Pali mbalame yosangalatsa m'mabanja osowa, omwe kuchuluka kwawo kukukula ku Europe, Asia ndi Canada m'zaka zaposachedwa. Iye, poyerekeza ndi mbalame zina zazing'ono, ndi wokoma mtima komanso wochezeka. Mbalame yosangalatsayi imatchedwa mutu wakuda wakuda.
Wamphongo wakuda wakuda wamwamuna ndi wamkazi
Makhalidwe ndi malo okhala mitu yakuda
Mbalameyi imakhala ndi zisa, zosamukasamuka, kusamuka ndikusamukira m'nyengo zochepa. Makulidwe mbalame zakuda zakuda, ngati njiwa yaikulu. Kutalika kwachimuna kumafika masentimita 43, chachikazi nthawi zonse chimakhala chochepa - 40 cm.
Mapiko a amuna ndi akazi amatalika mpaka 100 masentimita. kufotokozera kwa mutu wakuda wakuda pali chinthu chosiyanitsa ndi mbalame zina zonse - zovala zake zosanja. Mutu wonse wa mbalameyi ndi wachikuda bulauni, pomwe nthenga zazikulu zimakhala zoyera.
Kumbuyo kokha ndi pamwamba pa mapiko a gull ndi komwe kumakhala mithunzi yakuda ndi nthenga zakuda zoonekera. Tinyama tating'onoting'ono takuda ndi tosiyana ndi achikulire omwe ali ndi nthenga zawo. Amayang'aniridwa ndi imvi, zofiirira komanso imvi.
Mlomo wa mbalameyi umakhala wonyezimira, ndipo zikhasu zake ndi zofananazo. M'mphepete mwa zikope zawo mulinso ofiira ofiira. chithunzi cha mutu wakuda wakuda ndizovuta kubweza kumwetulira kwanu.
Cholengedwa chokongola chobisa nkhope kumutu ndi mutu nthawi yomweyo chimakopa chisoni. Malo okhala mbalamezi ndi akulu kwambiri. Amapezeka ku Eurasia konse, ngakhale kumadera ozizira. Zakhala zikuwonetsedwa kale ndi anthu aku Norway ndi Iceland.
Mitu yakuda ikuthawa
Pafupifupi zaka 100 zapitazo, anthu adazindikira kuti mitu yakuda ndi yowopsa pakusodza. Anayamba kuwombera ndikuwononga mazira. Kuyambira pamenepo, ziwerengero zawo zapezako pang'ono. Koma kutchuka kwa mazira awo pakati pa anthu sikukucheperachepera.
Mazira amatengedwa kuti agulitsidwe, amadya. Nthawi zambiri ndimotolera mazira m'mazira omwe muli awiri okha. Ngati pali mazira ochulukirapo, ndiye kuti amakula kale pachisa chimenecho. Zake chisa chamutu wakuda amamanga makamaka m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi nyanja, pazomera zawo zam'mbali. Muthanso kuwapeza m'mapope ndi madambo amchere. Kwa funso, kumene mitsinje imakankha nthawi yozizira, palibe yankho limodzi.
Nyengo yozizira ikangoyandikira, amayamba kusamukira kumadera ofunda. Ena mwa iwo amasankha nyengo yozizira ya Nyanja Yakuda ndi Caspian, ena amathawira ku madera a Mediterranean, ku Asia, ku Kola Peninsula, mpaka ku Persian Gulf.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wamphongo wakuda
Mzere wapakati umadzaza ndi mitu yakuda kuyambira koyambirira kwa Epulo. Mbalame zimapanga awiriawiri pamene zikuuluka. Ena amatha kuchita izi kale kukaikira mazira, akafika. Madera azisamba amakhala ndi magawo osiyanasiyana.
Pafupifupi, dera laling'ono limagawidwa chisa chimodzi, mkati mwa utali wa masentimita 35-45 mozungulira mbalameyo. M'malo momwe mumakhala chinyezi chokwanira, zisa za mbalame zimakhala zazikulu komanso zolimba, zimakhala zazitali mpaka masentimita 40. Mwambiri, zisa za mitu yakuda ndizopangidwa mwaluso.
Mimbulu yakuda imawonetsa zochita zawo tsiku lonse. Mapiri awo amagwa m'mawa ndi madzulo. Chaka chonse, mbalameyi imakhala moyo wokangalika. Komwe amakhala, magulu azinyoni amasankha malo ovuta kufikako. Kumene kukaikira mazira kumachitika nthawi zonse kumakhala phokoso ndi kulira kopangidwa ndi mbozi zamutu wakuda. Kuwonjezeka kwa madera kumachitika pakubwera kwa nzika zake zatsopano.
Pali nkhosa zosamukasamuka zomwe zimasamukira kumalo osiyanasiyana kukafunafuna chakudya mu Epulo komanso nthawi yonse yotsatira. Western Europe ndi malo olemera kwambiri mu mbalamezi, nthawi zina mpaka magulu 100 amadzipangira pagulu limodzi kumeneko.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, mbalame zamutu wakuda zawonedwa m'malo otayira chakudya mumzinda. Makamaka mwachangu amatha kupeza mabungwe ogulitsa nsomba ndikukhala pafupi nawo. Mbalame yakuda ndi mbalame yaphokoso kwambiri komanso yaphokoso. Phokoso lomwe limapanga limadziwika kuti kuseka kwa mbalame.
Zakudya zakuda zam'mutu wakuda
Zakudya za mbalamezi, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazakudya zosiyanasiyana. Koma zimakonda kwambiri chakudya chanyama. Amadya mosangalala tizilombo tomwe timakhala padziko lapansi komanso m'madzi, nyongolotsi, nkhanu, nkhono ndi nsomba zazing'ono.
Nthawi zina, amatha kudya mbewu za mbewu, koma chakudyachi sichimakoma kwenikweni. Mbalame zakuda zakuda sizinyalanyaza zinyalala zomwe zimapezeka pamalo otayira. Pofuna kuti azidzigwirira yokha nsomba, mbalameyi siyimiza thupi lonse m'madzi, koma imangolowetsa mutu wake mmenemo. Amatha kugwira chiwala padambo ndi luso lodabwitsa.
Kubalana ndi kutalika kwa mutu wakuda wakuda
Wokhwima pogonana malo okula mitsinje khala ndi chaka chimodzi. Mwa akazi, izi zimachitika koyambirira pang'ono kuposa amuna. Mbalame zimakhala zokha. Nthawi zina, kuti apange awiri okhazikika, ayenera kusintha maubwenzi angapo.
Zitauluka, mbalamezi zili kalikiliki kufunafuna chakudya komanso kukonza nyumba zawo. Iwo sawuluka patali ndi madera. Munthawi imeneyi amakhala achisangalalo kwambiri komanso otanganidwa kwambiri. Makamaka mlengalenga, amachita mofuula komanso mwamwano, amathamangitsana ndikufuula mawu omwe akumvetsetsa.
Mutha kuwona mapangidwe awiri. Pakudziwana kwawo koyamba, mbalamezo zikamamvera chisoni, yaikazi imagwada ndikuwongolera mutu wake kwa wamwamuna, ngati kuti ikupempha chakudya kwa iye. Amuna amamudyetsa mosangalala.
Anthu okwatirana amamanga zisa zawo m'malo ovuta kukaona anthu ndi nyama zolusa. Pakati pa zowalamulira, amaikira makamaka mazira atatu. Ngati zowalamulira zasowa pazifukwa zilizonse, mbalamezo zimachitanso. Mtundu wa mazirawo ndi wabuluu, wakuda bulauni kapena bulauni wa azitona. Makolo onsewa amawapanga.
Maonekedwe a alendo osayitanidwa kuderalo amaphatikizidwa ndi kufuula kwachiwawa komanso nkhawa yayikulu. Mbalame zimadzuka ndikulira mlengalenga ndikuyamba kuzungulira mwamphamvu mdani yemwe angakhalepo, ndikumuthirira ndowe.
Pambuyo masiku 23-24, anapiye amabadwa, okhala ndi nthenga zofiirira komanso zofiirira. Mtundu uwu umawapatsa mwayi wophatikizika ndi chilengedwe ndikukhala osadziwika kwa adani kwanthawi yayitali. Maudindo onse pakulera kwa ana amagawidwa chimodzimodzi ndi makolo.
Amawadyetsa mosamala kwambiri kuchokera pakamwa kufika pamlomo kapena kuponyera chakudya mwachindunji muchisa, pomwe anapiye amasangalala kuzitola zokha. Kuyesera kuwuluka makanda kumayambira masiku 25-30. Kutalika kwa moyo wa anyani akhungu lakuda kumatha zaka 32.
