Agalu samvera nthawi zonse zachibadwa kapena malingaliro. Nthawi ndi nthawi amayenera kuwonetsa luntha lawo, malingaliro. Ena amachita bwino kwambiri, enanso moyipa. Galu wanzeru kwambiri amabala - awa ndi omwe akunena kuti amamvetsetsa chilichonse, koma sangathe kunena. Nyama zimawonetsa zikhalidwe zawo m'njira zosayembekezereka. Ali ndi chidziwitso chatsopano.
Kalelo m'zaka zapitazi, Stanley Koren, wasayansi komanso pulofesa waku Canada, adaika agalu mwa luntha. Zinazikidwa pazambiri zomwe zimapezeka kwa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito galu, ophunzitsa, ophunzitsa agalu. Sikuti aliyense amaganiza kuti izi ndi zolondola, koma ndi mndandanda wotchuka kwambiri wa mitundu yanzeru kwambiri.
Malire a Collie
Ophunzitsa onse agwirizana kuti izi agalu anzeru kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi... Mtunduwo uli ndi mbiri yakale. Kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 16, agalu agwira ntchito, achulukitsa, atukuka m'malo omwe ali kumpoto kwa England, ku Scotland. Apa adachita nawo moyo wakumudzi: amayang'anira ndi kudyetsa nkhosa, amayang'anira malo a mwiniwake.
Agalu sali akulu kwambiri, amakula mpaka 50 cm, amalemera mpaka 20 kg. Kukula ndi luntha, amatha kudzipereka pamoyo wawo pakati pa makabati ndi masofa. Koma, monga talente iliyonse, amafuna chidwi chenicheni. Kuphatikiza pa chitonthozo, amafunikira kuyenda, kuphunzitsa kosalekeza, zolimbitsa thupi. Ayenera kulimbitsa minofu ndi ubongo wawo. Kupanda kutero, adzatopa, kuyamba kuwononga katunduyo, kuwakumbutsa za kukhalapo kwawo.
Chikopa
Mitunduyi idachokera ku Central Europe. Kale m'zaka za zana la 15, ma poodles adalowa m'nyumba zachifumu ndi nyumba zachifumu. O wamba sanathe kukhala ndi agalu amenewa. Popita nthawi, zinthu zidasintha, poodles akuchita ntchito zosaka, adakulitsa magwiritsidwe osiyanasiyana. Anagwiranso ntchito yankhondo.
Mitunduyi, chifukwa cha mbiri yakale, idapatsa nthambi 4, kukula kwake. Ichi ndi chifumu chachifumu, chaching'ono, chachimuna, choseweretsa. Zakudyazi - agalu anzeru kwambiri, kujambulidwa zofala kwambiri. Kutalika kapena malaya sizimakhudza mphatso za agaluwa. Mitundu yonse ndiyotheka kwambiri.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, adayamba kusungidwa ngati nyama zokongoletsera zokha. Malingaliro adabwerera kumbuyo, mawonekedwe agalu adakhala ofunikira. Kuphatikiza apo, ubweya wama poodle umakupatsani mwayi wodziwa zozizwitsa zachilendo za eni ndi omwe amakonzekeretsa. Zotsatira zake, ma poodle ndi omwe amachita nawo chidwi kwambiri pazowonetsa komanso ziwonetsero.
M'busa waku Germany
Tsiku lobadwa la mtunduwo limadziwika - ndi Ogasiti 1882. Ku Lower Saxony, ku Hanover, galu wamwamuna adawonetsedwa pawonetsero. Pambuyo pake dzina lake lotchulidwira - Greif - lidalembedwa mzere woyamba wa German Shepherd Studbook. Atatengera majini a ziweto zambiri, mbusa waku Germany adakhala m'busa woyamba komanso wochita bwino.
Mitunduyi imaphatikizapo mitundu iwiri: tsitsi lalifupi komanso lalitali. Mitundu yonseyi imafotokozedwa ndi muyeso wofanana. Kupatula chikuto, palibe chomwe chimasiyanitsa iwo. Agalu amaphunzitsidwa bwino. Kusintha kwa wophunzitsa kapena kuwongolera kumawoneka popanda kupsinjika. Izi zimathandizira pakuchita ntchito yankhondo kapena apolisi.
Mayina agalu anzeru kwambiri nthawi zambiri mumakhala mawu oti "mbusa", Chijeremani ndiye abwino kwambiri. Izi zimatsimikiziridwa osati kungopereka zikalata zotsimikizira kuti galu ndi kholo lawo. Pali miyezo yambiri, mayesero apadziko lonse lapansi, pakukhazikitsa komwe chiyambi chake chatsimikizika pochita.
Kubweza golide
Akatswiri ofufuza zinthu zakale anazindikira kuti nyama zomwe sizinakhaleko zakale zimaonedwa ngati zanzeru. Izi zikuphatikiza Golden Retriever. Nkhani zakomwe kunachokera mtunduwo ndizongopeka. Koma sanapitirire zaka 150. Mitunduyi idavomerezedwa mwalamulo mu 1913. Galu woyamba wagolide woyamba kubwera adafika ku Russia mu 1989.
Kununkhira, kukumbukira, kuthamanga msanga, ndi mawonekedwe ena amtunduwu ndizosayamika. Amalowa m'madzi mopanda mantha, amasambira bwino. Luntha, zokoma, mtendere zidasandutsa mlenje mnzake wanzeru. Nthawi zambiri, Golden Retriever imakhala yoteteza, kuwongolera.
Sheltie
Ku zilumba za Shetland, agalu ang'onoang'ono oweta anali kudyetsa nkhosa. M'zaka za m'ma 1800, agalu akuluakulu oweta ziweto ankatenga malo awo. Mitunduyi, yomwe idatchedwa "Sheltie" kale idakhalabe m'busa, koma kwenikweni idasamukira m'nyumba ndi nyumba, idakhala mnzake.
Sheltie amawoneka ngati kope kakang'ono ka Scottish Shepherd. Samakula kupitirira masentimita 37. Galu wokhala ndi tsitsi lolimba, lalitali. Yomangidwa bwino. Malingaliro amkati amaphatikizidwa ndi kukongola, ulemu. Makhalidwewa ndi ofunikira ngakhale agalu.
Labrador Retriever
Mitunduyi idaperekedwa padziko lapansi ndi chilumba cha Canada cha Newfoundland. M'zaka za zana la 19, a Labradors adapezeka ku Britain. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka zapitazi, mtundu wa mtundu unapangidwa. Nyama izi zinafika ku USSR mu 1960 mokha. Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, m'dziko lathu lakhala limodzi la mitundu yofunidwa kwambiri.
Galu wosaka Retriever, cholinga chake ndikupeza ndi kuwombera mlenjeyo. Labrador amalimbana ndi izi mosalakwitsa. Ndi mlenje wokonda kwambiri, amagwira ntchito ndi chikhumbo, akuwonetsa kupirira komanso kuleza mtima. Koma a Labradors si anzawo ocheperako, atsogoleri, opulumutsa. Obwezeretsanso golide ndi Labradors ali Galu wanzeru kwambiri komanso wokhulupirika kwambiri.
Papillon
Umenewu ndi mtundu wa zoseweretsa zaku toyambira zoyambira kontinenti. Maiko awiri - France ndi Belgium - amapikisana kuti awoneke ngati kwawo kwa agaluwa. Ofukula, lalikulu auricles anapereka dzina kwa mtundu - papillon. Omwe amatanthauzira kuti "gulugufe". Agalu ang'onoang'ono amadziwika kuti si anzeru kwambiri.
Mtundu uwu unali pakati pa anzeru kwambiri. Kulemera kwapakati pa nyama ndi kuchokera pa 2 mpaka 3.5 kg. Kutalika masentimita 21 - 25. Galu wapakhomo wokhala ndi zokongoletsa kwambiri. Yabwino pakutsuka mkanjo wake wautali.
Izi zimachitika pophunzitsa zimatsimikizira kuti Papillon - agalu aang'ono kwambiri... Imatsimikizira luntha lake pakupambana mpikisano womvera agalu - muyezo wophunzitsira, kusamalira ndi luntha, wovomerezedwa ndi FCI.
Doberman
Mitundu ingapo yabwino kwambiri yapangidwa ku Germany. Doberman ndi m'modzi wa iwo. Pafupifupi zaka 150 zapitazo, woweta wa ku Germany Karl Friedrich Louis Dobermann ku Grand Duchy ku Saxony mumzinda wa Apolda anamaliza ntchito yoswana ndi mtundu wina watsopano. Poyamba, mtunduwo unkatchedwa Thuringian Pinscher.
Agalu ndi aatali kwambiri (mpaka 72 cm), koma osalemera (35-40 kg). Chovala chachifupikichi chimatsindika kukongola ndi kupindika kwa thupi. Makhalidwe achitetezo ndi olondera ndiabwino. Pamwambamwamba pamakhala kukongola ndi kununkhira kwa agalu, kuwapangitsa kukhala ophulika magazi oyamba. Makhalidwe abwinowa amachulukitsidwa ndi luntha lalitali, chifukwa chake, Doberman ndi amodzi mwamitundu yabwino kwambiri yomwe imatumikira anthu.
Mchiritsi wabuluu
Kukula kwa ulimi ku Australia, kuyendetsa ng'ombe mtunda wautali kunadzetsa agalu a ng'ombe - ochiritsa buluu kapena aku Australia zaka 150 zapitazo. Ochiritsa ali ndi mayina ena: Australia Bouvier, Kettle Dog. Galu wamafupa owala komanso tsitsi lalifupi.
Ndi kukula kwakukulu (kutalika mpaka 50 cm), imangopeza makilogalamu 20 okha. Mtunduwo umachitika chifukwa chokhotakhota ndi agalu oweta a dingo. Pambuyo pake majini a Dalmatians ndi Kelpies adawonjezedwa. Wosakanizidwa adachita bwino kwambiri. Agalu ndi ochenjera mwachangu, ogwira ntchito molimbika komanso osakhazikika.
Wopanga
Kupezeka kwa Rottweiler pamndandanda wa agalu anzeru kwambiri sikungatsutsike. Palibe amene amanyoza kudzipereka kwa a Rottweiler, kufunitsitsa kwawo kutumikira, amakangana za luso laluntha. Makamaka, ndizodziwika bwino kuti galu savuta kuphunzitsa.
Galu ndi wamphamvu, wamtali pafupifupi 63 cm, amatha kulemera kupitirira 50 kg. Nyama ndi yolimba, imagwira ntchito ndi chikhumbo, chilakolako. Kuphatikiza pa kulimbitsa thupi, amawonetsa kulimba mtima, kuteteza munthu kapena katundu kumatha kutha. Kumangirizidwa kwa munthu m'modzi, zopweteka kusintha kusintha kwa eni.
Mbusa waku Australia
Dzina lachiwiri logwiritsidwa ntchito pamtunduwu ndi Aussie. Anakhazikitsidwa ku United States m'zaka za zana la 19. Ngakhale atafufuza mwachiphamaso, amaganiza kuti magazi a collie amayenda m'mitsempha yake. Kuphatikiza apo, Agalu a Nkhosa a ku Basque ndi Agalu Akumapiri a Bernese anali pachiyambi cha mtunduwo.
Wosakanizidwa adachita bwino. Polemera makilogalamu 21-30, galuyo amakula mpaka masentimita 44-55. Galu woyenda kwambiri, wopupuluma mwachangu. Kukhala mnyumba kumakhala kovuta kwa iye.
Kurzhaar
Mitundu yaku Germany, yomwe nthawi zambiri imadziwika kuti Galu Wosonyeza Wachijeremani Wachijeremani. M'zaka za zana la 19, kusaka kunayamba kupezeka pagulu lonse la anthu. Panali pempho la galu wamfuti wamba. Mu 1872, Hector I adabadwa - galu yemwe adakwaniritsa zofunikira zonse. Amadziwika kuti ndi bambo wa Kurzhaars onse. M'kanthawi kochepa, mtunduwu unafalikira ku Germany komanso ku Europe konse.
Ma Kurzhaars amalemera pang'ono makilogalamu 30, amakula mpaka masentimita 60-65. Tsitsi lalifupi lomwe lili pafupi ndi thupi silibisa kuchepa ndi kulimba kwa galu. Galu ndi wolimba, wolimbikira ntchito, kusakhala ndi chivundikiro chofunda sichimasokoneza kusaka m'malo otentha. Malo ogwirira ntchito kwambiri, psyche yokhazikika, luso lapamwamba kwambiri lophunzitsira limapangitsa kuti pointer yafupikitsa ikhale imodzi mwasaka abwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Bouvier
Dzinalo la mtundu wa Bouvier Flanders limamasuliridwa kuchokera ku French pafupifupi ngati "m'busa wa ng'ombe wochokera ku Flanders." Kwa nthawi yayitali, ma Bouviers amalimidwa kokha mdera la Belgian. Anatengedwa ndi amonke ochokera ku Ter Duinen Abbey. Kuchokera pamakoma a agulupa, galuyo adasamukira kumafamu wamba. Kukhala m'mafamu, iye ankadyetsa ng'ombe, ankateteza katundu, ankayang'anira zake ndi zina, ankakoka ngolo zonyamula katundu.
M'zaka zapitazi, chifukwa cha nkhondo, mtunduwo udatsala pang'ono kutha. Tsopano zobwezerezedwanso, pamwamba pamndandanda wa Mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya galu... Bouvier amatha kulemera makilogalamu 50, amakula mpaka masentimita 70. Galu ndi wamkulu, chifukwa chovala chachitali chowoneka ngati chachikulu. Mulibe zosokonekera, ulesi kapena kumverera kwa kulingalira mkati mwake.
Zamgululi
M'zaka za zana la XIV, malongosoledwe a galu amapezeka m'mabuku olembedwa. Pambuyo pake, nthano imabadwa kuti m'modzi mwa a Briards adawonekera m'khothi, akumuneneza Robert Maker wopha mbuye wake. Mitunduyi idatchuka pambuyo pa chiwonetsero ku Paris mu 1863. Muyeso woyamba udapangidwa mu 1897. Pa Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse, zikuwonongeka.
Kulemera kwa galu sikunatchulidwe ndi malamulowo, kumatha kukula mpaka masentimita 60-68. Nyama imakutidwa ndi tsitsi lalitali, utoto wosiyanasiyana umaloledwa. Galu ndiwosangalala, wosewera, wanzeru kwambiri komanso wophunzitsidwa bwino. Chifukwa cha kukula kwakukulu, kukhala mnyumbayo ndizosatheka.
Wachimereka waku America
Mitunduyi idapangidwa ku United States. Makolo ake ku England ndi Ireland anali kumenya nawo nkhondo nthawi zonse. Pamodzi ndi alendo ochokera m'zaka za zana la XIV, adafika ku States. Kumayambiriro kwa ntchito yoswana, anali osiyana ndi pit bull terriers, anali mtundu umodzi nawo - aku America > Pit Bull Terrier .
Mu 1936, waku America Staffordshire Terriers, kapena, monga adasindikizidwira momwe amatchulidwira, Amstaffs, amadziwika ngati mtundu wodziyimira pawokha. Chiwonetsero "Staffordshire" chikuwonetsa komwe agalu adayambitsa mtunduwu - Staffordshire.
Amstafs amakhala apakatikati (mpaka 48 cm), agalu a tsitsi lalifupi. Okhazikika, amphamvu, omenyera enieni. Amalemera pafupifupi 30 kg. Nyamazo mosakayikira ndizanzeru, koma ndizovuta. Kukhalapo kuyambira ali mwana m'banja, pakati pa anthu, kumapangitsa galu kukhala wochezeka, wokhulupirika.
Welsh corgi
Mitunduyi idachokera ku Middle Ages ku Wales. Agalu amatenga nthawi yayitali, amafupika - mpaka 30 cm kutalika. Ngakhale kuchuluka komwe sikuli koyenera kugwira ntchito zoweta - miyendo yayifupi, thupi lokhalitsa - Welsh Corgi mwaluso amatha kuthana ndi ziweto zambiri.
Posachedwa, kuchokera kumafamu osauka tasamukira kumaofesi amzindawu. Chikhalidwe chosangalala, kuthekera kuyanjana ndi anthu komanso nyama zina zidapangitsa agalu kukhala ntchito yothandizana nawo. Luntha, kuleza mtima ndi kufunira zabwino zimalola agalu kuchita chinthu chovuta monga chithandizo chamankhwala.
Schnauzer yaying'ono
Kalelo panali mtundu umodzi wa schnauzer. Tsopano imatchedwa mittel schnauzer (pakati schnauzer). Pafupifupi zaka 120 zapitazo, obereketsa adagulitsa Giant Schnauzer ndi Miniature Schnauzer. Zoyambayo ndizazikulu kwambiri, omalizawo ndi ocheperako pagulu la agalu ogwira ntchito zapamwamba - ma schnauzers.
Kukula kocheperako (mpaka masentimita 35 kutalika), Schnauzers yaying'ono ndi agalu omwe amatha kugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Kuwona bwino komanso kumva, kununkhiza bwino, kuphatikiza ndi kulimba mtima komanso kuphunzira mwachangu, zimapangitsa kuti agwiritse ntchito agalu pamunda uliwonse: m'busa, wogwira makoswe, mlonda, wofufuza, mnzake.
English Springer Spaniel
Mtunduwo udalumikizidwa ndi ma spaniel ena ndipo sunali wodziyimira pawokha. Atasankhidwa mu 1902 ngati mtundu wodziyimira pawokha, obereketsa adayamba kupanga zomwe zimapezeka mu English Springer Spaniel. Mtundu uliwonse wa spaniel umatsogoleredwa ndi masewera oyenera kukula.
English Springer Spaniels amakula mpaka 51 cm ndikulemera kupitirira 20 kg. Malayawo ndi ataliatali, ofewa kukhudza, omata thupi. Makutu ndi khadi loyimbira la spaniel onse. Amakhulupirira kuti English Springer Spaniels adakhala oyambitsa mitundu ina, m'dzina lake pali mawu oti "spaniel".
Pomeranian
Chaching'ono kwambiri kuposa Spitz yonse. Mtunduwo unali ndi mwayi: kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 18, agalu ochokera ku Pomerania anali okondedwa ndi olemekezeka ndi olemekezeka. Mfumukazi Victoria anali ndi ma Pomeranians angapo. Kuchokera apa, kutchuka kwa mtunduwu kwawonjezeka kangapo. Pomeranian anapezeka osati muzipinda zachifumu, komanso mu Mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya galu.
Obereketsawo anazindikira kupambana kwa mtunduwo ndipo adagwira ntchito molimbika kuti achepetse agalu. Munthawi ya Victoria, kukula kwa Spitz kudachepetsa. M'nthawi yathu ino, kukula kwa Pomeranian Spitz sikupitilira masentimita 18 mpaka 22. Ntchito yokhayo ya agalu okhala ndi mphuno ya nkhandwe ndi tsitsi lalitali ndikuwonjezera zosiyanasiyana m'miyoyo ya anthu. Pomeranian Spitz ndi agalu okongoletsera omwe amakumbukirabe komanso amapepuka mwachangu.
Mittel schnauzer
Mitunduyi idapangidwa ku Germany. Ku Middle Ages, idalimidwa ku Württemberg ndi Bavaria ngati gulu loweta komanso logwirira ntchito mosiyanasiyana. Inali yotchuka kwambiri. Zithunzi za ma mittelschnauzers zidapezeka m'mabuku a Albrecht Durer, m'mafilimu am'mizinda muzojambula za Rembrandt, ndi zina zotero.
Standard Schnauzer ndi dzina lachiwiri la mtunduwo. Galu amalemera pafupifupi makilogalamu 20, amakula mpaka masentimita 50. Malaya okhwima okhala ndi chovala chapamwamba kwambiri chimakwirira thupi lonse. Nsidze zodalirika, zotchinga zimapatsa galu mawonekedwe owoneka bwino. Galu titha kunena kuti anali wodzipereka.
