Remez - mbalame yaing'ono m'nkhalango. Chimaonekera chifukwa cha luso lake lomanga zisa zachilendo. Amafanana ndi mbewa yoyimitsidwa panthambi, yomwe ili ndi khomo m'malo mwa chala chachikulu. Remez ndi mbalame wamba, sichiwopsezedwa kutha. Ku Europe, a Remezian amakhala mamitala mamiliyoni 10 miliyoni. Km, kuchuluka kwawo ku kontinentiyi kumafika anthu 840,000.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Mitundu yonse ya zindalama ndi mbalame zazing'onozing'ono. Kutalika kwa thupi sikumangodutsa masentimita 12, pomwe mchira ndi 4-5 cm. Zaluso ndizochepera kamodzi ndi theka kuposa mpheta. Mwa mtundu wowonjezera, kuchuluka kwake kuli kofanana ndi titmouse. Thupi ndi lozungulira. Mapikowo amatseguka masentimita 17-18.
Mtundu wa remyz siowala. Pansi pake ndiyopepuka, ndimayendedwe akuda kapena abulauni. Pamwambapa pamakhala pakuda kwambiri. Mdima, pafupifupi mikwingwirima yakuda pamapiko ndi mchira. Chigoba chakuda (magalasi) pamutu wonyezimira chimagwirizana nazo. Remez pachithunzichi akhoza kukhala wamwamuna kapena wamkazi, ndizovuta kuzisiyanitsa kunja. Amuna amtundu wowala pang'ono kuposa akazi ndi mbalame zazing'ono.
Malingaliro ali ndi mawonekedwe owuluka mosunthika, sangathe kuwuluka. Maulendo ataliatali amapangidwa masana okha, mbalame sizikwera pamwamba, nthawi zambiri zimaima kuti zipumule. Amabisalira nyama zolusa m'nkhalango, pakati pa nthambi za mitengo.
Remez, mbalame yaying'ono, kukula kwa tit
Mitundu
Remezovye (Latin Remizidae) - banja lomwe ndi gawo lalikulu la odutsa. Banja limakhala ndi mibadwo itatu:
- Mtundu Remiz kapena Remez - amakhala ku Europe, madera a Far East Asia. Ku Russia, adakwanitsa gawo la Europe ndi Siberia, amapezeka ku Transbaikalia, ku Far East.
- Genus Anthoscopus - amakhala ku Africa, madera ake akummwera ndi kumwera. Mbalamezi zimangokhala. Tidziwa malo onse aku Africa: madera amchipululu, nkhalango, nkhalango zotentha. Zisa zovuta kwambiri pakati pazotsekedwa zimalukidwa. Amawakonzekeretsa polowera monyenga komanso chipinda chabodza chabodza. Mwanjira imeneyi, zolusa zimanyengedwa.
- Mtundu wa Auriparus, kapena American Pendants, umakhala ku Mexico ndi ku United States. Amakonda nkhalango zowala, zitsamba. Yokhotakhota zisa ngati mpira.
Zojambula zimasinthasintha pafupifupi malo onse ndi nyengo
Wowerengera wachilengedwe amasinthidwa pafupipafupi. Maudindo ena ndi omwe amakangana. Mtundu wa Remiza kapena Remiz ndiwosadziwika, wosankhidwa m'banjamo. Adalowetsedwa mgululi ndi Karl Linnaeus mu 1758. Pali mitundu 4 yamtunduwu:
- Remiz pendulinus mitundu, Eurasian kapena pemez wamba Ndi mbalame yomwe imamanga zisa ku Europe. Imakhazikika mofanana ku Russia. Mwachitsanzo, m'dera la Astrakhan, nthawi zambiri amapezeka, m'zigawo za Siberia amagawidwa mwa apo ndi apo. Manda wamba amapanga kusamuka kwakanthawi: nyengo yozizira amapita kunyanja yaku Europe ndi Africa ku Nyanja ya Mediterranean.
- Mitundu ya Remiz macronyx kapena bango pendulum - imatha nthawi yotentha, imamanga zisa ku Kazakhstan. Malo okhala ndi magombe akumwera a Balkhash. Amamangirira zisa zake kubango, ndichifukwa chake amatchedwa "bango".
- Remiz consobrinus, kapena Chinese pendulum, ndi mbalame yosowa. Zimaswana kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa China, zimapezeka mdera la Far East ku Russia, ku Yakutia. M'nyengo yozizira, imawulukira kumwera kwa chilumba cha Korea, kupita ku zigawo za China za Fujian, Jiangsu, Jiangsu.
- Remiz coronatus, kapena pemmez yovekedwa korona, imapezeka ku Central Asia, kumwera kwa Siberia. Chiwerengero cha zidutswa zokhala ndi korona ndizochepa. Ntchentche zopita ku Pakistan, India m'nyengo yozizira. Njira zosamukira komanso malo omwe kumakhala nyengo yozizira sizimveka bwino.
Kukwapula kumakumbukiridwa nthawi zambiri akamakambirana za Remez. M'banja la oatmeal, mumtundu wa bunting weniweni, pali mtundu womwe umakhala ku Scandinavia ndi Russia. Dzina la sayansi la mitunduyo ndi Emberiza rustica, dzina lodziwika bwino la mbalameyo ndi phala la phala... Kupatula dzinalo, palibe chomwe chimalumikiza mbalamezi ndi Ma Pendenti. Chinthu chachikulu ndikuti kubowola sikudziwa kupanga zisa.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Amisiri aphunzira makontinenti atatu. Mtundu wa Auriparus udakhazikika ku North America. Zikondwerero za mtundu wa Anthoscopus zimawerengedwa kuti ndi achikhalidwe ku Africa. Zolembera zaku Africa ndizofala kwambiri pakati pa abale awo. Mbalame zamtundu wa Remiz zimakhala ku Europe ndi Asia.
Mbalame zaku America ndi Africa sizikhala. Ngakhale zimasamuka, ndimayendedwe azakudya patali pang'ono. Zozikumbukira sizimasonkhana m'gulu, zimasuntha m'modzi m'modzi. M'malo ozizira amasakanikirana ndi mbalame zina zazing'ono, samapanga magulu ambiri.
Atafika kumalo awo achisanu, a Peipsi nthawi zambiri amapita kumadera omwe chisa chinali, komwe adabadwira kapena kuberekera ana. Malo opangira mahatchi ndi kudyetsa alibe malire okhwima. Palibe kupikisana pakati pa amuna mdera labwino kwambiri. Izi ndichifukwa chakuchepa kwa mbalame, kupezeka kwa chakudya komanso kuchuluka kwa malo oyenera kumanga zisa.
M'chaka ndi theka loyamba la chilimwe, Remez amathera kusamalira nyumba zawo ndi ana awo. Munthawi imeneyi, amuna amayimba. Nyimbo zawo sizimveka kwambiri. Amafanana ndi malikhweru kapena kutulutsa kokokedwa, nthawi zina amapanga ma trill. Chifukwa cha pafupipafupi, mawu amatengeredwa kutali.
Mitengo ya zitsamba m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi mitsinje, matanthwe a bango ndi malo omwe mapalende amakumana kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Kuyambira mu Julayi, nyongolotsi zosamuka zikukonzekera kupita kumalo ozizira. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'mphepete mwa nkhalango zowala. Kumapeto kwa Ogasiti, koyambirira kwa Seputembara, mbalame zimachoka kwawo, kupita kumwera.
Ndege za mbalame sizimatha nthawi zonse. Remiz consobrinus, yozizira ku China ndi Korea, imathera nthawi yosamukira komanso nyengo yachisanu. Anthu okhala m'derali amagwiritsa ntchito khoka kuti agwire mbalame zazing'ono (kubowoleza, zotumiza, ma dubrovnik). Mbalamezi zikuwonongedwa mochuluka komanso mosalamulirika. Zotsatira zake, Pemez adaphatikizidwa ndi Red Data Books ya madera onse a Far East.
Zakudya zabwino
Remez — mbalame, makamaka ophera tizilombo. Pa nthawi yobereketsa, zopanda mafupa ndi mphutsi zimakhala chakudya chake. Malo ochepa ndi okwanira kudyetsa anapiye a Remezu. Kudyera kwa mbalame ziwiri kumakhala pafupifupi mahekitala atatu.
Pofunafuna chakudya, Remeza amafufuza tchire, mitengo yotsika, makamaka nkhalango zam'mbali, mabango, ma cattails. Kuda nkhawa kumatenga nthawi yonse yamasana. Mukamadyetsa anapiye, mapendekedwe, pafupifupi, amatsata tizilombo kamodzi pa mphindi zitatu zilizonse.
Chinyama chachikulu cha zotulukapo: mbozi za agulugufe, kafadala, akangaude. Tizilombo timeneti timasonkhanitsidwa ndi zokongoletsera pamagulu a mitengo ndi tchire. Pothawa, Remezs amayesa kusaka agulugufe, ntchentche, udzudzu. Zakudya za mbalame ndi anapiye zimasiyanasiyana pakapita nthawi.
M'nyengo yamasika, mbozi zazing'ono ndi mbozi za lepidoptera zimakonda. Mu Juni, Ma Pendants amayang'anitsitsa mbozi za njenjete. Mu Julayi, mbalame zimadya nsabwe zambiri. Akangaude ndi chakudya chokhazikika pamenyu yokhayokha.
Amisiri amakonda kusaka tizilombo
Zakudya za remyz zimakhala ndi zakudya zamasamba. Mu Meyi-June, mbalame zimadumphira mbewu za msondodzi ndi popula. Pakutha chilimwe, mbewu za bango ndizomwe zimatsogolera. Chomerachi ndi chofunikira osati kokha kuchokera pakuwona kwa thanzi.
Okolola amakonda kudyetsa m'nkhalango zowirira. Gwiritsani ntchito ulusi wazomera kuti mumange zisa. Mmodzi mwa mitunduyi (Remiz macronyx) amangokhala nyumba zake pamapesi a bango.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Kum'mwera ndi pakati pa Europe, nyengo yoswana imayamba kumapeto kwa Marichi komanso koyambirira kwa Epulo. M'madera okhala ndi nyengo yovuta kwambiri, komwe kasupe amakhala wochedwa, kulengedwa kwa mitundu iwiri ya mbalame kumayimitsidwa kwa mwezi umodzi, mpaka kumapeto kwa Epulo, koyambirira kwa Meyi.
Kukondana kwa mbalame sikukhalitsa, mpaka kumapeto kwa kutuluka. Yaimuna imayamba kumanga chisa, chachikazi nkumalowa. Zisa za chaka chatha, ngakhale zotheka kugwira ntchito, sizikhala ndi anthu ambiri. Nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero lazinthu zomangira.
Nthambi yokhotakhota pamadzi imagwira ntchito bwino ngati chothandizira nyumba yatsopano. Amisiri amatenga msondodzi, mapesi, zidutswa za ubweya ndi ubweya wa nyama. Chimango ndi nsalu ndi ulusi. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsira ntchito njomba kuti ziulimbitse. Kapangidwe kamangidwe kameneka kamakhala ndi masamba obiriwira, tsitsi la nyama.
Malinga ndi zizindikilo zina, kupeza chisa cha Remez ndichabwino kwambiri.
Kumtunda kwa chisa, chidzenje chokhala ndi oblong chimakhala ndi m'mimba mwake cholingana ndi kukula kwa mbalameyo. Zimatenga masiku 10 mpaka masabata awiri kuti mumalize. Zisa zili mdera lomwe grouse idaberekera ana mzaka zapitazo. Amuna sadzaza. Mtunda pakati pa zisa ndi pafupifupi 0,5 km.
Remez chisa cha mbalame imakhala yovuta kwambiri: kutalika kwa 15 mpaka 20 cm, m'mimba mwake 9-10 cm, makulidwe amakoma pafupifupi 2 cm. Khomo loboola mozungulira siliposa 4,3 masentimita mulitali mwake. Kapangidwe kakang'ono kwambiri, kofanana ndi mpira womwe ukuguluka, nthawi zambiri umayendetsedwa ndi mphepo. Izi zikufotokozera dzina lachilatini Remiz pendulinus. Kumasulira kwake kumatanthauza "kugwedezeka kochiritsidwa".
Zojambula zamtundu wa Anthoscopus, zomwe zimakhala ku Africa, zidaposa luso lawo pomanga. Pamwamba polowera, amakonzekeretsa khomo lolowera kuchipinda chisa, chomwe chimakhala chopanda kanthu. Kuphatikiza apo, khomo lenileni lili ndi mtundu wa chitseko - mtanda waudzu wouma, womangirizidwa ndi ndodo. Mbalame zimatseka khomo lawo, potero zimabisa pakhomo lolowera ku chisa kwa adani.
Chisa chachiwiri nthawi zina chimamangidwa pafupi ndi chisa chachikulu, koma nthawi zambiri sichimalizidwa. M'malo mwa taphole yopapatiza, chisa chowonjezeracho chili ndi zolowera ziwiri zokulirapo. Oyang'anira mbalame amakangana za cholinga chake. Amakhulupirira kuti amagwiritsidwa ntchito popumira mbalame. Izi zikuwonetsedwa chifukwa chakusowa kwa zotchingira (pansi) pansi pa chisa.
Kumapeto kwa ntchito yomanga chisa, mkaziyo amaikira mazira oyera oyera 6-7. Kutalika kwa dzira lalitali ndi 16-18 mm, lalifupi ndi pafupifupi 11 mm. Nthawi zambiri chachikazi chimatsamira anapiye, zimatenga masabata awiri.
Anapiye amabadwa pafupifupi amaliseche, ataphimbidwa ndi fluff ndipo amadyetsa mwachangu. Chakudya chamapuloteni chimalola anapiye kuti aziwoneka achikulire m'masiku 15, ali ndi zaka izi amatuluka m'chisa. Mu June-Julayi ana amphongo a milu yaying'ono amawonekera m'nkhalango.
Akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo anafotokoza kuti 30% ya zida zimasiyidwa. Zotsatira zake, mazira omwe amaikira amafa. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti zisa zimasiyidwa ndi makolo athanzi omwe amatha kudzidyetsa okha ndi ana awo.
Chifukwa chomwe mbalamezo zimakhalira mosasamala chinawululidwa pambuyo pofufuza mosamalitsa mbalamezo. Kunapezeka kuti kuponya mikwingwirima kumadzetsa chiwongola dzanja chotsalira.
Kholo limodzi limaswa ndi kudyetsa anapiye: wamwamuna kapena wamkazi. Chachiwiri chimasiya zowalamulira ndikupita kukasaka mnzake, yemwe adzamangapo chisa chatsopano, chopangira china ndipo mwina anapiye anapiye.
Clutch imasiyidwa m'manja mwa mandimu wofooka: ndalama zowonjezera pakukweza ndi kudyetsa ana ndizotsika poyerekeza ndi kuluka chisa. Kulekana kwa awiriwa asanayambe makulitsidwe kumakhala koyenera: pendulum yamphamvu mu kasupe kamodzi kaswa anapiye kawiri.
Kuyesera kupanga mabanja awiri mu nyengo imodzi yoswana sikungokhudzana kokha ndi thanzi la mbalamezo. Nkhaniyi yasokonezedwa ndi chizolowezi chachilengedwe cha abambo cholipira ana ambiri momwe angathere ndi majini awo. Amuna amadikirira kuti mkazi ayike mazira kuti apeze wina wamkazi ndikusamalira ana atsopano.
Nthawi zina, algorithm iyi imalephera. Mbalame zonse ziwiri zimasiya chisa ndikuwuluka kupita kukafunafuna ina yatsopano, mwina osakhoza "kuvomerezana" kuti ndi ndani amene angayamikire ndi kudyetsa anapiye aswedwa. Ngakhale zolakwitsa za makolo, chiwonetsero chonse cha ana omwe amapezeka munthawi yogona ndi yayikulu kuposa momwe angakhalire kudyetsa ziweto zazing'ono.
Zosangalatsa
Ma Remes, makamaka zisa zawo m'malo omwe amakumanako kangapo, amatchulidwa kuti amatsenga ndi mankhwala. Munthu yemwe adapeza chisa cha Remeza adanyamula kupita nacho kwawo. Chowonadi chenichenicho chimaonedwa ngati chipambano chachikulu. Chisa chomwe chidapezeka chidayimitsidwa padenga, kusungidwa, ndikupatsira mibadwo yotsatira.
The zifukwa mosamala mtima kwa chisa momveka: izo kungakupatseni chuma, thanzi, kubereka. Pakakhala mkangano pakati pa okwatirana, chisa chidamangiriridwa ku ndodo, mophiphiritsa chimamenya mwamuna ndi mkazi wake. Kubwezeretsedwa kwa mtendere kunatsimikizika.
Zinthu zomwe chisa cha Remez chimamangidwa chinagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati fumigation. Inali ndimatsenga komanso yopatsa thanzi. Ziwetozo zidakhetsedwa ndi utsi, pambuyo pake nthawi yobereka, yotulutsa mkaka wochuluka komanso kupanga mazira.
Kuphulika kwa odwala, makamaka omwe akudwala malungo, erysipelas, matenda am'mero ndi m'mapapo, sizinangobweretsa mpumulo, komanso kuchira kwathunthu.
Kuphatikiza pa fumigation, pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana, ma compresses ochokera ku chisa chonyowa cha Remez adagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zizindikiro, pendulum yokhudzana ndi mbalame, zikhulupiriro zachikhalidwe, maphikidwe omwe aiwalika theka akadalipo m'malo omwe amapezako chisa.
