Chinyama chaching'ono kwambiri, kunja kofanana ndi mbewa yojambula, ndipo machitidwe ake ali ngati gologolo, ndi - nyumba yogona ya hazel.
Osati kale kwambiri, chithumwa chaching'ono ichi chinkapezeka kuchokera ku Baltic kupita kudera la Volga, koma lero ndiosavuta kuwona nyumba yogona ya hazel mkati Buku Lofiirakuposa kuyenda paki kapena lalikulu. Zomwezo ndi kuchuluka kwa nyamazi zikuwonetsedwa padziko lonse lapansi.
Zolemba ndi malo okhala hazel dormouse
Mushlovka kapena hazel dormouse, iyi si mbewa kapena gologolo. Nyama iyi ili ndi banja lake - "ogona", omwe ndi gulu lalikulu la makoswe. Ngakhale kupitirira chithunzi cha nyumba yogona ya hazel zitha kuwoneka kuti ndi wocheperako. Zowonadi, pamitu yonse yogona, mtundu uwu ndi wocheperako. Makulidwe anyama ndi awa okha:
- kuyambira 10 mpaka 15 cm kutalika, kupatula mchira;
- mchira kutalika ndi burashi ndi kuyambira 6 mpaka 8 cm;
- kulemera kwa magalamu 15 mpaka 30.
Kunyada kwakukulu ndi mawonekedwe a dormouse awa ndi ndevu zawo, kutalika kwa ndevu kumafika 40-45% ya utali wonse wa nyama. Za mtundu, nyama zimawoneka ngati timadontho tating'onoting'ono ta dzuwa tomwe tabisala m'masamba a mitengo, zimakhala ndi zofiirira, malaya ocher, mitundu yonse yotentha ngati dzuwa, pomwe burashi ya mchira nthawi zonse imakhala yakuda kuposa thupi lomwe, ndipo mimba ndi mbali yamkati mwa miyendo ndizopepuka. ...
M'mabuku ojambulidwa zithunzi za nyumba yogona ya hazel omwe amawonetsedwa nthawi zambiri pamitengo yamitengo, yomwe ndi yodalirika kwathunthu, chifukwa nyamazo zimakhala m'nkhalango zosakanikirana komanso zosakhazikika ku Europe, kuyambira kumwera kwa Great Britain ndikumaliza ndi dera lotsika la Volga, imakhalanso kumpoto kwa Turkey.
Chokhacho ndi Spain, komwe muslin sakhala ndipo sanakhaleko. Nyama izi zimakhazikika m'nkhalango zokhala ndi nkhalango zowirira, posankha kuchuluka kwa:
- ananyamuka m'chiuno;
- nkhwangwa;
- kusuntha;
- chitumbuwa cha mbalame;
- rowan;
- mtengo;
- phulusa;
- linden.
Mitengo iyi ndi zitsamba zimapatsa nyumba yogona chakudya chakudya chomwe amafunikira kwambiri. Dormouse nkhalango zodutsa zimadutsa, koma ngati mkati mwa nkhalango ya paini pali madera okhala ndi mitengo kapena masamba okhala ndi tchire lomwe limakula kwambiri, ndiye kuti nyamazo zimakhala mderalo.
Komanso, mbali ina ya nyamazi ndimakhalidwe awo odekha kwa anthu, mwachitsanzo, okwanira Zosangalatsa za nyumba yogona ya hazel amapezeka mgulu lililonse lamaluwa ku Yaroslavl. Ndi momwemo, m'dziko lathu, momwe ziweto zambiri zapulumuka m'malo awo achilengedwe.
Mitu yogona imagwira ntchito m'malo osungira mbalame, imakhala m'matumba ndi pansi pa denga la nyumba zakumidzi ndipo imawongoleredwa mosavuta m'nyengo yachilimwe, yomwe imathandiza kwambiri podyetsera. Sizachilendo kuti anthu okhala mchilimwe azitenga nyama zomwe zabwera chonchi kuzipinda zanyumba nthawi yachisanu.
Nyumbayi imaloledwa bwino ukapolo, ndipo kusunga nyama sikusiyana ndi kukhala ndi hamster kapena nkhumba, muyenera kungoganiza kuti nyamazo zimakhala usiku.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa nyumba yogona ya hazel
Malo ogona amakhala mokhazikika, chifukwa nyama iliyonse gawo lawo ndilofunika kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, akazi "amayenda" m'malo awo okha, omwe kukula kwake kumakhala pakati pa mahekitala 0,6 mpaka 0,5, ndipo amuna nawonso amayenda kupitirira malire azomwe ali nazo, okhala ndi mahekitala 0,7 mpaka 1.
Zochita zanyumba zoyambira sizimayamba usiku, koma madzulo, kutatsala pang'ono kuyamba kucha mpaka m'mawa. Masana, nyamazo zimawodzera, zitadzipinditsa mu chisa, chomwe, chimakhala ndi dzina loti - dormouse.
Nyama iliyonse ili ndi zisa zingapo-nyumba zokhazikika patsamba lililonse. Ngati chisa chimamangidwa ndi dormouse palokha, ndiye kuti m'mimba mwake nthawi zambiri amakhala kuyambira masentimita 12 mpaka 20, amapangidwa ndi nthambi, moss, masamba a udzu ndi masamba, zomwe zimamangiriridwa bwino ndi malovu ogona, omwe amakhala omata kwambiri. Kutalika kwa malowa sikutsika kuposa mita ndikukwera kuposa awiri.
Komabe, osakhazikika amakhala osavomerezeka ndipo amakhala mokhazikika m'maenje ndi zisa za anthu ena, nthawi zina mokakamiza "kuthamangitsa" kuchokera kumeneko matimati, mpheta, ma redstarts ndi eni ena "ovomerezeka".
Ponena za mawonekedwe, ogona amakhala osungulumwa. Ndi obadwa nawo, amakumana kokha munyengo yokhwima, ndipo ngakhale apo osati nthawi zonse. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, nyamazo zimakhala zopanda mantha komanso zokonda kudziwa zambiri, pamlingo winawake, zimakhala zosavuta komanso ochezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuweta kwawo kuzikhala kosavuta.
M'nyengo yozizira, timagona tating'onoting'ono tobisalira, pogwiritsa ntchito mobisa mobisa kuti muchite izi, zomwe samadzimangapo, posankha nyumba zakale za makoswe ena. Kutalika kwa nyengo yozizira kumatengera kutentha ndipo nthawi zambiri kumakhala kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Meyi.
Kuphatikiza apo, ngati kutentha kutsika pansi pamadigiri 15, ma muskets amalowa mowodzera ngakhale chilimwe. Koma kutentha kokhazikika pamwambapa, safunika kugona konse.
Sapanga masheya m'nyengo yozizira, koma amateteza mosamala mink yozizira nyengo yonse yachilimwe, mphindi iliyonse yaulere, yomwe ilibe yochuluka, makamaka pakati pa akazi omwe amadyetsa ana.
Zakudya zabwino
Ngakhale nyumba yogona ya hazel ndi wosadya nyama, koma sadzadutsa mazira a mbalame kapena nyongolotsi. Maziko azakudya za nyama, komabe, ndi:
- zipatso;
- zipatso;
- mbewu;
- ziphuphu;
- mabokosi;
- mbewu;
- chovala;
- linden mtedza.
Ngati masika ali oyambirira komanso ofunda, ndiye kuti, nyama zimadzuka molawirira, ndiye kuti chakudya chawo ndi nthambi zowonda, masamba ndi mphukira za zomera.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo wa hazel dormouse
Utali wamoyo nyumba yogona ya hazel zochepa, pafupifupi, nyama zimakhala zaka 2 mpaka 3, koma zikasungidwa mu ukapolo, zaka zawo zimapitilira zaka 6-7.
Kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amafa sikumakhudzidwa ndi kupezeka kwa nyama zolusa, chifukwa nyumba zogona sizikhala zakudya za aliyense, zomwe sizimakhala zangozi mwangozi. Kutalika kwakanthawi kamoyo komanso kufa kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, m'chigawo cha Moscow, chimaposa 70%, chimayambitsidwa ndi chilengedwe komanso kusinthasintha kwa kutentha.
Nyama zimakwatirana nthawi yachilimwe-chilimwe, pomwe mkazi amatha kubweretsa 2 litters, nthawi yotentha kwambiri - 3 litters. Mimba imatenga masiku 22 mpaka 25, makanda oyamwitsa - masiku 25 mpaka 30.
Komabe, ngati nthawi yotentha imakhala yozizira komanso yamvula, osakhazikika samangokhalira kukwatirana, amasankha kuti asapite kutali ndi nyumba zawo.
Sonya amabadwa wakhungu komanso wopanda thandizo, amakhala ngati kanyama kakang'ono patsiku la 18-20 la moyo wawo. Muslovki ndi makolo abwino; panalibe milandu yokhudza amayi kudya ana kumalo osungira nyama kapena kwa eni nyama. Izi zikusonyeza kuti mwachilengedwe, mitu yogona sikupha makanda.
Anthu ogona amatha kukhala moyo wodziyimira pawokha ali ndi masiku 35-40, komabe, makanda ochokera kumapeto kwanthawi yayitali kapena omwe sanapeze gawo lawo amapita kukagona ndi amayi awo.
Kufotokozera kwa hazel dormouse sizingakhale zangwiro osanenapo kuti nyamazi sizimangomva zabwino ngati ziweto ndipo zimasamalidwa mosavuta, kusinthana mokomera nkhalango kuti ziziyenda m'nyumba, koma zakhala zikugulitsidwa ndikugulitsidwa ngati ziweto kwanthawi yayitali, palinso magulu azokondana nawo ndi zoyesayesa zoyambirira zopangira mitundu yatsopano ndi mitundu.
Gulani chipinda chogona cha hazel, wobadwira kale kunyumba, mutha kutsatsa, kapena pamabwalo apadera a mafani a nyama izi, kapena m'masitolo ogulitsa ziweto. Mtengo wa makanda umasiyana ma ruble 230 mpaka 2000.
