Mbuzi ndi imodzi mwazinyama zoyambirira kuwetedwa ndi anthu. Iwo anali ndipo adzakhala gwero la zinthu zofunika - nyama ndi mkaka, komanso ubweya ndi fluff. Pali mitundu yambiri ya mbuzi zoweta, yomwe imodzi mwazakale kwambiri ndi Nubian. Pamene mtundu wamtengo wapataliwu udawonekera, chifukwa chiyani uli wosangalatsa, ndi maubwino ake ati akulu, tiyeni tiyesere kuwuzindikira limodzi.
Mbiri ya mtunduwo
Polankhula za mtundu wa mbuzi wa Nubian, muyenera kudziwa kuti nthawi zambiri timakambirana za mtundu wa Anglo-Nubian womwe umaswanidwa ndi kuswana. Nguruwe yamtchire, yotchedwanso Nubian, imangogwirizana pang'ono ndi mtunduwo.
Mbuzi za ku Nubian mwina ndi imodzi mwazinthu zopambana kwambiri pakupeza ziweto. Ku Ulaya, nyamazi ndizofala kwambiri. Ku Russia, mtunduwu watchuka posachedwa. Koma kuswana kwawo kukukulira mphamvu chaka ndi chaka. Mbiri yawo imabwerera m'mbuyomu.
Pakufufuza kwasayansi, zidapezeka kuti mbuzi zofananazi zinali pafupi ndi anthu kwazaka zoposa 9,000 zapitazo. Dzinali limachokera komwe nyama idabadwira monga fuko - Chipululu cha Nubian kum'mawa kwa Africa, Sudan. M'masiku akale, gawo ili linali m'manja mwa Aigupto.
Okalamba akale a ku Aigupto analinso mbuzi zoyambirira za ku Nubian kumeneko. Ndipo mu Middle Ages okha, ofufuza aku France adasiya zolemba zoyambirira za mtunduwu. Mbiri yakale idayamba chifukwa cha ntchito yoswana yomwe aku Britain amachita, kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 19.
Pachiyambi cha chisankhocho panali mitundu iwiri ya mbuzi - imodzi yochokera ku India, yachiwiri kuchokera ku Africa. Banja lachi India linali maziko, zinali zikhalidwe zake zabwino zomwe zidakhudza kwambiri mtunduwo. Pambuyo pake, osati zitsanzo zokhazokha zochokera ku Africa, komanso ku Europe ndi Asia zidatengedwa ngati zitsanzo zowonjezera.
Zotsatira zake ndi mtundu wabwino kwambiri wa mbuzi za Anglo-Nubian, zokhala ndi mawonekedwe achilendo, zokolola zambiri, komanso osadzichepetsa kwambiri. Dzinalo "Nubian" lidaperekedwa mwalamulo kumapeto kwa zaka za 19th, pomwe oyamba adabwera ku America. Kuyambira 1900, ku New World, anthu ake apanga mwakhama, zomwe zakhala zotchuka kwambiri pakati pa alimi akumaloko.
Mbuzi zidabwera ku Russia zaka zana pambuyo pake. Chothandizira chamtengo wapatali pakusankhidwa chidapangidwa ndi NN Markelova, woyang'anira polojekiti komanso director of ANushushka ANO. Zinali mothandizidwa naye kuti zitsanzozo zinaperekedwa, komanso anapatsa mwayi wopanga nyama zachilendo m'malo otseguka aku Russia.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Mtundu wa Nubian sungasokonezeke ndi wina. Chodziwikiratu kwambiri kwa a Nubiya ndimakutu awo ataliatali, mphuno yosungunuka pang'ono, yomwe imapatsa "Gascon" ulemu kwa mbiriyo. Nthawi zina amatchedwa "mbiri yachiroma". Maso a nyama ndi akulu, velvety ndipo amafanana ndi maso a mbawala.
Pamwambapa pali zitunda zolemera pamphumi pake, ndipo pamwamba pake pali chipumi chachikulu komanso cholunjika. Zofanana Mbuzi ya Anglo-Nubian ndi wokulirapo ndipo umanyamula nyama yambiri kuposa mitundu ina. Ndi yamphamvu, wamkulu amatha kulemera 60-70, ena amafika mpaka 100 kg, koma imawoneka yokongola.
Thupi limakhala lalitali osati lokulirapo, koma lalikulu, kutalika kwake paphewa ndi masentimita 80 mpaka 90. Miyendo yayitali ndi yopepuka komanso yolunjika. Amuna ali ndi nyanga zazing'ono zopindika kumbuyo. Amayi nthawi zambiri amakhala opanda nyanga (opanda nyanga), omwe amasulidwa ali ndi zaka ziwiri. Bere la mbuzi ndi lalikulu, nsonga zamabele ndizitali.
Amakhala otsika kulemera ndi kukula kwake kuposa amuna. Mbuzi zazikulu zimalemera makilogalamu 45-55. Chovalacho ndi chosalala komanso chosakhwima mpaka kukhudza, chachifupi komanso chowonda, chopanda malaya amkati. Mtundu wa mbuzi ndi mbuzi ndiwosiyanasiyana - kuyambira malasha wakuda kapena oyera oyera ngati velvet-fawn kapena owoneka bwino.
Nyama zimakhala ndi mawu okweza, koma sizimakonda kudzionetsera tokha mosafunikira. Kufuna kulira kumamveka kokha ngati china chake chikuwasokoneza. Mwina kuchokera kuzizira, njala, mantha, kapena kusungulumwa. Ndipo mwanjira ina, kulonjerana kwawo kumveka sikumangofunika konse.
M'gulu la ziweto, amakhala ochezeka, amazindikira kuti mwini wake ndi mtsogoleri, amatha kusewera naye. Mbuzi ya Nubian pachithunzichi kuchokera kumbali imawoneka yonyada pang'ono chifukwa cha mbiri yake yotchuka, ndipo kuchokera kutsogolo imawoneka yokoma mtima kwambiri komanso yachikondi chifukwa cha makutu ake akulu ndi maso achangu.
Mitundu
Ponena za mitundu ya mbuzi za ku Nubian, munthu sangatchule m'modzi mwa makolo amtchire a zolengedwa izi. izo mbuzi yamapiri ya nubian... Nyamayo imalemera makilogalamu 62.5, thupi limakhala lalitali masentimita 125, ndipo kutalika kwake kumafota ndi masentimita 75. Akazi nthawi zambiri amakhala ochepa poyerekeza ndi amuna. Amalemera 26.5 kg okha, ndi 105 cm kutalika komanso 65 cm kutalika.
Malayawo ndi ofiira-ofiira okhala ndi mabala akuda osowa komanso owala paziwalo, pamimba pamayera kwathunthu. Zili ndi nyanga zotchuka, komanso amuna ndi akazi. Amuna okha ndi omwe amakula mita imodzi, kukhotakhota kumbuyo, kumbuyo, kenako pansi. Mbuzi zili ndi nyanga zazitali masentimita 30 okha.
Mbuzi ya Nubian imakhala m'zigwa za m'mapiri, malo amiyala ndi zipululu zamiyala. Anthu awiri tsopano akudziwika. Chimodzi - Zojambula nubiana nubiana - amadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wosankhidwa. Adasankha kukhala kumpoto kwa Africa ndi Peninsula ya Arabia, amakhala mpaka 2800 m pamwamba pamadzi.
Chachiwiri - Zojambula nubiana muthoni (Mbuzi ya kumapiri ya Sinai) - amaona kuti madera a mapiri a Sinai ndi madera akumadzulo a Arabia Peninsula ndi abwino, komanso mchenga wa m'chipululu cha Negev.
Ngati tibwerera ku mtundu wa Anglo-Nubian, ndiye kuti pakadali pano titha kukambirana za mitundu itatu - Chingerezi, Australia ndi America... Koyamba, ndi ofanana, komabe mitundu imeneyi ndi yosiyana.
- "Akazi achingerezi" ndi akulu kuposa ena, ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza apo, mbuzi zawo zimakhala ndi mawere akuluakulu. Zaka zambiri zodziwa kuswana zimakhala ndi zotsatira.
- Otsatsa aku Australia amayesetsa kwambiri kuti ziweto zawo ziwonekere bwino. Chifukwa chake, ziweto zawo zimagawidwa ngati "zabwino kwambiri": ali ndi makutu atali kwambiri, mphuno zotambasulidwa kwambiri, miyendo yayitali kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, "aku Australia" nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nsagwada zochepa, motero amaluma molakwika. Samawona izi ngati zovuta za mtunduwo.
- Amayi aku America amatha kunyadira mawonekedwe olondola kwambiri a udder. Ndiocheperako poyerekeza ndi abale akunja, alibe utoto wotere. Kuphatikiza apo, makutu awo ndi ofupikirako pang'ono, koma mphuno zawo ndizopepuka.
Mwachidule, titha kunena kuti mitundu yonseyi, ngakhale pali kusiyanasiyana kwakunja, ili ndi mawonekedwe ofanana, komanso pafupifupi zisonyezo zakukolola ndi mtundu wa mkaka.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Mitundu ya mbuzi ya Nubian, monga tanenera kale, ndizofala ku England, Scotland, America, Australia, komanso Sudan, Ethiopia ndi mayiko ambiri aku Europe. M'dziko lathu, nthawi zambiri amabadwira kumwera, komanso zigawo zina zapakati - Moscow, Tver ndi Samara.
Posachedwa, kuswana kukuchitika kwambiri kupitirira Urals, ku Siberia. Mukazindikira malo odyetserako ziweto, muyenera kuganizira kutalika kwake poyerekeza ndi madera ena. Anthu a ku Nubian amakonda zomera zowuma komanso zolimba kuposa udzu wouma wam'mapiri. Koma payenera kukhala posungira pafupi ndi msipu.
Ndibwino kuti muzitha kudutsa malo ogulitsa mafakitale osachepera 5 km kutali. Chikhumbo chawo chofuna kukwera kapena kukwera pamwamba pa phirilo chitha kuganiziridwa m'malo amapiri. Gawo lodyetserako ziweto lagawidwa m'magawo angapo, kutulutsa gulu la ziweto motsatizana. Izi zidzakuthandizani kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya chachilengedwe mosalekeza.
Mfundo yosunga mbuzi zotere ku Russia ndikudya msipu ndikukhazikika pakati. Amatha kudyetsedwa msipu kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, komanso m'khola kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Kudyera msipu, mbuzi ziyenera kumangidwa. Komabe, mutakhala ndi ziweto zambiri, mutha kungoyang'anira.
Zakudya zabwino
Pali malingaliro kuti Anglo-Nubian akufuna chakudya, koma kwenikweni ndi nyama zosadzichepetsa. Amakonda kudya tirigu ndi udzu wouma. Ali msipu, amadya udzu watsopano kapena mphukira zazing'ono. Muyenera kuwunika momwe amadyera mosamala, amakonda kudya mopitirira muyeso.
Zakudya zambiri, monga mbuzi zina, zimakhala ndi nyama yoswedwa, udzu, chinangwa, keke, nthambi ndi udzu, ndi zinyalala zamasamba. Muthanso kuwapatsa chakudya chapadera ngati muesli. Kawirikawiri izi zimakhala zosakanikirana bwino, zomwe zimakhala ndi seti, zomwe zimasintha ndi msinkhu wa nyama. Kuuma kwa kugaya zakudya zotere kumasiyananso, kutengera cholinga - opanga mbuzi, mbuzi, mkaka kapena mkaka (wokutidwa) mbuzi.
Mwachitsanzo, kuti mukongoletse mkaka ndi mtundu wa mkaka, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mickey yama micron (yomwe imapezeka chifukwa cha kukonza mbewu ndi ma infrared ray, omwe amapereka mawonekedwe osakhazikika) a chimanga - oats, balere, tirigu, chimanga, komanso keke ya beet, molasses, fulakesi ndi chakudya cha mpendadzuwa , kaloti zouma, beets.
Kumbukirani kuwonjezera choko cha calcium nthawi zina mukamapanga menyu. Mosasamala zaka zawo, ayenera kukhala ndi madzi okwanira. Komanso nthawi zina ikani maloboti apadera potengera mchere wamchere.
Izi zimawathandiza kudzaza zofooka za sodium ndi chlorine. Osangowagwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso kuti apewe kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi kapena poyizoni. M'nyengo yozizira, mutha kukhala ndi kuchuluka kwama tsache a linden, msondodzi kapena hazel. Osati birch.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Kawirikawiri nyama zazing'ono zimagulidwa koyamba. Apa ndikofunikira kuwonetsa udindo waukulu pakusankha. Kutsata kwa magawowo muyezo kuyenera kulembedwa. Mutha kufunsa kuti alawe mkaka wa mbuzi yamayi. Ana amafunika kuti agulidwe m'malo osiyanasiyana, makamaka m'minda zosiyanasiyana.
Ndi ubale wapamtima, mwanayo amakhala wosabereka komanso wofooka. Mbuzi za mtunduwu zimapezeka kuyambira miyezi 8, koma ndibwino kuti mudutse gawo lakale. Ntchitoyi ikukonzekera kutha kwa chilimwe, kuti ana akhale okonzeka kumapeto kwa dzinja.
Amakhulupirira kuti mtunduwu si wachonde. Komabe, mbuzi iliyonse imatha kuwonetsa chibadwa chogonana masiku onse 17-20. Izi zimawonekera chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwa mbuzi komanso kusadya bwino, kupatula apo, imangokhala yopanda tanthauzo, ikulira komanso ikung'amba.
Mimba imatenga masiku 150. Chifukwa chankhosa, amapezeka mbuzi 2-3. Anawo ndi akulu, amatha kusungidwa padera ndi mbuzi m'masiku angapo atabadwa. Ndikofunikira kuti m'masiku oyamba alandire colostrum ya amayi, izi zithandizira kupanga chitetezo, chomwe alibe pakubadwa.
Kusamalira banja
Anthu nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mbuzi za Nubian m'minda yawo. Kuswana kwawo kumakhala kosavuta, ndipo nyamazo sizomwe zimangokhala zongobwereza-bwereza. Amakonda msipu wodyetserako ziweto komanso udzu pamalo awoawo. Zinthu zofunika kwambiri ndi nyumba zotentha komanso kudyetsa moyenera. Yokhetsedwa kwa iwo iyenera kukhala yotenthedwa, yowuma komanso yopepuka.
Samalekerera ma drafti, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kusindikiza ming'alu ndi mabowo onse pamakoma. Koma mpweya wina ndi wofunikirabe kuti zinyalala zisatenthe, choncho ndi bwino kuzichita wekha. Kuphatikiza pazenera, komanso makamaka mawindo angapo, muyenera kubweretsa kuwala mchipinda. Izi ziwasangalatsa masiku awo achidule achisanu.
Zinyalala zimapangidwa ndi udzu, utuchi, kapena udzu. Makulidwe ake amaganiza kuti ndi ochokera pa masentimita 40 mpaka 50. Amapereka kutchinjiriza kwamatenthedwe komanso amateteza kuzizira. Mbuzi sizimakonda kugona pansi, chifukwa chake ndibwino kuti muziwapangira zotchingira dzuwa. Kuti muchite izi, nsanja imapangidwa mozungulira chipinda chamkati kuchokera kumitengo yayikulu kutalika kwa masentimita 40 kuchokera pansi.
Kuphatikiza apo, "mapiri akale" amawasautsa, amakonda kukwera kulikonse. Chifukwa chake, mutha kuwapanga mapiri ena ochepa. Ndi bwino kuwasunga ndi obadwa nawo. Ngakhale nthawi zina amatha kuyikidwa limodzi ndi mbuzi zina, komanso mbalame.
Kuyenda ndi gawo lofunikira pakusunga ma Nubian mopanda tanthauzo. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri amapanga khola pafupi ndi khola. Nyengo iliyonse, kupatula chisanu ndi mphepo yamkuntho, amayenera kukhala ndi mpweya wabwino.
Ana amasungidwa padera ndi nyama zazikulu, chipinda chawo chimakhala ndi njira yofananira, pansi pake pamakhala pansipa. Nthawi zina nyumba za mbuzi zimaphatikizidwanso m'nyengo yozizira ndi nthambi za coniferous, ndipo mawindo amatsekedwa kuchokera mkati.
Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa mtunduwo
Mbali zabwino:
- Zogulitsa zilibe fungo labwino.
- Mkaka ndi wapamwamba kwambiri.
- Amakhala achonde mokwanira komanso athanzi labwino.
- Amakhala ochezeka komanso oyenda, ngakhale mikhalidwe imeneyi ilinso ndi vuto.
- Pokhudzana ndi mwini wake, ndiwokonda, ogonjera komanso ogonjera.
- Khalidwe lawo likhoza kutchedwa ochezeka, osangalala, nthawi zambiri amakhala ziweto zoweta. Muzikhala bwino ndi ana.
- Ndiwanzeru komanso okongola kunja.
Mbali zoyipa:
- Analekerera kuzizira kwambiri chifukwa chosowa malaya amkati.
- Amafuna kudzisamalira okha kuposa mbuzi zina, chifukwa chake ndizoyenera kuswana m'minda ing'onoing'ono.
- Amatha kuwonetsa kuuma khosi komanso kusakhazikika (kumbukirani, kuyenda?), Chifukwa chake ndi munthu wamkulu yekha yemwe ayenera kuchita msipu.
- Kukhazikika nthawi zina kumangokhala tambala, amatha kutha, ngakhale alibe nyanga. Koma amataya msanga ngati awona kupambana kwa wotsutsana naye.
- Kukwera mtengo kwa nyama.
Ndemanga za nyama ndi mkaka wa a Nubiya
Nyama ya mbuzi ya Nubian Ndi mankhwala abwino kwambiri. Komanso, kutengera kukula kwake, pali nyama yambiri. Muli ma asidi amino, mafuta ndi mavitamini. Amanenedwa okalamba, ana, odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la mtima komanso chitetezo chamthupi.
Mkaka uli ndi mafuta ambiri, pafupifupi 5-8.5%. Ndipo mapuloteni omwe ali mmenemo ndi 3,7%. Ili patsogolo pa ziweto zina zambiri zabwino komanso zonenepa. Mzimayi wina waku Nubian amatha kupereka malita 3.5-5 a mkaka patsiku. Zimapanga tchizi, kanyumba tchizi ndi yogurt.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kukoma kwa mkaka ndikosangalatsa - kirimu, cholemera komanso chosakhwima. Anthu ena amawakonda ngati ayisikilimu, mtedza kapena mtedza. Potengera zomwe zili ndi ma microelements, ili pafupi ndi mkaka wa m'mawere wa anthu. Nyama ndi mkaka zilibe fungo lililonse.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, Kumadzulo, mbuzi zamtunduwu zimagulidwa mgulu kuti ziwonjezere zonse zomwe zimatulutsa. Masamba ena mutha kupeza ndemanga ndi upangiri kwa oweta mbuzi za novice. Ambiri samangokhala ndi chidwi ndi mafunso okhudza phindu la zinthu zomwe zimaperekedwa kuchokera ku Anglo-Nubian, komanso kubweza nyama.
Kupatula apo, mtengo wawo amawerengedwa kuti ndi waukulu - kuyambira ma ruble 150,000 mpaka 250,000 a mbuzi yayikulu, ndi 100,000 ya mbuzi yamwezi umodzi. Kuphatikiza apo, mukuyenerabe kuyesetsa kwambiri kuti mbuzi ikule ndipo mbuziyo iyambe kubala zipatso. Nthawi zambiri, amafunika anthu osachepera 4 kuti aswane. Ndipo awa ndi ndalama zazikulu. Koma eni odziwa akuti atachita bwino, ndalamazo zimatha kubwezeredwa zaka 3-4.
