Dzina lachi Latin la omwe akuyimira dongosolo la ma arachnids "Solifugae" amatanthauza "kuthawa padzuwa." Solpuga, chinkhanira cha mphepo, bihorka, phalanx - matanthauzo osiyanasiyana a cholengedwa cham'mimba, chomwe chimangowoneka ngati kangaude, koma cha omnivores. Ichi ndi chilombo chenicheni, misonkhano yomwe imatha kutha ndi kuluma kowawa.
Kangaude solpuga
Pali nthano zambiri za solpugs. Ku South Africa, amatchedwa osamalira tsitsi chifukwa amakhulupirira kuti zisa za anthu okhala pansi panthaka zili ndi ubweya wamunthu ndi nyama, womwe umametedwa ndi chelicerae wamphamvu (zowonjezera pakamwa).
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Nyama zaku Central Asia zili pafupifupi masentimita 5-7. Thupi lalikulu lopindika. Pa cephalothorax, yotetezedwa ndi chishango chachikasu, maso akulu otuluka. M'mbali, maso amakhala osatukuka, koma amatengera kuwala, kuyenda kwa zinthu.
Miyendo 10, thupi lokutidwa ndi ubweya. Zoyang'ana kutsogolo-zazitali ndizotalikirapo kuposa miyendo, zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chilengedwe, zimakhala ngati gawo logwira. Kangaudeyo amaigwira nthawi yomweyo kuti ayandikire, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala wosaka bwino kwambiri.
Miyendo yakumbuyo imakhala ndi zikhadabo ndi makapu oyamwa omwe amalola kukwera pamalo owongoka. Kuthamanga mpaka 14-16 km / h, komwe kangaude adatchedwa nkhanira mphepo.
Zosangalatsa kapangidwe ka solpuga Mwambiri, ndiyachikale kwambiri, koma tracheal system m'thupi la chilombo ndi imodzi mwazabwino kwambiri pakati pa arachnids. Thupi limakhala labuluu wachikaso, nthawi zina limayera, ndi tsitsi lalitali. Anthu akuda kapena akuda motley ndi osowa.
Zoopsa zoopsa komanso mayendedwe achangu zimabweretsa zoopsa. Solpuga pachithunzichi Zikuwoneka ngati chilombo chaching'ono. Tsitsi pamtengo limasiyanasiyana. Zina ndi zofewa komanso zazifupi, zina ndizoyipa, zoterera. Tsitsi limodzi ndi lalitali kwambiri.
Chida chachikulu cha chilombocho ndi chelicerae yayikulu yokhala ndi nkhupakupa, yofanana ndi zikhadabo za nkhanu. Solpugu amasiyanitsidwa ndi akangaude ena chifukwa chakuluma kudzera mu msomali, khungu, ndi mafupa ang'onoang'ono. Chelicerae ali ndi zotsekera m'mbali ndi mano, kuchuluka kwake kumasiyana mitundu ndi mitundu.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Kangaude solpuga - wokhala m'mapiri, m'chipululu cha madera otentha, madera otentha. Nthawi zina zimapezeka m'malo okhala ndi mitengo. Malo omwe amagawidwa kwambiri ndi South Africa, Pakistan, India, North Caucasus, Crimea, Central Asia. Anthu okhala ku Spain ndi Greece amadziwa nyama zolanda usiku. Malingaliro wamba amadziwika bwino kwa onse okhala m'malo otentha ndi zipululu.
Alenje ambiri ogona usiku amabisala masana m'makola osiyidwa ndi makoswe, pakati pamiyala kapena zisa zawo zapansi panthaka, zomwe amakumba mothandizidwa ndi obera, kutaya nthaka ndi zikopa zawo. Kuwala kumawakopa ndi kudzikundikira kwa tizilombo.
Chifukwa chake, amapitilira pazithunzi za moto, matabwa a tochi, kumazenera owala. Pali mitundu yogwira masana. Oimira okonda dzuwa ku Spain otchedwa "akangaude azuwa". M'madera a solari, solpugs amakonda kukhala pansi pa nyali za ultraviolet.
Ntchito ya akangaude imawonetseredwa osati kuthamanga kwachangu, komanso poyenda modekha, kulumpha mtunda wambiri - mpaka 1-1.2 m. Mukakumana ndi mdani, njovu zimakweza mbali yakutsogolo ya thupi, zikhadabo zimatseguka ndikulunjika mdani.
Kumveka mwamphamvu ndi kokometsa kumapangitsa kangaude kutsimikiza pakuwukira, kuwopseza mdani. Moyo wa zolusa umamvera nyengo. Pakubwera nyengo yozizira yoyamba, amabisala mpaka masiku otentha a masika.
Pakusaka, solpugs amapanga mamvekedwe ofanana, ofanana ndi kupera kapena kulira koboola. Izi zimawoneka chifukwa chakusemphana ndi chelicera kuti awopseze mdani.
Khalidwe la nyama ndilolimba, saopa munthu kapena zinkhanira zakupha, amachitiranso nkhanza anzawo. Kusuntha kwa mphezi kwa alenje ndiwowopsa kwa ozunzidwa, koma nawonso nthawi zambiri amakhala nyama ya wina.
Kangaude solpuga transcaspian
Ndizovuta kutulutsa kangaude yemwe wagwera mu hema, amatha kusesa ndi tsache kapena kuphwanya pamalo olimba, ndizosatheka kuchita izi pamchenga. Kuluma kumafunika kutsukidwa ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo. Salpugs sizowopsakoma amanyamula okha matenda. Ngati mabala akuchulukirachulukira pakachitika kangaude, pamafunika maantibayotiki.
Mitundu
Gulu la solpugi lili ndi mabanja 13. Lili ndi mitundu 140, pafupifupi mitundu 1000. Gulu lanyama zikwizikwi zafalikira kumayiko ambiri, kupatula Australia ndi Antarctica:
- mitundu yoposa 80 - ku America;
- pafupifupi mitundu 200 - ku Africa, Eurasia;
- Mitundu 40 - Kumpoto kwa Africa ndi Greece;
- Mitundu 16 - ku South Africa, Indonesia, Vietnam.
Salpuga wamba
Mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri:
- wamba saltpug (galeodi). Makulidwe akuluakulu, mpaka 4.5-6 masentimita kukula kwake, mchenga wachikasu. Mtundu wakumbuyo ndi wakuda, wakuda-bulauni. Mphamvu yopanikizika ndi chelicera ndikuti solpuga imakhala yolemera thupi lake. Palibe zoperewera zapoizoni. Malinga ndi dera logawira, mchere wamchere wamba umatchedwa South Russia;
- Mtsinje wa Transcaspian... Akangaude akulu 6-7 cm masentimita, utoto wofiirira wa cephalothorax, wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yakumimba. Kyrgyzstan ndi Kazakhstan ndi malo okhala;
- utsi wa mchere wosuta... Akangaude akulu, opitilira 7 cm. Nyama zakuda zofiirira zimapezeka mumchenga wa Turkmenistan.
Kusuta fodya Salpuga
Akangaude onse alibe poizoni, komabe, kukumana nawo sikukukhala bwino ngakhale kwa okhala mdera lomwe sikokhalako kawirikawiri.
Zakudya zabwino
Kususuka kwa akangaude ndizovuta. Awa ndi olusa enieni omwe samadziwa kukhuta. Tizilombo tambiri ndi nyama zazing'ono zimakhala chakudya. Woodlice, millipedes, akangaude, chiswe, kafadala, tizilombo timalowa mchakudyacho.
Salpuga phalanx Zimaukira zamoyo zonse zomwe zimayenda ndikufanana ndi kukula kwake, mpaka ikagwa chifukwa chodya mopitirira muyeso. Ku California, akangaude amadula ming'oma ya njuchi, kuthana ndi abuluzi, mbalame zing'onozing'ono ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono. Omwe akukhudzidwawo ndi zinkhanira zoopsa komanso solpugi iwowo, omwe amatha kuwadya awiriwo atagonana.
Solpuga adya buluzi
Kangaudeyo amakoka nyama yake mwachangu kwambiri. Pofuna kudya, nyama yokhayo imang'ambika, mphesa amaukanda. Kenako chakudyacho chimakhuthilidwa ndi madzi am'mimba ndikutsitsidwa ndimcherewo.
Pambuyo pa kudya, mimba imakula kwambiri, kukula kwachisangalalo kumatha kwakanthawi. Omwe amakonda kusunga akangaude m'malo otentha ayenera kuwunika kuchuluka kwa chakudya, chifukwa ma phalanges amatha kufa chifukwa chodya kwambiri.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Ndi kuyamba kwa nyengo yokwanira, kusakanikirana kwa awiriawiri kumachitika malinga ndi kununkhira kokopa kwa mkazi. Koma posakhalitsa salpuga, yonyamula ana m'mimba mwa oviduct, imakhala yamphamvu kwambiri kotero kuti imatha kudya mnzake. Kupititsa patsogolo chakudya kumalimbikitsa kukula kwa ana m'mimba.
Mukubisalira kwachinsinsi, kutsatira kukula kwa mluza, kaye kuyika kwa ma cuticles kumachitika - mazira omwe makanda amakula. Mbewu ndizochuluka: kuyambira 50 mpaka 200 olowa m'malo.
Mazira a Salpugi
M'ma cuticles, anawo samayenda, opanda tsitsi komanso zisonyezo. Pambuyo pa masabata awiri ndi atatu, makanda amafanana ndi makolo awo pambuyo pa molt woyamba, amapeza tsitsi ndikuwongola miyendo yonse.
Kutha kusuntha palokha pang'onopang'ono kumayamba kukhala zolimbitsa thupi. Salpuga phalanx amateteza ana, amapereka chakudya mpaka anawo atakula.
Palibe chidziwitso chokhudza kukhala ndi moyo kwa oimira ma arthropods. Mafashoni okhala ndi zolusa ku terrariums awonekera posachedwa. Mwinamwake kuyang'anitsitsa malo a phalanx kudzatsegula masamba atsopano pofotokoza za mchenga wokhala kumadera otentha.
Chidwi cha nyama yosazolowereka chikuwonetsedwa pakuwonekera kwa ngwazi zamasewera apakompyuta, zithunzi zowopsa komanso zokopa. Kutsutsana ndi solpuga amakhala pa intaneti. Koma kangaude weniweni wodya nyama amatha kupezeka munyama zakutchire.
