Mbalame zobisalira ndizo zomwe zimakhala m'dziko lawo chaka chonse. Nyama sizitsogoleredwa kwenikweni ndi kutentha kwa mpweya koma maluso awo komanso tanthauzo la chakudya m'derali.
Kutentha nyengo yozizira ndi kwa mbalame zodyetsedwa bwino zokha. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mbalame yozizira iyenera kupeza chakudya pakati pa chipale chofewa. Chifukwa chake, zamoyo zopatsa tizilombo zimasamukira kumwera m'nyengo yozizira. Khalani okhutira ndi zipatso, mbewu ndi nyama zolusa zomwe zimasaka mbewa ndi hares. Pali mitundu 70 ya mbalame m'nyengo yozizira ku Russia.
Nkhunda
Kutentha kwa thupi lawo, monga mbalame zina, kuli madigiri 41. Umenewu ndi umboni winanso woti pamaso pa chakudya, nthenga zopanda nthenga sizisamala. Nkhunda sizovuta mbalame zachisanu, koma "womangirizidwa" kumalo ena ake. Kuuluka kutali ndi "chisa chobadwira" kwa makilomita masauzande ambiri, imvi imabwereranso. Anthu anapezerapo mwayi poyambira kutumiza makalata ndi nkhunda.
Powatenga kupita nawo kumtunda, mbalamezo zinabwerera. Asayansi amatsutsana za momwe mbalame zimayendera popita kwawo. Ena amatchula maginito. Ena amakhulupirira kuti nkhunda zimatsogoleredwa ndi nyenyezi. Nkhunda ndizokhulupirika osati kumaiko awo okha, komanso kwa anzawo. Mbalame ziwiri zimasankhidwa kamodzi komanso kwamoyo wonse, monga swans.
Nkhunda zimakonda kwambiri malo okhala ndipo sizimawasiya ali ndi chakudya
Mpheta
Gulu la mbalame zachisanu imakhala ndi mitundu ingapo. Pali awiri omwe akukhala ku Russia: m'matawuni ndi kumunda. Otsatirawa amapezeka kumidzi. Mpheta zonse padziko lapansi zili pafupifupi biliyoni imodzi. Chifukwa chake, mbalame imodzi ya anthu 8.
Poganizira kuti mbalame zimadya tirigu, izi ndizowopsa kukolola. Mu PRC, adachitapo kanthu kuti awononge mpheta. Atazindikira kuti sangathe kuwuluka kwa mphindi zopitilira 15, anthu adawopseza mbalamezo, kuti zisagwe pansi. Pafupifupi anthu 2 miliyoni adagwa. Komabe, pakalibe mpheta, dzombe limatulutsa - chinthu china chokoma kwa mbalame. Anadya zokololazo m'malo mwa mbalame.
Mofanana ndi nkhunda, mpheta zimakonda kusankha bwenzi limodzi moyo wonse. Nthawi yomweyo, mbalame zimakhala ndi magazi otentha. M'malo mwa madigiri 41, thupi la mpheta limatentha mpaka 44 wakale. Izi ndi mbalame zazing'ono. Amataya mphamvu mwachangu. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mpheta ili ndi mafupa a mphonje opitilira kawiri m'khosi kuposa ndira. Ndi za kutalika kwa zidutswazo. Mpheta, zimakhala zosalala.
Crossbill
Mbalame iyi ya banja la finch yokhala ndi milomo yopindika, yokhota. Kapangidwe kake kamatsimikizika ndi ntchito. Crossbill imatenga mbewu kuchokera kumakoni ndi mulomo wake. Nthawi yomweyo, kudina kwamakhalidwe kumamveka. Chifukwa chake ndi dzina la mbalame zachisanu.
Ngakhale milomo imasinthasintha, ma crossbill sangathe kuchotsa mtedza wonse wa paini. Matenda omwe mbalame zimaponyera amatsuka. Amuna amtunduwu ndi ofiira-ofiira, pomwe akazi amakhala amtundu wobiriwira-wachikaso. Mbalame zimakhala zotere pofika zaka zitatu. Monga achikulire, zopingasa sizidutsa masentimita 20 m'litali ndipo zimalemera pafupifupi magalamu 50.
Mverani mawu a crossbill
Crossbones sivuta mbalame zachisanu ku Russiakwinaku akuyimba mu chisanu. "Trills" amamveka ngakhale pamadigiri 50 a chisanu. Pa -30 zopingasa zimaswa mazira modekha ndikulera ana.
Akhwangwala
Mtundu wa parrot mu Chirasha. Ankhwangwa amasinthira bwino ukaidi. Mbalame zimakhala mmenemo pafupifupi zaka 40. Mwachilengedwe, moyo wapakati wa khwangwala ndi zaka 20. Pakati pa anthu, mbalame zimatha kudziwa kuyankhula, kulankhula komanso mbalame zotchedwa macaw.
Nzeru zamakungu, mwa njira, ndizofanana ndi kukula kwa ana azaka 5. Mbalame zimathetsa mavuto amodzimodzi amalingaliro. Chimodzi mwazizindikiro za malingaliro ndi njira yotetezera zisa. Khwangwala amaponya miyala adani ake, ndikuwakweza mwamphamvu.
Chakudya, mbalame ndizodzichepetsa, zimamwa mbewu, ndiwo zamasamba, ndi buledi. Nthawi zambiri mbalamezi zimawononga zisa za mbalame zina. Koma, chakudya chokoma chomwe akhwangwala amakonda kudya. Pali zambiri m'nyengo yozizira, chifukwa sizinyama zonse zomwe zimatha kupirira kuzizira. Pano mbalame ndipo khalani kufikira nyengo yozizira.
Kodi akhwangwala akuda ndi ati? Anthu ambiri amatero. Maganizo omwe mbalamezi zimapanga sakugwirizana kwenikweni ndi utoto wakuda koma ndimomwe amaonekera manda nthawi zambiri. Pali makungubwi amayang'ana zakufa.
M'manda amakono, ndizosatheka kudya ndi, inde, osati ndi matupi aanthu. Koma m'masiku akale, miliri yamatenda ikamachitika, achifwamba ndi osauka nthawi zambiri samayesedwa kuti ndi oyenera kuyika maliro, akhwangwala adasefukira m'manda.
Akhwangwala ndi amodzi mwa mbalame zanzeru kwambiri, amatha kupulumuka nyengo yozizira kwambiri.
Bullfinch
Ndi wa banja la a finch. Mbalameyi ndi yaying'ono kwambiri kuposa mpheta, koma thupi la ng'ombe limakhala lolimba kwambiri. Amuna amaonekera ndi mabere ofiira. Mwa akazi, ndi pinki-phulusa. Monga akhwangwala, ng'ombe zamphongo zamphongo sizisamala za ukapolo. Samayamba kuyankhula, koma amatha kuphunzira nyimbo zingapo ndi mluzu.
Thupi lolimba la ng'ombe zamphongo mu ukapolo nthawi zambiri limakhala mafuta. Mbalamezi sizikhutira, ndipo eni akewo amasusidwa ndi mbalamezo. Mwachilengedwe, mwa njira, amakhala m'nkhalango kapena "kuzilumba" za mitengo m'mapiri. Bullfinches sakhala omasuka m'malo otseguka.
Mverani kuyimba kwa ng'ombe yamphongo
Bullfinches sakhala pamndandanda nthawi zonse mbalame zachisanu. Pafupi mbalame, ndizovuta kunena chimodzimodzi za ma crossbills. Madigiri a 50 pansi pa ziro kwa bullfinch ndikofunikira. Chifukwa chake, anthu ochokera kumalire akumpoto a nkhalango za taiga amakhala kum'mwera miyezi ingapo. Bullfinches apakati pa Russia amakhala mmenemo chaka chonse.
Tit
Mbalame ya magalamu 20 imadya mbozi ndi mphutsi 500 tsiku lililonse. Izi ndizakudya zamtunduwu nthawi yachilimwe, zomwe amakhala kuthengo komanso kuthengo, kuwateteza ku tizirombo. M'nyengo yozizira, mbalame zimasunthira kumizinda, zikudya chakudya chotsalira cha anthu, kugwetsa mbewu, zidutswa za mkate ndi mbewu kuchokera kwa odyetsa, m'malo otaya zinyalala.
Chachikulu ndikuti musadye mkate wakuda. Zimasokoneza thanzi la mawere. Matumbo awo sangathe kugaya wowuma wa rye, ndipo zidulo za mkate wakuda zimapangitsa kuti zizithira m'mimba. Izi ndizodzaza ndi volvulus yamatenda.
Amayi agawika mitundu 65. Ku Russia, zazikulu ndizofala. Oimira ake amafika masentimita 17 m'litali. Mbalame zazing'ono zimalemekezedwa ku Russia. M'zaka za zana la 17th, zinali zoletsedwanso kupha mawere ndi lamulo lachifumu. Ophwanyawo adalipitsidwa chindapusa.
Tsiku la Sinichkin lakhazikitsidwa ku Russia kwamakono. Ikukondwerera pa Novembala 12. Ndichizolowezi chopanga odyetsera ndikuwapachika pamitengo. Ana kusukulu amajambula zithunzi ndi mawere. Akuluakulu amakonza zikondwerero.
Mapazi
Izi ndi mbalame za beige ndi pichesi zokhala ndi mutu wopindika, eyeliner wakuda, kukwawa, mapiko ndi mchira. Kutalika kwake, mbalame zimafika masentimita 20, zimalemera pafupifupi magalamu 60. Ma specks ofiira amawoneka kunsonga kwa mapiko, ndi mzere wachikaso kumchira. Chifukwa cha nthenga zawo zokongola, ma waxwings amadziwika kuti zipilala zagolide.
Ku Russia mbalame zimabisala. Mtundu wanji Kodi m'mbali mwa nthenga mumasankha? Amakonda nkhalango zosakaniza za paini ndi birch. Gulu limauluka m'malo osiyanasiyana kupita kukafunafuna chakudya. Mbalame zoterezi zimatchedwa kusamukasamuka.
Waxworms amachotsedwa mosavuta m'nyumba zawo mdera lina, ndikupita kumalo ena. Mbalame zimayang'ana m'munda pakati pa chipale chofewa, nkhalango za barberry kapena viburnum. M'mphepete mwa nkhalango, ma waxwings amafunafuna ma lingonberries oundana.
M'nyengo yotentha, zakudya za waxwings zimadzazidwa ndi mages ndi zitsamba. Amasungunuka kwathunthu ndi mbalame. Zipatso ndi chakudya cholemera m'mimba yoluka. Zipatso zimangotayidwa pang'ono. Izi zimathandizira kumera kwa mbewu masika.
Jay
Imatanthauza wodutsa. Mbalameyi imakhala yaitali masentimita 34 ndipo imalemera pafupifupi magalamu 180. Mbalame amadyetsa mbewu za spruce, mpendadzuwa, mbewu monga chimanga. M'madera ofunda, mankhwala omwe amakonda kwambiri a jay ndi acorns. Mbalame yawo sikuti imangodya pomwepo, komanso imabisa m'manda m'malo osungidwa. Jay ndiwodziwika kuti amatha kutsanzira mawu a nyama zina, mamvekedwe osiyanasiyana. Mbalame imabereka mosavuta chitseko cha chitseko, kukuwa kwa agalu, kanyumba kameneka.
Mverani mawu a jay
Kumva jay ndikosavuta kuposa kuwona. Nthenga mosamala. Ngati muli ndi mwayi wambiri, mukuwona mbalame yokongola ikunyezimira koyera ndi buluu pamapiko ake, kansalu kakang'ono pamutu pake. Kuphatikiza pa kubzala chakudya, jayi amazindikira masewera, imatha kudya mazira a mbalame zina kapena anapiye kale anapiye.
Magpie
Imanyamula osati mutu wamphaka ndi wakuba, komanso mbalame yanzeru kwambiri. Ndi agalu okhawo omwe amadzizindikira pagalasi, osawerengera ina ina yamapikoyo. Mbalame zimazindikira anthu ndi nkhope zawo, mawonekedwe, ngati agalu oweta.
Amphaka nawonso safuna kuweta. Mndende, mbalame zimaphunzira kuwerengera ndikusintha kuti ziyeretse osayenera. Pachifukwa ichi, ntchentche zimagwiritsa ntchito mafosholo a ana, zidutswa za makatoni, nsanza zomwe amapatsidwa ndi eni ake. Kuzindikira kwa makumi anayi kumachitika chifukwa cha kukula kwamalo ozindikira muubongo wawo. Tsambali ndi labwino kwambiri ngati la munthu.
Pomwe malingaliro a makumi anayi sanapeze malongosoledwe asayansi, adatenga zodabwitsa. Mwachitsanzo, m'zaka za zana la 19, Metropolitan Alexei adaletsa azungu kuti asayandikire Moscow. Wansembeyo amakhulupirira kuti mfiti zimabwera kumzindawu moyerekeza ndi mbalame. Agalu amadya zomwe akuyenera kuchita, amatha kutsogola ndi kuyamwa zomera. Omnivorousness ndi luntha ndi awiri omwe amalola magpies kupulumuka ngakhale nyengo yozizira.
Agalu samakonda kusintha malo awo okhala komanso amawetedwa ndi anthu mosavuta.
Goldfinch
Iyi ndi mbalame ya banja la finch. Mbali yapadera ndi malo ofiira pamutu. Pafupi ndi masaya oyera ndi korona wakuda, zofiira zimawoneka zosiyana, zokongola. Chifukwa chake dzina la mbalame. Goldfinches amatalika masentimita 17 ndipo amalemera pafupifupi magalamu 20.
Ngakhale ndi yaying'ono, miyala yagolide imadziwika kuti ndi omenya nkhondo. Izi ndichifukwa chakukweza kwambiri umwini. Goldfinches amamenyera madera omwe amawona kuti ndi awo. Goldfinches amadyetsa mbewu za namsongole, mwachitsanzo nthula. Mbalame zimasonkhanitsa chakudya, zikuuluka kuchokera kumunda kupita kumunda, zimayang'ana pansi pa chipale chofewa komanso pazomera zouma zomwe zili pamwamba pake.
Kadzidzi Woyera
Ndinasankha madera akumadzulo a Russia. Nthenga zowuluka, koma zochuluka zimathandizira kupulumuka pamenepo. Mpweya womwewo umasungabe kutentha kwa thupi la kadzidzi, osalola kuzizira kunjaku. Mbalame yakum'mwera imatenga nyama zake mothandizidwa ndi kuwuluka mwakachetechete komanso mwachangu, masomphenya akuthwa. Pakuwala kwa kandulo wamba, kadzidzi amawona wozunzidwayo mita 300 kutali. Hares, martens, makoswe, ndimu zimadza mu zikhomo ndi mulomo wa chilombo.
Pazaka zambiri osauka, akadzidzi achisanu amasamukira kudera lamapiri. Mbalameyi ndi yayikulu, mpaka 70 sentimita m'litali. Nthenga ikukula ma kilogalamu atatu. Harry Potter anali ndi zambiri mdzanja lake. Ngwazi ya ntchitoyi, JK Rowling, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ntchito za Buckley. Limenelo linali dzina la kadzidzi woyera, yemwe anali mthenga wa mfitiyo.
Nutcracker
Mbalameyi imadya mtedza wa paini. Kwa iwo, mbalameyi ili ndi thumba la hyoid. Nutcracker imanyamula mtedza pafupifupi 100 mmenemo. Taiga yaku Russia ili ndi mitengo yambiri yamkungudza, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mbalameyo sifunikira kuwuluka nthawi yozizira. Ena mwa ma cones amakhalabe pamitengo nthawi yachisanu.
Timabisala ma nutcrackers omwe sagwirizana ndi thumba la hyoid mkati mwa makilomita 2-4 kuchokera pamtengo womwe adakhwima. M'nyengo yozizira, nkhokwe zimayikidwa m'manda osanja chipale chofewa, ndipo nthawi yotentha pansi. Pali chipilala cha nutcracker ku Russia. Iye wayima mu Tomsk. Mzinda wa Siberia wazunguliridwa ndi mikungudza. Anthu okhala m'derali amadziwa ndi kukonda nzika zawo, kumusilira chaka chonse.
Kadzidzi
Wolemba mu Red Book. Mbalameyi imapirira mosavuta m'nyengo yachisanu ku Russia, koma silingathe kusintha chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa taiga ya mphamvu zake. Komabe, kadzidzi amatha kukhala mu ukapolo. M'malo osungira nyama ndi eni ake, mbalame zinakhala zaka 68. Mwachilengedwe, zaka za kadzidzi wa chiwombankhanga zimangokhala zaka 20. Monga kadzidzi woyera, kadzidzi a chiwombankhanga amasaka makoswe, hares, martens.
Mbalame zimawagwira usana ndi usiku. Ntchito yayikulu ndi usiku. Ziwombankhanga zimagona nthawi zambiri masana ndipo zikuluzikuluzi zimameza nyama zina zing'onozing'ono. Mbalamezi zimakhadzula nyama zikuluzikulu zomwe zimatha kufinya pakhosi. Milandu ya akadzidzi a chiwombankhanga yolimbana ndi agwape achinyamata ndi nkhumba zakutchire zalembedwa. Izi zikusonyeza kukula kwa mbalamezo.
Nuthatch
Mbalameyi ili ndi msana wabuluu ndi mimba yoyera. Mbali zamapiko zimakhala zofiira ndi mikwingwirima yakuda. Paws - zikhadabo zakuthwa zakuthwa. Ndi iwo mtedzawo umakumba mitengo ikuluikulu yamtengo, ikuyenda mwachangu komanso modekha mwa iwo. Mbalameyi ikuyang'ana tizilombo tobisika, mphutsi zawo. Mlomo wakuthwa, wautali umalola kuti nuthatch iwafikitse m'nyengo yozizira. Mbalameyi imasanthula ming'alu iliyonse ya khungwa nayo.
Nuthatches amakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango za thundu. Kumene mitengo ya oak sikukula, mbalame zimasankha mapaki okhala ndi mitengo yobzala. Nuthatches akuyang'ana mitengo yokhala ndi maenje, kukhazikika mmenemo. Ngati khomo lolowera m'nyumbamo ndilokutali, limakutidwa ndi dongo. Nuthatches akugwira ntchitoyi nthawi yotentha.
Zakudya zam'madzi zimakonda kupulumuka kuzizira mwakukhazikika m'maenje amitengo
Chikumbu chamutu wachikasu
Mbalame za hummingbird zokha ndizochepa kuposa iye. Mbalameyi ili ndi mphako wachikasu wofanana ndi korona pamutu pake. Mgwirizanowu udalimbikitsa kuyitana mfumu yamphapayo. Mfumu sikoka, chifukwa kukula kwa dragonfly. Kulemera kwa mbalameyi ndi pafupifupi magalamu 7.
Amakhala m'nkhalango za coniferous. Mosiyana ndi mbalame zotchedwa hummingbird, mbalame zazing'ono zaku Russia pakati pa mbalame zimakhala nyengo yovuta. Ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira, kafadala amatha kupeza tizilombo ndi mphutsi zawo. Patsikulo, mbalame imadya monga momwe imalemera.
Chizh
Amawerengedwa kuti akusamuka. Komabe, ma siskin ena amakhalabe m'nyengo yozizira ku Russia. Mbalame zakonzeka kupulumuka nthawi yozizira kuno pafupi ndi matupi amadzi osazizira. Mbalamezi zimakhazikika m'mizu ya mitengo pafupi nawo.
Mbalame zazing'ono zimabisa nyumba zawo mwaluso kotero kuti zidakhala ngwazi za nthanthwe la mwala wosawonekayo. Makolo athu amakhulupirira kuti kristalo wachisazi wotereyu amayikidwa pansi pa chisa, kumabisa kuti asayang'ane.
Ma grouse akuda, ma hazel grouses, ma partridges amatchedwanso nyengo yozizira. Amadziwotha podziika m'manda. Pansi pa chipale chofewa, mbalame zikufunafuna chakudya - mbewu ndi zitsamba za chaka chatha.
Black grouse imagwiritsa ntchito chipale chofewa usiku wonse
Mu chisanu choopsa, mbalame zimayesetsa kupewa kuwuluka. Malo amthupi omwe amakula ndi mapiko otseguka amatsogolera ku kutaya kwakukulu kwa kutentha. Yemwe ali ndi nthenga amakhala pachiwopsezo chakuzizira m'malo mogwira nyama kapena kupita kumalo komwe kuli nyengo yabwino.
Mbalame zachisanu ku Russia
Tiyeni tiganizire mwatsatanetsatane mitundu ya mbalame zomwe zimatsalira ku Russia nthawi yachisanu.
Popeza si mitundu yonse yomwe yatchulidwa pachithunzipa pamwambapa mbalame zachisanu ku Russia, chifukwa chokwanira, tiyeni tiwayitane: Mpheta, akhwangwala, Nkhunda, Woodpecker, Nutcracker, Crossbill, Yellowlet, Kinglet, Partridge, Muscovy, Owl, Nuthatch, Grouse, Waxwing, Tit, Bullfinch, White owl, Jay, Magpie, Grouse, Eagle owl , Maluwa, Siskin, Goldfinch, Schur.
