Tizilombo tochokera ku hemiptera yokhala ndi dzina lokongola, kachilomboka ka marble ndi koopsa kwambiri kwa alimi akumidzi. Iye ndiye mtsogoleri paudindo wa tizirombo tomwe timagulitsa mbewu mdziko lathu. Mauthenga okhudzana ndi mawonekedwe ake amafanana ndi malipoti akutsogolo omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chokhudza kulowa mdani kumadera atsopano. Dzina lonse la mlendo ndi kachilombo ka marble kofiirira.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Mtundu womwe umakhala ngati kachilombo kachitetezo, kofanana ndi tizilombo ta mtundu wake. Thupi lathyathyathya lopangidwa ndi peyala ndi 11-17 mm kutalika. Mtundu wa kachilombo kamene kali ndi bulauni kapena imvi.
Mawanga a mithunzi yosiyana amabalalika pamutu ndi kumbuyo, komwe "marble" adakhazikika m'dzina la kachilomboka. Kuchokera patali, kusintha kwamitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana kumakhala ndi mkuwa, m'malo amtundu wachitsulo chamtambo.
Pansi pake pa thupi pamakhala chopepuka kuposa pamwambapa. Mitundu yakuda imakhalapo. Miyendo ndi ya bulauni ndi mikwingwirima yoyera. Antenna, mosiyana ndi obadwa nawo, amakongoletsedwa ndi zikwapu zochepa. Mbali yolumikizidwa ndi ukonde wa chionetserocho imadziwika ndi mikwingwirima yakuda.
Monga nsikidzi zina zamitundu yambiri ya hemiptera, woyimira marble wa mtunduwo amatulutsa fungo losasangalatsa. Fungo lonunkhira limapereka "zonunkhira" za kanyimbi, chisakanizo cha labala wowotcha, cilantro. Maonekedwe a alendo amamva nthawi yomweyo, ndizovuta kuti musawone. Kununkha kwakonzedwa kuti kutetezere kachilomboka ku mbalame zodya nyama ndi nyama.
Pakati pa alimi ndi alimi a magalimoto, amamutcha kuti - kachilombo koyipa. Ziphuphu zomwe zimatulutsa mankhwala otetezera zili pansi pa chifuwa, pamimba. Tizilombo timene timakonda kutentha timamva bwino mpweya ukatenthedwa kuchokera ku 15 ° C mpaka 33 ° C. Malo abwino kwambiri ndi kutentha kwa 20-25 ° C.
Marble bug Ndi vuto lalikulu kwa alimi. Tizilomboto timawononga mbewu, zipatso, ndi zomera zambiri zolimidwa. Malo okhala mbozi zosusuka zikukulirakulira mosalekeza. Chiyambi cha kachilombo koyipa kamayenderana ndi dera la Southeast Asia (Vietnam, China, Japan), komwe lidalembedwa koyamba zaka 20 zapitazo.
Kenako kachilomboko kanabweretsedwa ku America, Europe, kukagawira ku Georgia, Turkey, Abkhazia, ndikulowa mu Russia. Zimavomerezedwa kuti wamsamukayo adabweretsedwa ndi zipatso za zipatso. Tizilombo tambiri tambiri tingawopseze madera azaulimi. Chingwe cha mabulosi abuluu chili pa Mndandanda Wogwirizana wazinthu Zokha, zomwe zimavomerezedwa ndi Commission ya Eurasian ku 2016.
Omwe adasamukira komweko adayamba kuyang'ana madera akumwera a Russia zaka 3-4 zapitazo. Nzika zakum'mwera kwa dziko lathu zidakumana ndiulendo wopita kunyumba ndi zomangamanga pofika nthawi yophukira 2017.
Kotero, nsangalabwi ku Abkhazia anawononga oposa theka la mbewu zamtundu wa tangerine. Komanso, tizilombo tinapezeka ndi anthu okhala mdera la Sochi ndi Novorossiysk.
Zinapezeka kuti mlendo woyipa ndiowopsa osati kukolola kokha, komanso amawopseza munthuyo. Kulumwa kwa kachilomboka kumamvetsetsa anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka. Maonekedwe a edema, kuyabwa, ndi zizindikiro zina amakwiya kuonjezera chifuwa.
Zimakhala zovuta kukana kuwukira kwawowonongekako chifukwa chakunyalanyaza mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Chonunkha chilibe adani achilengedwe, kupatula mavu oyamwa omwe amakhala ku China ndi Japan. Chomwe amakonda ndi mazira a tizilombo. Koma popeza kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sangawonongeke, kuchepa kwa ana sikumakhudza kufalikira kwawo kumayiko onse.
Kulimbana ndi kachilombo ka marble zikungowonjezereka. Kufalikira kwa tizilombo kwadzetsa kale mavuto mabiliyoni amadola ku US, komwe kachilomboka kanatchedwa American. Asayansi akupanga njira zothetsera kachirombo koopsa.
Mitundu
Nkhungu ya marble yofiirira ndiye yekhayo amene amaimira udindo wake pamayendedwe achilengedwe. Sizovuta akatswiri kudziwa kachilombo. Koma m'malo omwe amagawidwa, pali tiziromboti-shit, tofanana kukula, mawonekedwe amthupi, utoto.
Mutha kuzindikira kusiyana kwake pofufuza tizilombo pogwiritsa ntchito galasi lokulitsa lokhala ndi 5-10x kapena mwakufanizira, monga nsangalabwi ya marble pachithunzichi amasiyana ndi nyumba zazing'ono zachilimwe.
Chingwe cha mtengo. Wobiriwira nthawi yotentha nthawi yophukira, kachilomboka kamasanduka bulauni kubisala m'masamba akugwa. Sizimabweretsa vuto lalikulu kuzomera zolimidwa.
Nezara ndi wobiriwira. Buluu wobiriwira wobiriwira wokhala ndi nembanemba wowonekera. Pofika nthawi yophukira imasintha mtundu kukhala wamkuwa. Mutu ndi pronotum nthawi zina zimakhala zofiirira.
Chitsamba chachitsulo cha Berry. Mtundu umasinthira mtundu wa masamba oyandikira: kuchokera ku bulauni-bulauni mpaka bulauni yakuda. Mbali ndi tinyanga timakhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda ndi yachikaso. Siziwopseza zokolola.
Ngakhale kufanana, pali kusiyana kwakukulu komwe kuli kofunika kulabadira:
- kusiyana kofunikira kwambiri pakati pa kachilombo ka marble ndi mtundu wa tinyanga: gawo lotsiriza ndi lakuda lokhala ndi zoyera zoyera, gawo lomaliza limakhala lakuda lokhala ndi yoyera yoyera komanso pamwamba pake. Kuphatikizana kumeneku sikupezeka mumtundu wina uliwonse wogwirizana;
- kukula kwa nsikidzi zochepera 1 cm - tizilombo tomwe timapanga ma marble ndizokulirapo.
- Thupi la nsikidzi "lodziwika bwino" limakhala lotsekemera kuposa la mlendo.
Kuphatikizana kwa mtundu wa nyerere, kukula, ndi mawonekedwe a klypeus kumapangitsa kusiyanitsa mtundu wa kachilomboka kofiirira.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Kulimba kwa kachilombo ka mabulosi ofiira ndi chifukwa cha kudzichepetsa kwa tizilombo komwe kumakhala. Tizilomboti timapezeka mumsewu, m'nyumba zosiyanasiyana, zipinda zapansi, minda, nyumba zokhalamo, malo obowola nyama, zisa za mbalame. Kufalikira konsekonse sikulepheretsedwa ndi chinyezi chambiri, malo otentha.
Pakutha nyengo yaulimi, nsikidzi zimakonda kulowa m'malo otentha a anthu, kupeza pogona, zipinda zapansi, pomwe zimadutsa ming'alu, maenje. Ndikuchepa kwa kutentha, anthu akuyang'ana mwakhama malo ozizira. Si zachilendo kuti mwiniwakeyo apeze nsikidzi mazana ambiri za mabulo m'nyumba za pabwalo.
Tizilombo tomwe timabisala pansi, titsekana m'mipata. Nthawi yozizira ya nsikidzi sizingokhala - sizidyetsa, sizipanganso panthawiyi. Ngakhale tizilombo tomwe talowa m'nyumbayo molakwika tazindikira kutentha pakubwera kwa masika, amasonkhana mozungulira nyali ndi magwero a kutentha.
Kuphatikiza pa kusapeza bwino, nsikidzi zomwe zimakhudza anthu ndizowopsa. Pali fungo lonyansa lomwe tizilombo timatulutsa poteteza. Zinthu zotulutsidwa zitha kukulitsa chifuwa.
Funso, kuposa poizoni wa nsangalabwi, zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri. M'malo okhala, tizilombo timakololedwa ndi manja; mankhwala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo otseguka.
M'chaka, ntchito ya tizilombo imadzuka pofunafuna chakudya, kubereka ana. Kulowerera kwa tizirombo kumawononga mbewu m'minda yambiri, kuwononga mitengo yazipatso, yomwe imawononga zokolola. Kuphatikiza pa kuwonongeka mwachindunji, kachilomboka kofiira kofiira ndi konyamula matenda a phytoplasmic omwe amakhudza zomera zambiri.
Zowonongekazi zimawonekera makamaka pa zipatso za zipatso ndi masamba. Khungu la mwana wosabadwayo, lopyozedwa ndi kachilombo ka kachilomboka, limatsegula njira yothandizira njira zopatsirana. Kusintha kwapangidwe kumayamba, kuwononga mawonekedwe ndi kukoma kwa chipatso.
Kukula kumayima - zipatso zosapsa zimasokonekera, maso a hazelnut amangokhala pamtengo wopanda kanthu, zowola zimakhudza mphesa. Chimbudzicho sichimasunga mbewu, nyemba, kapena zomera zokongoletsera.
Chotsani kachilomboka ka nsangalabwi zitha kuchitidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Pakukula kwa mphutsi, njira yogwiritsira ntchito tizirombo mu maambulera kapena nsalu wamba imagwiritsidwa ntchito. M'malo okhala ndi anthu ochepa, kuwunika kowonera ndikugwiritsa ntchito maukonde opangira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kumachitika.
Msampha wa nsangalabwi wa Marble kutengera kugwiritsa ntchito kwa pheromone imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mitundu yonse yazomera. Kuchuluka kwa tizilombo kumatikakamiza kuti nthawi zonse tizifunafuna njira zatsopano zakuthupi, zamankhwala pa kachilombo koopsa.
Zakudya zabwino
Kachirombo kakang'ono kofiirira kameneka ndi kabodza. M'chaka, amakopeka ndi mphukira zazing'ono za mbewu zonse zam'munda. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timadyetsa zomera zomwezo nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Mphutsi ndi imago zimaboola khungu lakunja la masamba, zipatso, zimatulutsa kuyamwa kofunikira.
Pamitengo yazipatso m'malo omwe nsikidzi zimakhudzidwa, necrosis imapangidwa, pamwamba pa zimayambira pamakhala zotupa, ndipo minofu yamatenda imapangidwa, yofanana ndi ubweya wa thonje mosasinthasintha. Zipatso, posakhala ndi nthawi yoti zipse, kuvunda, kutha nthawi isanakwane. Kukoma kwa zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, zipatso za citrus kwatayika.
Komwe kuli kachilombo ka nsangalabwi kofiirira, ku Southeast Asia, akatswiri awerenga mitundu yoposa 300 ya zomera zomwe zimawonongedwa ndi tizilombo todetsa nkhawa. Zina mwa izo, ndiwo zamasamba wamba zimagwidwa ndi kachilombo: tomato, tsabola, zukini, nkhaka.
Tizilombo timadyetsa mapeyala, maapulo, ma apricots, yamatcheri, mapichesi, nkhuyu, maolivi, ma persimmon, chimanga, balere, ndi tirigu.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timadyetsa nyemba: nandolo, nyemba, sizimangokhala pakhomo, zipatso zamwala, zipatso. Zakudya za nsikidzi zimaphatikizaponso mitundu ya nkhalango: phulusa, thundu, mapulo, mtedza. Marble bug ku Sochi, Malinga ndi ziwerengero za alimi akumaloko, mitundu 32 yazomera idawonongeka ku Abkhazia. M'madera momwe mulibe kodzala m'munda, tizilombo timapulumuka, timakula ndi chakudya cha namsongole.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
M'nyengo yotentha kwambiri, pofika Novembala, kuberekana kwa nsikidzi mofulumira kumachepa anthu akuluakulu atayamba kugona. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi achonde modabwitsa - mibadwo itatu ya tizirombo imapezeka munyengo:
- m'badwo woyamba umayamba kuyambira Meyi mpaka pakati pa Juni;
- chachiwiri - kuyambira zaka khumi za Juni mpaka koyambirira kwa Ogasiti;
- lachitatu - kuyambira zaka khumi zoyambirira za Ogasiti mpaka koyambirira kwa Okutobala.
Mphutsi zimadutsa magawo asanu amakulidwe. Ndizodabwitsa kuti pakukula amakusintha mtundu, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri nthawi imodzi kuzindikira kachilombo.
- Gawo loyamba, mphutsi zimakhala zofiira kapena zowala lalanje, mulitali 2.4 mm.
- Gawo lachiwiri, mtunduwo umakhala wakuda kwambiri.
- Gawo lachitatu ndi lotsatirali limadziwika ndi mphutsi zoyera.
Kukula kwake kumawonjezeka mpaka 12 mm. Kubereketsa kwa nsikidzi mu 2017 kudaswa zolemba zonse - m'malo mozikoka katatu pa nyengo, asayansi adalemba zisanu ndi chimodzi, zomwe zidakhala chifukwa chokambirana za kuwonongeka kwa mabotolo.
Oimira Rosselkhoznadzor awona kale zowona zakulowetsa ma virus ku Russia, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda mosayembekezereka. Ntchito yomwe ikubwera ndikuti, pofufuza DNA ya kachilomboka kofiira, ndikupanga njira zachilengedwe zochepetsera anthu. Ndi chizolowezi kusunga chuma ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa zamoyo. Koma kuchuluka kwa zamoyo ndikofunikanso poteteza zomera ndi nyama zomwe zikukula. Mwa njira, ngati mukufuna poizoni wa nsikidzi, tsamba ili likuthandizani.
