Goby - nsomba yomwe amakonda kwambiri omwe amakhala pafupi ndi nyanja ndi mitsinje yaku Russia. Zakudya zokoma ndi zokoma zimakonzedwa kuchokera pamenepo, ndipo ma gobies ndi ofunika kwambiri posodza m'mafakitale. Nyama ya nsombayi ili ndi mavitamini ambiri ndi zinthu zofunikira m'thupi. M'chigawo chilichonse mdziko muno muli mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imasiyana ndipo ili ndi machitidwe awo.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Nsomba za Goby ndi ya dongosolo la agogo ndi banja la nsomba zopangidwa ndi ray. Thupi lawo limapangidwa ngati kondomu, loyenda bwino. Ndi chokulirapo kumutu kuposa kumchira. Mambawo ndi ochepa komanso olimba. Mutu ndi wawukulu, wokhala ndi chipumi chachikulu komanso maso ozungulira.
Mwakuwoneka, nsomba imafanana ndi ng'ombe, yomwe idatchedwa dzina. Kukula kwake kumasiyana masentimita 8 mpaka 15, ndipo mitundu ikuluikulu imatha kutalika masentimita 50. Kulemera kwa nsomba zazing'ono kumachokera ku 35 g, ndipo zazikulu mpaka 2 kg.
Zipsepse pamchira ndi kumbuyo ndizitali. Mmbuyomo mumakhala mafupa angapo owoneka bwino omwe amatchedwa cheza. Fini iyi imagawika magawo awiri, yaying'ono ili pafupi pang'ono ndi mutu, gawo lalikulu kwambiri lili kumchira. Pachifuwa ndi kumapeto kwa mchira, zipsepsezo ndizochepa komanso zozungulira.
Pamimba, popanga chisinthiko, zipsepsezo zidalumikizana ndikupanga chikho chokoka. Mothandizidwa nayo, nsombayo imagwiritsabe misampha pansi, mozungulira komanso mozungulira. Imakhala yolimba kwambiri mwakuti siigwedezeka pakamagwa mafunde ndi mafunde amphamvu.
Mtundu wa masikelo ndiwosiyana mitundu yonse. Gobies nthawi zambiri amakhala ofiira kapena achikaso ofiira okhala ndi mikwingwirima ndi mawanga osiyanasiyana. Zipsepsezo zimatha kukhala zowonekera, zofiirira, kapena zamawangamawanga.
Mitundu
Gobies adagawika mitundu pafupifupi 1,400. Ambiri aiwo ndi akale kwambiri. Amatha kukhala mtsinje kapena moyo wam'madzi. Pafupifupi anthu 25 amakhala m'masamba a Nyanja Yakuda mitundu ya goby, ndipo okonda kusodza amakonda kugwira nsomba izi:
- Khosi la Goby kapena shirman. Mtundu wa thupi ndi wotuwa, pambali pake pamakhala madontho abuluu, zipsepsezo zili ndi mizere.
- Bighead goby kapena agogo. Nsombazo ndi zofiirira ndi mawanga akuda ndi ofiira. Mutu wake ndiwophwatalala pang'ono, mkamwa ndi waukulu.
- Kulankhula kwa Martovik... Nsomba yayikulu yomwe imakula mpaka 70 cm m'litali ndikulemera 1.5 kg. Mutu ndi waukulu, mitsempha ndi yotakata.
- Wolemba gogo wa sandpiper... Nsomba zapakatikati. Kutalika 20 cm, yolemera magalamu 200-350. Mambawo ndi achikasu otumbululuka, okhala ndi zilembo zazing'ono. Zipsepsezo ndizosuntha. Pachithunzichi ng'ombe, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kuziwona, chifukwa zimaphatikizana ndi pansi pamchenga.
- Kuzungulira mozungulira kapena kutsak. Amapezeka munyanja za Azov ndi Black. Mtunduwo ndi wakuda, pafupifupi wakuda. Amakhala m'madzi amchere ndi amchere, pansi pamchenga kapena mwala.
Poyamba, zimawoneka kuti nsomba ya goby imawoneka yosawoneka. Mtundu ndiwofatsa, kukula kwake ndikochepa. Komabe, m'maiko ena mulinso nsombazi, koma zamtundu wina. Mtundu wawo umatha kukhala wowala kwambiri, kuyambira lalanje mpaka buluu. Amakhala m'malo otentha ndipo amatha kufikira kukula kwakukulu.
Nsomba za Goby zimafanana kunja ndi ma rotans. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa mutu. Mu rotan, imakhala m'thupi lonse; motsutsana ndi mbiri yawo, mutu wa goby amawoneka wocheperako. Chizindikiro chachiwiri chosiyana ndi mawonekedwe a thupi.
Ma Rotan ndi osyasyalika, ndipo ziphuphu zimakhala zowala kwambiri ndipo zimangoyandikira pafupi ndi mchira. Zambiri pa rotan ndi ng'ombe zipsepse zosiyana m'chiuno. Poyamba, ndizocheperako, koma zowonjezera. Amagwiritsa ntchito poyenda pansi, ndipo goby amakhala ndi woyamwa pamenepo.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Gobies amakhala ku Azov, Nyanja Yakuda, Caspian, Mediterranean ndi Baltic. Komanso mumitsinje: Moscow, Volga, Ural, Dnieper, Bug ndi nyanja za Southern Urals. Nsombazi zimakhala moyo wokhazikika panyanja komanso pamtsinje, pakati pamchenga ndi miyala.
M'chilimwe samasambira kupita pansi penipeni, makamaka amakhala pafupi ndi gombe. Gobies ndi nsomba zochedwa komanso zosakhazikika. Nthawi zambiri amabisala pakati pa miyala ndi ndere, zimabowola. Amadzikumbira mumchenga, amasintha malo awo okhala m'nyengo yozizira posambira.
Pakakhala kusintha kwamphamvu kwamatenthedwe m'madzi kapena nyengo yovuta, ma gobies amakhala osayenda. Amagwa daze, amasiya kusaka ndikudikirira nthawi yabwinoko.
Mtundu wobisala umawathandiza kubisala kuzilombo. Gobies amakhala ozunzidwa ndi pike-perch, sturgeon, zisindikizo ndi Azov dolphins. Komanso amadyedwa ndi nthumwi zazikulu za mitundu yawo. Mwachitsanzo, mbalame zapakhosi zimatha kusaka mwachangu anthu ena. Kuphatikiza pa adani omwe ali m'madzi, palinso ena omwe amafuna kudya ma gobies pamtunda. Izi ndi abuluzi, mbalame zam'madzi, njoka ndi anthu.
Zakudya zabwino
A Gobies amayang'ana chakudya mu silt, pakati pa miyala ndi ndere. Chakudya chawo chomwe amakonda kwambiri ndi nkhanu zazing'ono ndi nkhanu. Amadyanso nkhono zam'madzi, nyongolotsi, mphutsi zosiyanasiyana za tizilombo komanso mwachangu za nsomba zina.
A Gobies amabisala m'misasa ndikudikirira kuti nyama yowoneka iwonekere. Izi zitangochitika, nsombayo imadzidzimuka mwadzidzidzi ndikumeza chakudya chonse. Kenako amabisalanso ndikudikirira gawo lina.
Mwa mitundu yonseyi pali stefodon goby, yomwe siili yodya. Amadya ndere ndi tinthu tawo tating'ono. Nthawi zambiri, ndi mtundu womwe umakhala nyama yolanda nyama mitundu ya goby.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Nthawi yoberekera nsomba iyi ndi yayitali. Marine ndi madzi oyera a gobies imayamba masika ndipo imatha kuyandikira nthawi yophukira. Amuna okhwima kwathunthu kumapeto kwa zaka ziwiri za moyo. Mtundu wawo umayamba kusintha ndikukhala wakuda ndimayendedwe angapo.
Amuna okonzeka kuswana akufuna malo oti "kukaikira mazira" pakati pa miyala ndi silt. Pali ofunsira angapo m'malo amodzi. Kenako nsombazi zimakonzekera kumenya nkhondo kuti ziteteze ufulu wawo. Amalimbana wina ndi mnzake, kupambana kopambana, ndipo otayika abwerera kwawo ndikuyang'ana njira zina.
Amuna ali ndi mitala ndipo amakopa akazi angapo nthawi imodzi. Amagona pansi ndi kunjenjemera ndi zipsepse zawo, kutulutsa mafunde akupanga ndikumveka phokoso lomwe limakopa akazi. Kenako, zazikazi zimasambira mu chisa ndi umuna. Kenako amabala.
Mazira a gobies amakhala ndi mawonekedwe otambalala, ngati mpunga, ndipo flagella yapadera imapangidwa kumapeto kwake. Ndi thandizo lawo, mazirawo amangokhala mwamphamvu pamiyala kapena algae, sawopa nyengo yoipa ndi mkuntho.
Iliyonse mwa zazikazi zimatha kuikira mazira 2,000 mpaka 8,000. Akaponya, amasambira, ndipo abambo amakhala kuti azisamalira caviar ndikuzitchinjiriza kwa iwo omwe akufuna kudya, kwa mwezi umodzi. Kusamalira kwawo mazira kumafanana ndi momwe amaikira mazira mu mbalame. Nsombazi nthawi zonse zimakhala pamwamba pa mazira ndipo zimawombera zipsepse zake kuti ziwapatse mpweya.
Pakatha mwezi umodzi, timabungu ting'onoting'ono timatuluka m'mazira, omwe amakhala achangu. Ana nthawi yomweyo amakhala odziyimira pawokha ndikudzifunira okha chakudya. Choyamba, amadya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono, ndipo akamakula amasinthana ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana.
Utali wa nsomba izi ndi waufupi kwambiri, pazaka - zaka 5. Chikhalidwe cha manambala chikuyang'aniridwa ndi ichthyologists. Popeza ma gobies ndi ofunikira kwambiri pantchito yosodza, anthu ake ndi osakhazikika. Nthawi zina kunyanja ndi nyanja, kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa ziwerengero kumadziwika, ndipo nthawi zina kumakhala kwina.
Anthu okhala pafupi ndi Nyanja ya Azov ali ndi nkhawa ndi kuteteza kwa kuchuluka kwa ma gobies. Pakati pa nthawi yobereka, sikuletsedwa kugwira nsomba, kuyenda pamabwato oyandama ndikuboola pansi.
Kugwira ndi mtengo
Nthawi yabwino yogwira zigubi ndi nthawi yophukira. Chifukwa nyengo yachisanu isanafike pansi, nsomba zimayesetsa kuwonjezera mphamvu ndikukhala olimba mtima. Amagwira ntchito usiku mpaka m'mawa, ndipo pafupi ndi nthawi yamasana kuluma kumawonongeka kwambiri.
Zimakhala zovuta kugwira zigololo nthawi yotentha. Madzi akaima, mwachitsanzo, munyanja, ma gobies amachepetsa ntchito ndipo amabisala pansi. Amayembekezera kuti madzi ayambe kugwedezeka, kuti madzi osaya ayambe kubweretsa nyama.
Mkuntho wamphamvu ndi mafunde, gobies amapita kuya kuya kwa mita 15 - 20, ndipo nyengo yamvula ndi yamvula amasambira pafupi ndi gombe. Nthawi yomwe kusodza sikungabweretse nsomba iliyonse ndi Ogasiti. Pakadali pano, zomera zam'madzi zimayamba kuphulika ndipo gobies yadzaza. Chifukwa pachimakechi amakopa ma crustaceans ambiri komanso nzika za benthic.
Govayo imatha kugwidwa ndi ndodo iliyonse yosodza, yopota komanso kuyandama pafupipafupi. Sikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ndodo yopota yopangira nsomba zam'madzi, chifukwa ma gobies ndi ochepa kwambiri. Kutsogola sikuyenera kukhala kumapeto kwenikweni kwa mzere, pambuyo pake pakhale pafupifupi theka la mita kufika pamzere, ndipo mtsogolowo agone pansi.
Zida zouluka za ntchentche zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito, chifukwa nsomba imakopeka ndimayendedwe omwewo monga nyama yomwe imakonda kudya. Gobies mofunitsitsa amakodola nyambo ikamayenda pansi, pafupifupi masentimita 5 mpaka 15, kenako nkuima mwadzidzidzi. Amathamangira ndikumenya nyama ikayimirira. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mzere wazomwe zachitikazo.
Nkhumbazo ziyenera kukhala ndi mtambo wautali, monga momwe nsomba zimawamezera kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri asodzi amatenga mbedza kuyambira 5 mpaka 12. Kuti mugwire goby kuchokera kugombe, muyenera ndodo yayitali, mpaka 3 mita, ndipo ngati mukuwedza kuchokera bwato - 1.5 mita.
Zidutswa zazing'ono za nyama yaiwisi, chiwindi kapena gawo la thupi la yemwe wagwidwa kale, ng'ombe yaying'ono ndiyabwino ngati nyambo. Amaluma kwambiri shrimp, crustaceans, nkhono, nyongolotsi ndi ma squid tentacles. Ndiponso opota ang'onoang'ono, microjig amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Njira yosodza ndiyosavuta. Muyenera kuponyera kutali, kenako pang'onopang'ono mutambasula mzere ndi zingwe zazing'ono, ndiye kuti, muziyenda chimodzimodzi ngati nsomba yaying'ono yamtsinje. Pakadali pano nyambo ikauma, ng'ombeyo imamenya, ndikupumira pomwepo ndi 20 cm.
Chofunikira ndikuti mukhale osamala ndikutenga nthawi yanu, chifukwa nsomba sidzaluma pa nyambo yomwe imayenda mwachangu kwambiri. Kusodza m'bwato, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira yodikirira. Pogwiritsa nsomba zazikulu, gwiritsani ntchito microjig kapena vibro-michira, kukoka pang'ono.
Zinthu zabwino kwambiri posodza ndi izi:
- mvula yamvula yayitali;
- kutentha kwa mpweya kuyambira +10 mpaka +27;
- malo mumthunzi, pomwe ndi osaya, m'nkhalango momwe madzi amakhala osalala ndi ofunda;
Nsomba zazing'ono zazing'ono zazing'ono zili pamsika kuyambira ma ruble 40 mpaka 120 pa kilogalamu. Zambiri zazikulu zazikulu - kuchokera rubles 130 mpaka 500. Pamsodzi, nsomba zimagwidwa pakati pa nyanja za Azov ndi Black. Kwenikweni ndimagwiritsira ntchito zakudya zamzitini, zouma ndi zouma.
Nsomba achisanu amagulidwa kupanga cutlets, msuzi nsomba. Simawotchera kawirikawiri chifukwa ndi mafupa ambiri. Nsomba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndizopangidwa ndi phwetekere. Zimagulitsidwa zonse zamzitini ndikukonzekera kunyumba.
Anthu ambiri amakonda kudya ma gobies amtundu uliwonse. Nsombazo zidapezeka kuti zinali zathanzi komanso zokoma mwakuti zidapangidwa chipilala chomupatsa ulemu. Ili mumzinda wa Yeysk, m'dera la Krasnodar, mumsewu waukulu, ndipo umatchedwa "Bychok - Mfumu ya Nyanja ya Azov."
Ndipo palinso chipilala ku Zaporozhye, ku Berdyansk. Ikuperekedwa kwa "Goby - wopezera ndalama". Chifukwa pa nthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, anthu anali ndi njala. Koma chifukwa cha nyama yodyetsa komanso yonenepa ya nsombayi, mazana a ana ndi akulu adapulumuka osafa ndi njala.
