiwerengero cha nkhono za balaban chikuchepa chaka chilichonse
- Chiwombankhanga Chambiri. Nyama yamphongo yofulumira kwambiri. Kukula kwa khwangwala wamkulu. Nthengazo ndizopakidwa ndi ziphuphu zakuda zakuda. Khosi ndi chifuwa ndizopepuka, madera achikasu pang'ono pafupi ndi mulomo wakuda. Maso ndi a bulauni, ozunguliridwa ndi malire a chikopa chakuda, chifukwa chake amawoneka otupa.
Falcon yofulumira kwambiri
- Kadzidzi... Nyama yayikulu yozizira usiku. Chovala chake chitha kukhala cholakwika ndi mikwingwirima ya zingwe za hotelo ndi ziphuphu. Mbalameyi ndi yachilendo ndipo imadziwika kwambiri - maso ozungulira amber ndi "makutu" - malo otuluka nthenga pamwamba pa maso. Komabe, mwina titha kumuwona kokha mu chimbale "Mbalame za Crimea pachithunzichi". Imalemekezedwa kwambiri pakati pa okhometsa msonkho ngati chikumbutso chachilendo.
"Mbalame zouluka kwambiri" kapena okhala m'mapiri ku Crimea akuyimiridwa ndi mbalame izi:
- Msuzi woyera. Ngakhale ndi yaying'ono - kutalika mpaka 23 cm, mapiko ake mpaka masentimita 59, ndege iyi yapadera imatha kukhala mlengalenga kwa theka la chaka osafikira. Thupi lake ndi lopindika komanso lopindika, imvi-imvi pamwamba ndi yoyera pachifuwa. Imadyetsa mwachindunji ntchentche, tizilombo tonse tomwe timakumana nawo panjira. Amakhala m'matanthwe.
Simukuwona kawirikawiri mutu wachizungu utakhala pansi, mbalameyo imadya ngakhale zomwe imagwira mlengalenga
- Partridge wakuda... Mbalame yosaka yokhala ndi nthenga zamawangamawanga zotuwa. Mikwingwirima yofiira imawoneka mbali ndi mchira. Mutu womwe uli pafupi ndi mlomo ulinso wofiira. Chitsanzo chokhala pansi, sichitha kupirira maulendo ataliatali.
- Zowonongera Mwala. Mbalame yosawerengeka, nthawi zambiri imakhazikika pawiri kapena m'magulu ang'onoang'ono m'matanthwe.
- Kuphimba mapiri... Kambalame kakang'ono koyenda, kokhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda kumbuyo ndi mimba yotuwa ya lalanje. Amuna ndi achikuda owala kuposa akazi.
- Wagtail. Mchira wake wautali, wowongoka umakhala ndi chizolowezi chogwedeza, chomwe adalandira dzina lakutchulira. Mountain Wagtail ili ndi mimba yotumbululuka yachikaso yokhala ndi madera oyera mbali. Kuphatikiza apo, chovala chachimuna chimakwaniritsidwa ndi pakhosi lakuda.
Wogtail ndi mlendo pafupipafupi m'misewu ya Crimea
- Mlendo wa Crimea - wofatsa komanso wanzeru Partridge kapena partridge yamwala... Yolimba yaying'ono thupi beige-pinki. Mapiko okhala ndi mikwingwirima, pamwamba pa maso ndi mozungulira kolayo - mzere wosiyanitsa wakuda ngati mawonekedwe a mkanda. Mlomo ndi wofiira, mchira ndi wowongoka, wautali wapakatikati.
Malo okwera a chitunda choyamba cha mapiri a Crimea amatchedwa yalami... Pali malo ambiri amiyala pano, nyengo imakhala yolimba kwambiri kuposa madera otsika. Madera otere adasankha okha:
- Chitofu wamba - mbalame yaying'ono yochokera ku banja lowonera. Zovala zaukwati wamwamuna zimakongoletsedwa ndi mzere wakuda kudzera m'maso, m'malire mwake ndi zoyera zoyera.
Pachithunzicho, wama Wheatear wamwamuna ndi wamkazi
- Hatchi yakutchire... Mbalame yowoneka yosalemba kuchokera kubanja la wagtail. Nthengayo imakhala ndi mawonekedwe obisika - imvi-beige-motley. Paulendo wapano, ikuimba mwaphokoso.
- Linnet kapena repol... Nthawi yokolola, yamphongo imakongoletsedwa ndi nthenga zofiira pachifuwa, korona ndi pamphumi. Mkazi nthawi zonse amawoneka wocheperako. Ndi amanyazi kwambiri ndipo mbalame zakutchire za Crimea... Nthawi zambiri amasungidwa kunyumba moyimba bwino, ngakhale amachita mosakhazikika, kumenyedwa pazitsulo zachitetezo, ndikunjenjemera ndi kuyenda kulikonse kwa munthu kapena nyama.
Mwamuna wa Linnet ali ndi nthenga zofiira
- Lark wam'munda - mbalame imodzi yanyimbo ku Crimea. Si yayikulu kwambiri kuposa mpheta, thupi lake ndi mchira wake ndi wolitali kwambiri komanso wamtundu wosiyanasiyana. Wamphongo ndi wamkulu kuposa wamkazi ndipo amayimba mokweza. Ma roulades osadzikonda nthawi zambiri amamveka munthawi yocheka pakameta ndevu.
- Wopambana... Amakhulupirira kuti dzina la nthumwi yoimira nkhandweyo imachokera ku mawu oti "chopanda kanthu" kapena "osayenera kusaka." Komabe, imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mbalame yosaka. M'malo mwake, kuthekera kosaka nyama pamalo otseguka - "kukadyetsa" - kunasinthidwa kukhala "pastel", kenako nkukhala kestrel.
Mbalame zotsatirazi zimakhala pamapiri a Main Ridge:
- Wophulika Wamkulu Wopopera Woodpecker... Mwadongosolo nkhalango, mbalame yayikulu kubanja lake, kukula kwa thrush. Ili ndi nthenga zowala modabwitsa. Kumbuyo kwa mutu ndi pansi pamimba, mwachizolowezi, malo ofiira amaoneka ("kapu ya kadinala ndi chomangira chake").
- Nuthatch... Mosunthika amayenda pamtengowo, ngati kuti akukwawa, nthawi zina mozondoka. Amatchedwa "mphunzitsi" wamawu oti "tzi-it", okumbutsa likhweru la "aphunzitsi akutali".
Nuthatch imayenda mosavuta pamtengo wamtengo ngakhale mozondoka
- Klest-elovik... Chikhalidwe chake ndi mulomo wokhala ndi maupangiri owoloka. Wokonda mbewu za spruce. Pang'ono kwambiri kuposa mpheta, amuna ndi ofiira owala, akazi ndi ofiira obiriwira komanso nsonga zachikasu pamapiko.
Mlomo wa mtanda wopangidwira udapangidwa kuti mbeu zochokera kumakona zichotsedwe mosavuta
- Kinglet... Aliyense amadziwa kuti iyi ndi "mbalame yanyimbo". Mlomo ndi wowongoka komanso wowonda, mchira uli ndi kachingwe kakang'ono. Ku Crimea, pali mphalapala yamutu wachikaso, yomwe imakhala ndi nthenga zamtundu wachikasu, komanso chipewa chagolide chagolide.
- Wren kapena mtedza... Kambalame kofewa kwambiri, mpaka 10 cm kukula. Pafupifupi theka la mpheta wamba. Koma amayimba mokweza komanso mokongola, ndi ma trill osiyanasiyana.
- Zaryanka. Woimira Flycatcher. Iwo amamutcha iye chifukwa cha bere lake lowala lalanje. Nthambi zonsezo ndi zaimvi. Nyimbo ya phwiti ikulira, iridescent komanso yosangalatsa kwambiri. Imayamba m'mawa kwambiri mpaka kumadzulo.
- Kadzidzi Tawny imayimira zolusa m'nkhalango. Amatha kuopseza ndi hoot yake komanso "nkhope" yaumunthu. Kadzidzi amatanthauza "osadyedwa", mbalameyi siinkagwiritsidwapo ntchito ngati chakudya. Amati pakati pa Asilavo akale, zimawonedwa ngati zosatetezeka kukumana naye, komanso kuti amuphe. Ambiri adawona mzimu wamnkhalango mwa iye. Nyamayo imasakasaka aliyense wocheperapo iye.
Sparrowhawks ndi goshawks amasaka m'nkhalango masana. Pakati pa mbalame zosaka m'nkhalango, mutha kupeza nkhwangwa komanso nkhonya yakuda.
- Woodcock. Mbalame yabwino usiku, yokondedwa kwambiri ndi alenje chifukwa chokhala ndi ulemu komanso kukula kwake. M'masiku akale ku Russia amatchedwa "nkhumba zoumba nkhumba" chifukwa cha malamulo ake wandiweyani komanso nyama yowutsa mudyo.
- Kulik-chernysh mu kukula pafupi ndi nyenyezi. Kujambulitsa malankhulidwe akuda ndi madontho oyera. Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "zoyera" chifukwa cha mchira wake wowala. Amakonda nkhalango zowirira kwambiri.
- Hatchi yamtchire - kambalame kakang'ono pafupifupi kukula kwa mpheta.
- Kusokoneza-misala - imawerengedwa kuti ndi yayikulu kwambiri pamtundu wawo, imawoneka ngati nyimbo yothina.
- Khwangwala - "wolemekezeka" pakati pa mbalame zamtchire, ndi wamkulu, wamphamvu komanso wouluka bwino.
Mitundu yayikulu kwambiri imatha kuwona m'nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi zigwa komanso mitsinje yamadzi osefukira. Chaffinches, mahatchi amnkhalango, mawere, opha ntchentche, ma warblers, nkhaka, redstarts amakhala kumeneko. Komanso ma rook, nyenyezi, ma Roller, Turtle Doves, Red Foxes.
The Crimea steppes si olemera mu mbalame zosiyanasiyana. Chaka chonse amakhala mu steppe:
- Wopanda... Mbalame yayikulu, chinthu chosakira chotchuka. Kukula kwake kuli pafupifupi kukula kwa Turkey. Amathamanga pansi, ndipo modabwitsa, amawuluka bwino.
- Zinziri. Aliyense amadziwa momwe mazira a zinziri ndi othandiza ndipo ambiri awerenga momwe zinziri zinakazinga pamoto kale. Ali ndi nyama yokoma komanso yofewa ngati nkhuku. Chifukwa cha kupusa kwake, zinziri zidagwiritsidwapo ntchito pomenya nawo nkhondo za mbalame. Komabe, tsopano ambiri amasunga kunyumba kwawo ngati mbalame yanyimbo.
- Wopanda... Ndi a banja la bustard. Kukula kwa nkhuku. Mwadzidzidzi amatuluka pansi mwadzidzidzi, akugwedeza mapiko ake ndi thupi lake lonse, ngati kuti akugwedezeka. Kuchokera kumbali zikuwoneka kuti akukhala m'malo mwake, ngakhale akuyenda mofulumira.
Ambiri steppe mbalame za Crimea amaonedwa kuti ndi osatetezeka kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, sandpiper-tirkusha, sandpiper-avdotka ndi bustard yaying'ono yomwe yatchulidwa kale.
Malamba achikale otchire okhala: shrike (shrike ndi nkhope yakuda), bunting, greenfinch, nightjar, kamba-njiwa, oriole. Kuphatikiza apo, kumeneko mutha kupeza "hoopoe" ndi magpie "osayimba." Ndipo m'mphepete mwa madamu, ma cormorant, ma petrel, ma diving, ma shelled, ma gulls, ma swans ofuula, terns ndi heron amakhala chaka chonse.
Ndipo, potsiriza, mbalame zambiri zimakhala m'mapaki a nkhalango ndi mumzinda, pafupi ndi anthu - pafupifupi mitundu 22. Zina mwazo, pali mpheta, ma jackdaws, zopota zagolide, ma rook, linnet, finches, mchaka mbalame za nyimbo ku Crimea Amadzazidwa ndi ma nightingles.
