Ngakhale asodzi odziwa bwino ntchito yawo mwina sanamvepo za nsomba zosowa monga carp. Amapezeka m'madzi a nyanja zitatu za dziko lathu - Black, Azov ndi Caspian. Makamaka, pakamwa pa mitsinje ndi mitsinje yomwe imadutsa munyanjazi. Carp ndi ya banja la carp, ndi nsomba yopangidwa ndimadzi oyera.
Zimayimira mtundu wa roach. Mzinda wa Novy Oskol udasankha nsombazi kuti zizifanizira ndi malaya, popeza zimapezekamo zambiri. Pakadali pano ili mu Red Book of Russia mgululi "momwe sanatchulidwe." Adalembedwanso mu International Red Book.
Mu 2007, kubwezeretsa ndi kubereketsa kwa nsombazi kunayamba pamaziko a Medveditsky osaka nsomba. Idasankhidwa chifukwa chaichi, popeza ili pafupi ndi malo omwe zimayambira carp.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Nsomba za Carp chachikulu. Kutalika kumatha kukula mpaka 75 cm, ndikulemera makilogalamu 6-8. Thupi limatambasula, limakhuthala pang'ono m'mbali. Kunja kumawoneka ngati bala yopingasa. Mphuno yake ndi yosamveka, yozungulira. Mphumi ndiyotakata, yotsekemera. Msana ndi mutu ndizimvi zakuda, zobiriwira pang'ono, mbali zake ndi zasiliva, mimba ndi yoyera.
Zimasiyana ndi roach ndi masikelo ambiri pamzere wotalika kwambiri (mutha kuwerengera masikelo 65 mzera umodzi) ndi chikhodzodzo chosongoka, chodabwitsa chotalikirapo mozungulira kumbuyo. Zipsepse kumbuyo ndi zakuda, zina zonse ndi zotuwa.
Mchira umatanthauzidwa bwino, wamphanda komanso wamdima. Maso ndi ochepa, koma okongola kwambiri, "madontho" akuda m'mizere ya silvery. Nsagwada zakumtunda zimayenda pang'ono pang'ono pamunsi. Anatchedwa Carp chifukwa chakuti mano ake amphako ndi olimba komanso osongoka, amatha kudula kapena kudula china chake.
Amuna omwe amalowa mumtsinjewu kuti abereke amakhala ndi ma tubercles owoneka ngati khunyu. Nthawi zambiri kudula pa chithunzi imawoneka ngati nsomba yayikulu kwambiri. Mamba ake okhala ndi chitsulo chachitsulo amagona momveka bwino komanso mofanana, mbali zake zimanyezimira ndi kuwala kwatsopano, ndipo kumbuyo kwake kudada pang'ono, ngati siliva wakuda. Mtundu wa heraldry.
Mitundu
Carp ili ndi ma subspecies awiri okha:
1. Kwenikweni iyemwini carp, amakhala mu beseni la Nyanja Yakuda ndi Azov.
2. Lachiwiri ndi Kutum, wokhala ku Nyanja ya Caspian, kumwera. Mitunduyi ndi yaying'ono kukula ndi kulemera kwake. Koma anali Caspian Kutum, mwina, ndiye kholo la Black Sea-Azov carp. Amakonda madzi amchere komanso amchere. Kukula kwake ndi 40-45 cm, osachepera 70 cm.Nthawi zambiri kulemera kwake kumakhala mpaka 5 kg, ngakhale anthu osowa amakula mpaka 7 kg.
Kutum inali nsomba yamalonda yamalonda yomwe imakololedwa pamalonda. Tsopano chiwerengero chake chatsika kwambiri. Cholinga chake ndikuwononga chilengedwe komanso kuwononga zachilengedwe chifukwa cha caviar yamtengo wapatali. Tsopano imagwidwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Caspian m'chigawo cha Azerbaijan, komanso m'mphepete mwa Mtsinje wa Kura.
Onse carp ndi kutum amawerengedwa ngati nsomba za anadomous, ngakhale alinso ndi mitundu yokhalamo. Nsomba za anadromous ndi omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali m'nyanja, ndipo ena amakhala mumitsinje ikulowerera. Nsomba zokhalamo ndi omwe asankha mtundu umodzi wosungira kuti azikhalamo ndi mitundu yonse ya moyo.
Mitundu iwiriyi imasiyana osati kukula komanso malo osiyanasiyana amoyo, komanso njira yoberekera. Caspian kutum amatulutsa mazira m'madzi pafupi ndi zomera kapena mizu ya mitengo, ndipo carp ndiwosamalitsa, imangobwera pansi pamtsinje ndi miyala ndi timiyala ndipo imakonda kuyenda mwachangu.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Malo obadwira oyamba a carp amadziwika kuti ndi Caspian Sea. Kuchokera pamenepo kuti zidafalikira ku Azov ndi Black Sea. Carp mu Volga osowa. Nthawi zambiri masika, ndimasukulu odutsa nsomba - bream, roach, etc. Koma sakukwera pamwamba pamtsinje.
Sichidutsa mumtsinje wa Ural konse. Chifukwa cha izi, mwina, ndikuti mitsinjeyi ndiyopepuka. Ndipo osambira athu amasankha mitsinje yothamanga ndi miyala pansi ndi madzi ozizira. Zimakhalanso zovuta kuziwona mu Dnieper ndipo m'misunamo yambiri, sizimangopitilira ma rapids konse. Adasankha ena mwa omwe amapereka ku Dnieper, ngati Desna ndi Svisloch, komwe kukufulumira.
Koma nthawi zambiri amapezeka ku Dniester, Bug ndi Don. Carp mumtsinje wa Don imapezeka nthawi zambiri, imafika ku Voronezh. Amatha kuyang'ananso mumisonkho - Udu ndi Oskol, koma pano amadziwika kuti ndi nsomba zosowa kwenikweni. Komabe, monga Kuban.
Maiko ena kupatula Russia amudziwa bwino. Mwachitsanzo, Azerbaijan, Iraq, Iran, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Moldova, Turkey, Turkmenistan. Koma kumeneko amatchedwa "kutum". Sanaphunzire mokwanira, moyo wake sudziwika kwenikweni. Makamaka chifukwa choti nthawi zonse amakhala nsomba yowopsa.
Ndipo tsopano, komanso, zakhala zachilendo. Imasunga m'magulu amphepete mwa nyanja, panyanja komanso m'malo amitsinje. Chakumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena koyambirira kwa nthawi yophukira, amalowa m'mitsinje pang'ono, amatulutsa, amakhala nthawi yozizira pano ndikubwerera. Amadziwika ndi mantha, kusamala komanso kuthamanga.
Zakudya zabwino
Menyu ndiyochepa, imadya nkhono, nyongolotsi ndi tizilombo. Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono, ntchentche, agulugufe, ndi tizilombo ta m'madzi ndizomwe zimatha kugwira. Nsomba iyi ndi yamanyazi kwambiri, imagwiranso ntchito kusuntha kulikonse kapena phokoso. Ngati pangozi zadziwika, sizingawonekere kwa nthawi yayitali.
Chifukwa chake, kusaka mwamwambo kumasiyanitsidwa ndi nzeru zapadera. Nsomba ya carp nthawi zambiri imasaka m'mawa kapena usiku. Zonsezi zimachitika mozama mokwanira. Sichikwera pamwamba. Carp amayesetsa kuti asayandikire pamwamba pamadzi mosafunikira. Komanso pobzala, amasankha madera ozizira am'nyanja ngati "khitchini" yake kapena amapita mumtsinje.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Carp ndi wokonzeka kubereka ali ndi zaka 4-5. Pakadali pano, amakhala wokhwima pogonana. Kukula kwake kumafika 40cm. Amalowa mumtsinjewu, amasankha madera omwe ali ndi madzi othamanga komanso oyera. Mwa njira, kutentha kwamadzi sikuyenera kupitilira 14 ºС. Amakonda madzi ozizira okwanira. Payenera kukhala miyala ndi miyala pansi pake. Nthawi yodzaza ikhoza kukhala masika ndi nthawi yophukira.
Asanakwatirane, carp yamphongo imakhala yokongola kwambiri. Zipsepse zake zimakhala ndi mtundu wokongola wa pinki wabuluu. Iyenso "adakongoletsedwa" ndi ma tubercles olimba. Zonsezi kuti akope bwenzi. Masewera atakwatirana, amabwezeretsanso mawonekedwe ake akale, kukongola kumeneku sikufunikanso kwa iye.
Mwa njira, nthawi ina ankakhulupirira kuti pazifukwa izi ma tubercles omwe anali kumtunda kwamwamuna amafunikira. Komabe, kunapezeka kuti zophuka sanali kokha kwa kukongola. Iye "amapukuta" pamwamba pa mwalawo nawo, pomwe mayi woyembekezera amasiya mazira ake, ndikuchotsa zonyansa zakunja ndi dothi.
Kenako mnzakeyo amayamba kupukuta molimba malowa, nthawi zina kumadzipweteka. Mkazi aliyense pakadali pano ali ndi abambo osachepera atatu. Onse amayesetsa kumuthandiza kuti amere, osasokonezedwa ngakhale ndi chakudya. Zonse pamodzi kenako zimakanikiza mwamphamvu pamwala mothandizidwa ndi zophuka. Carp ndi yachonde kwambiri, mu nyengo imodzi amatha kuyikira mazira mpaka 150,000.
Kubzala ku Kutum ndikosiyana pang'ono. Kubereka kumachitika m'madzi osayenda, kapena pang'onopang'ono. Nthaka ilibe kanthu. Mphutsi zimasiyidwa pomwe zimatha kugwira - pamiyala, m'nkhalango zamiyala. Carp amakhala pafupifupi zaka 10-12. Zowona, panali anthu omwe amakhala ndi zaka 20.
Kugwira
Nyama ndi caviar ya carp ndi kutum ndizabwino kwambiri komanso ndizofunika kwambiri kuposa roach. choncho kusodza carp wosasamala kwambiri, ngakhale ndi ochepa. Izi ndizovuta kawiri konse chifukwa chakuti amasamala kwambiri. Mukamuwopseza, musayembekezere kuti abwerera mwachangu kumalo ano. Atha kubwera komweko kwa masiku angapo, ngakhale zitakhala kuti zonse zili komweko.
Popeza amakonda "malo osambira" ozizira, ayenera kugwidwa mozama kwambiri. Chifukwa cha ichi, ntchito yosodza imakhala yovuta kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, nsomba iyi imagwidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zoyandama kapena zapansi. Carp (kutum) imasiyanitsidwa ndi kuluma pafupipafupi komanso kuuma mtima kwakukulu mukamasewera.
Timatenga zida zoyandama kutengera luso lanu losodza komanso momwe mukusodza. Pofuna kuwedza pafupi ndi gombe, amatenga ndodo zokulirapo kukula kwa 5-6 m. Carp ndiwosamala komanso mosamala kwambiri, pamafunika kusintha kwina. Musaiwale za kudyetsa ndi nyambo, amatenga gawo lofunikira pakugwira nsomba iyi.
Pofuna kusodza pansi, tikuganiza kuti tigwiritse ntchito feeder - Chingerezi pansi pothira nsomba. Uku ndikusodza ndi odyetsa. Athetsa theka lavuto lakusodza, mutha kudyetsa komweko, zomwe zingakuthandizeni kusonkhanitsa nyama pamalo ena mwachangu. Chakudyacho chikatsukidwa mchomeramo, chimayenda pansi, ndikupanga malo okhala pansi.
Malangizo ochepa owedza:
- Chinthu choyamba - musanagwire nsomba iyi, fufuzani ngati ingagwidwe mderali. Musaiwale, ili ndi udindo wokhala ngati mlonda.
- Zomwe mungagwire carp - kambiranani ndi asodzi am'deralo poyamba. Nthawi zambiri, zimaluma zipolopolo, nyongolotsi, nkhanu, nyama kapena khosi la nsomba zazinkhanira.
- Pofuna kusodza, sankhani malo obisika, madzi ayenera kukhala oyera, payenera kukhala miyala yambiri. Ndibwino ngati pali ma edd ang'onoang'ono.
- Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zidutswa za mtanda kapena nyama ya chipolopolo ngati nyambo. Ponyani pansi kwa masiku angapo, kapena tsiku lililonse, makamaka madzulo kapena madzulo.
- Kusodza carp, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ndodo za carp. Ingotenga mzere wautali, simugwira pafupi ndi gombe. Ndodo ziwiri ndizokwanira kusodza.
- Pitani kukawedza m'mawa kwambiri, madzulo kapena usiku. Masana, carp imabisala.
- Mukayamba kusuta, tsekani nthawi yomweyo. Musamulole kuti "ayende pamzere". Ndimasewera kwambiri, amathamangira uku ndi uku. Yesetsani kutsogolera ndodoyo kutali.
Zosangalatsa
- Tidaphunzira za kutumizira kuchokera ku kachitidwe kakang'ono ka V. Vysotsky "Nkhani yokhudza Kutum". Kupanga konseku kutengera nkhani ya wachikulire wa ku Azerbaijan momwe angagwirire ndi kuphika kutum. Vysotsky adalemba nkhaniyi ali ku Lankaran mu 1970, tili ndi dziko limodzi lokonda kucheza. Kutum, m'mawu a nzika yakale yakum'mawa, "ndiwokoma kuposa maswiti."
- Kudera la Krasnodar, pamtsinje wa Khosta, kudula kumatchedwa "kuyera" chifukwa cha utoto wake. Amazigwira m'malo amenewo monga chimanga, tchizi wokonzedwa, nyama ya mussel, buledi ndi matope. Komabe, osati panthawi yomwe amalowa m'madzi ochepa. Apa, ntchito yake ndi yotsika kwambiri, samangoluma.
- Ku Iran, kutum akukonzekera alendo okondedwa okha; pali maphikidwe ambiri am'banja ophikira nsomba, omwe amasunga nthawi yayitali. Imodzi mwa maphikidwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mabanja ambiri. Chakudya chotchedwa "Nsomba Zodzaza" kapena "Balyg Lyavyangi". Mtembo wosenda wa nsomba umadzaza nyama yosungunuka, yomwe imayenera kukhala ndi mtedza, zitsamba, tsabola, mchere. Maula a chitumbuwa ochulukirapo, anyezi wobiriwira ndi mphodza amapereka kukoma kwapadera. Amadyetsa onunkhira amasankhidwa - cilantro, katsabola. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mbale yachikondwerero ku Novruz Bayram.
- Kutum amadziwika kuti ndi nsomba yachipembedzo ku Azerbaijan. Pilaf, mbale zosiyanasiyana zotentha ndi ma omelets (kyukyu) amapangidwa kuchokera pamenepo. Amasutanso fodya, wodzaza masamba ndi wokutidwa ndi masamba amkuyu. Alendo amatcha mbale iyi "Nyambita zala zako!"
