Dera lapadera lomwe limagwira ntchito ngati malire pakati pa Europe ndi Asia ndi Urals. Idagawa gawo lakumadzulo ndi gawo lakummawa. Malire oterewa kulibenso m'chilengedwe.
Kutalika kwake kumapitilira 2000 km, ndipo m'lifupi mwake kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kumwera ndi 40-150 km. Malo okwera kwambiri a mapiri a Ural ndi Phiri la Narodnaya, lomwe limakwera mpaka 1895 m.
Pa gawo lalikulu chonchi, payenera kukhala kusiyanasiyana kwakukulu kwachilengedwe. Izi ndi zoona. Ku Urals, mutha kuwona zonse - nkhalango, steppes, tundra komanso madzi oundana.
Okonda kwambiri zachilengedwe ndi mitundu yonse yazopitilira adzakhala osangalatsa apa. Mapiri ndi mapanga ambiri, mitsinje ndi nyanja, nkhalango ndi miyala ikuluikulu imakopa anthu ndi kukongola kwawo kokongola komanso kukongola.
M'malo otere, anthu amatha kudziyesa kuti awone ngati ali ndi mphamvu komanso kupirira. Malo odabwitsa komanso osamvetsetseka a Urals ali ndi maluwa osiyanasiyana. Zodabwitsa nyama zosiyanasiyana mu Urals.
Kuphatikiza pa nyama zamtchire, pali malo ambiri osungira omwe anthu amakhala motetezeka kwathunthu. nyama zofiira mabuku Ural... Sizingatheke kunena za onse okhala m'malo awa mwachidule, komabe mutha kulingalira za zitsanzo zawo zosangalatsa.
KU nyama za Kumwera kwa Urals onjezerani mphalapala, mandimu okhala ndi ziboda, ankhandwe aku polar, ma Middendorf voles ndi ma partridges. Nyama za kumpoto kwa Urals amadabwitsanso ndi kuchuluka kwawo kwa mitundu. Pakati pawo mungapeze zimbalangondo, zikopa, abulu, nkhandwe, nswala, mimbulu, ziphuphu, masabata, martens, beavers, otters.
Mphalapala
Nyama imeneyi ndi ya artiodactyl nyama. Mwa mitundu iyi yokha, akazi amavala nyanga mofanana ndi amuna. Amasuntha popanda mavuto pachipale chofewa chifukwa cha ziboda zawo zazikulu.
Mbawala imamva bwino. Koma masomphenya awo sakusangalatsa. M'magulu a mphalapala, mtsogoleriyo ndi wake. M'nyengo yozizira, nyama zimapeza chakudya kuchokera pansi pa chisanu.
Nthawi zina pachaka, mphalapala zimadya bowa, algae, mazira a mbalame ndi madzi am'nyanja. Mphalapala sangapangidwe ngati chiweto. Ngakhale ndizotheka kuchita izi, ndiye kuti muyenera kuyesetsa pomusamalira.
Kupanda kutero, nyama yokonda ufulu iyi itha kusandukanso yamtchire. M'madera akumpoto, chuma sichimayesedwa ndi ndalama, koma pamaso pa agwape. Zochulukirapo, munthu amakhala wolemera.
Mphalapala pachithunzichi
Lemming ya ziboda
Nyamayi ndi ya banja la hamster. Lemming ndiyapakatikati. Mchira salinso kuposa mapazi akumbuyo. Pali mulu pa mapazi a nyama. Nyamazi zimakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana.
Zakudya zawo zimaphatikizapo masamba ndi makungwa a mitengo. Ntchito ya makoswe imawonetsedwa nthawi zonse. Iwo amakhala maso nthawi zonse. Malo okhala nyama izi ali ndi dongosolo lovuta, ali ndi khomo lopitilira limodzi.
Umu ndi momwe mabowo awo amawonekera. M'nyengo yozizira, mandimu amapereka zisa zotentha zokutidwa ndi ubweya. Pa nyengo iliyonse, nyama zimakhala ndi mitundu yake yoyambirira. M'nyengo yozizira zimakhala zoyera komanso zoyera.
M'nyengo yotentha, amakhala ofiira kapena abulauni. Mzere wakuda ukuwonekera bwino kumbuyo. Khosi lawo lovekedwa korona wopanda mkanda wowoneka bwino. Ma lemmings achichepere amatha kusiyanitsidwa mchaka cha masika ndi malankhulidwe awo okoma.
Mu chithunzi lemming
Nkhandwe ya ku Arctic
Chinyama chodabwitsa ichi ndi cha banja la nkhandwe, Ndi zazing'ono komanso zofewa. Ankhandwe aku Arctic amakula kutalika kuchokera masentimita 45 mpaka 70. Kulemera kwawo sikupitilira 8 kg. Ankhandwe a ku Arctic amakhala ndi tsitsi loyera loyera, lomwe limateteza molondola ku chisanu choopsa, chifukwa malo okhala nyama izi ali kumpoto chakumadzulo, komwe kutentha kumakhala kosakwana zero.
Zakudya za nkhandwe za ku Arctic zimaphatikizaponso chakudya chomwe amapezeka. Nthawi zina pamakhala popanda chakudya. Kenako amapeza zotsalira kuchokera kuzilombo zazikuluzikulu ndikuzidya mosangalala. Nyama zodabwitsa izi zimakhala m'malo omwe, malinga ndi anthu, siabwino kwenikweni kukhala ndi moyo.
Nkhandwe ya Arctic
Vuto la Middendorf
Nyama iyi imapezeka kwambiri mumtunda wa kumpoto kwa Urals. Vole imakonda madambo. Thupi lake limafika kutalika kwa 130 mm, ndipo mchira wake ndi 35 mm kutalika. M'nyengo yotentha, amagwiritsa ntchito mapesi a sedge ngati chakudya.
M'nyengo yozizira, gawo lake la mizu limagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nyama imeneyi imadzisungira yokha chakudya. Zisa za Vole zimatha kuwonedwa pamtunda womwe uli pamwamba penipeni pa tchire la mabulosi abulu ndi birch.
Vuto la Middendorf
Partridge
Zilombozi sizimachita mantha ndi malo okhala anthu. M'malo mwake, amayesa kukhazikika pafupi ndi midzi. Ndipo m'nyengo yozizira, amafunafuna malo ogona m'mabwalo kapena pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu ena. Mapazi amakhala okulirapo pang'ono kuposa njiwa. Akazi pafupifupi samasiyana ndi amuna awo.
Ndiwo nyama zokhala pansi. Mapuloteni amatha kusiya malo awo okhazikika chifukwa cha njala kapena zochita za anthu. Nthawi yawo yambiri amathera kufunafuna chakudya. Sakwera pamwamba. Ndege ndiyosalala komanso bata.
Ichi ndi chilengedwe chonse. Mu gulu la magawo, pali anthu 30. Ndi masika okha omwe amasiyana pakati. Pachimake pa ntchito yamagawo amagwa m'mawa ndi madzulo. Usana ndi usiku amakonda kukhala pankhalango ndi m'ziyangoyango zaudzu utali.
Pachithunzicho, mbalameyi ndi khola
Chimbalangondo
Anthu amaphunzira za nyama izi adakali aang'ono. Ndiwo otchulidwa m'nthano za ana okondedwa kwambiri. Ichi ndi chinyama chachikulu nthawi imodzi sichimadya kwambiri.
Chakudya chokoma kwambiri cha chimbalangondo ndi mizu yokoma ya zitsamba, zimayambira zazing'ono za zomera, zipatso, mtedza wa mkungudza. Osasangalala, chimbalangondo chimadya nsomba. Iye samanyozanso zakufa. Nthawi zina, panthawi ya njala, zimbalangondo zimaukira mphalapala.
Ponena za ubale wa chilombochi ndi munthu, amamuwopa kuposa kuchita nkhanza kwa iye. Koma osamasuka mukawona chimbalangondo. Mulimonsemo sayenera kukhumudwitsidwa kapena kusokonezedwa m'dzenje lake.
Kuyambira nyama yodekha, yopanda tulo, amatha kusandulika kukhala nyama yaukali. Khalidwe lake kwa anthu silimadziwika pamene chimbalangondo chili ndi njala. Nthawi ngati izi, ndibwino kumulambalala.
Elk
Wokhala m'nkhalangoyi amachititsa ulemu ndi mantha ndi mawonekedwe ake owopsa. Ma elks ndi akulu komanso olimba. Ali ndi miyendo yayitali komanso thupi lalifupi. Pakamwa pake pananyamula mphuno ndi nyanga zolemera za amuna zonse zimaonedwa ngati chizindikiro cha taiga.
Malo omwe amakonda kwambiri nyamayi ndi nkhalango za paini, malo akale owotchera komanso kuyeretsa. Ndi m'malo oterowo pomwe pali mitengo yokwanira yazitsamba. Chakudya chomwe mumakonda kwambiri nyama zakutchire za ku Urals ndi nthambi za mitengo, ndipo amakonda mitengo ya paini koposa zonse. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mphepete mwa mitsinje komanso mdambo. M'nyengo yophukira, mphalapala zimasamukira kumadzulo kupita kummawa. Bwererani kumapeto kwa nyengo.
Kalulu
Palibe chifukwa chofotokozera aliyense kuti ndi ndani. Monga chimbalangondo, nkhandwe ndi nkhandwe, kalulu ndi mtundu wodziwika bwino. Chojambula chokondedwa cha aliyense "Chabwino, dikirani miniti!" amamuwonetsa kwa ana kuyambira ali aang'ono.
Zovala zoyera zimakhala ku Urals. Amakonda malo omwe pali mitengo yambiri yazitsamba, kudula ndi kuwotcha. Nyama zimadzipangira tokha, ngati kuli kofunikira. Atha kukhala chitsamba kapena mtengo wopendekeka. Ichi ndichifukwa chake chirombocho nthawi zambiri chimatha kulumpha mwadzidzidzi, zimawoneka pafupifupi kuchokera pansi pa mapazi ake.
Nkhandwe ndi nkhandwe
Nkhandwe ndi nkhandwe - odziwika nyama zolusa m'nkhalango. Ankhandwe amakonda kukhala m'nkhalango zochepa, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, moyandikana ndi kumene anthu amakhala. Tsitsi lofiirali, lokongola lodya limakonda kudya mbalame, makoswe, tizilombo ndi achule.
Nthawi zina hares amakhala mimbulu ya ankhandwe. Koma sizimachitika kawirikawiri monga anthu amanenera. Ponena za nkhandwe, ndiye chilombo chowopsa kwambiri. Osatulutsa nyama zakutchire amakhala ozunzidwa nawo. Mmbulu umakonda mphalapala ndi agwape.
Nthawi zambiri zimawaukira ngati alibe thanzi komanso kufooka. Mimbulu imakana konse nkhandwe, nkhandwe ndi mbewa zazing'ono. M'nyengo yozizira, nyamazi zimagwirizana m'magulu ndipo zimakhala zowopsa kwa anthu, ngakhale kuli kwakanthawi kochepa komwe kumazunza anthu.
Wolverine
Nyama imeneyi ndi chilombo chachikulu. Ali ndi miyendo ikuluikulu ndi mchira wosalala bwino. Mitembo ya mphalapala ndi mphalapala ndi chakudya chomwe amakonda kwambiri mimbulu. Nthawi zina amalimbana ndi nyamazi.
Izi zimachitika ngati akudwala. Kupanda kutero, wolverine sangathe kuwagonjetsa. Makoswe, masewera ndi nkhandwe zazing'ono zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Sikofunikira kuti nyamazi zizikhala malo enaake. Amatha kuyenda maulendo ataliatali kukafunafuna chakudya.
Pachithunzicho ndi wolverine
Lynx
Mphaka wabwino kwambiri wakumpoto uyu amadziwika ndi ambiri. Ndikosavuta kumuzindikira ndi ngayaye m'makutu mwake, zopindika ndi mchira wawung'ono. Kulemera kwa lynx wamkulu ndi pafupifupi 25 kg. Mtundu wa chinyama ndi wofiirira kapena wofiirira.
Kukhala tcheru ndi chidwi zimatha kuchitidwa nsanje. Kuphatikiza apo, ali ndi kumva kwabwino. Mpheta imatha kumva kulira kapena kupondaponda kwa wozunzidwayo pamtunda wa makilomita angapo, koma sangaukire nthawi yomweyo.
Poyamba iye mozemba komanso mozemba amazemba. Kwa kusaka, amasankha nthawi yakuda yamasana. Kudumpha kwakukulu kwa nyama iyi ndikofanana ndi kutalika kwa akulu awiri. Chakudya chachikulu cha lynx ndi mbewa zakutchire.
Iye samakana kwa kalulu, grouse yakuda ndi nyama zokhala ndi ziboda. Nthawi zina, nyamayi ikawonekera m'mudzi, amphaka kapena agalu amatha kudwala matenda a mphira.
Ikhoza kuukira nkhandwe. Koma osati kuti muzidya, koma chifukwa chongodya. Lynx imafuna makilogalamu awiri a nyama patsiku. Mphaka wokongola wakuthengo uyu saopa anthu.
Sable
Wokhalamo nyanjayi amasiyana ndi nyama zambiri mwamphamvu komanso mwamphamvu. Amakhala padziko lapansi. Imayenda ndikudumpha. Nthawi yomweyo, masabata ndiabwino kuyenda m'mitengo.
Amakhala ndi kumva komanso kumva kununkhira. Izi sizinganenedwe za mawonedwewo; mphanga sangadzitame. Nyama iyi imapanga phokoso ngati mphaka. Amayenda mosavuta pachisanu.
Ntchito ya nyama imagwa m'mawa ndi madzulo. Malo omwe amakonda kwambiri ndi mkungudza, mitsinje yayikulu yamapiri, nkhalango zowirira, miyala yolimba. Ndi kawirikawiri kokha pomwe mutha kuwona phanga mu korona wamtengo. Amakonda kusaka okha. Koposa zonse, sakonda kuwona ma ermine m'malo awo.
Kujambulidwa ndi nyama yodyedwa
Marten
Ali ndi thupi lowonda bwino, masentimita 50-80 kutalika. Kutalika kwa mchira wamafuta wa nyama ndi masentimita 35-50. Amalemera kuyambira 0,5 mpaka 5.7 kg. Kawirikawiri amuna amakhala akuluakulu kuposa akazi. Martens ndi bulauni-bulauni wamawonekedwe.
Izi ndi nyama zodabwitsika zomwe zimatha kuchita zachinyengo zilizonse. Little martens amathera nthawi yawo yambiri mumasewera. Iwo samenyana konse ndi munthu.
Koma, ngati marten, nyumba yake kapena ana ake ali pachiwopsezo, amakwiya kwambiri. Amagwiritsa ntchito mano akuthwa ndi zikhadabo za nyama, zomwe zimatha kubweretsa mavuto akulu.
Beaver
Nyama imeneyi ndi mbewa yaikulu kwambiri ku Russia. Imatha kukhala m'madzi komanso mumtsinje. Chifukwa cha mamvekedwe ake apadera osambira, beaver imamva bwino m'madzi.
Ali ndi mchira wopyapyala, wopanda ubweya wokutidwa ndi mbale. Pofuna kuteteza maenje awo kuti asakhudzidwe ndi anthu ena, ma beavers amapanga madamu. Zimapangidwa ndi nthambi ndi mitengo.
Madamu otere amatha kutalika mpaka 15 mita ndikuletsa kuyenda kwamadzi mpaka kufika mita 1.5. Nyama izi zimadya nthambi za msondodzi, chitumbuwa cha mbalame, birch ndi aspen. M'nyengo yotentha, udzu umagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Otter
Ali ndi ubweya umodzi wamtengo wapatali kwambiri. Mwa ambiri mafotokozedwe a nyama mu Urals amadziwika kuti kuchuluka kwa otters kwatsika kwambiri. Ndi nyama zolusa zam'madzi, motero maenje awo amatha kuwona pafupi ndi madzi.
Nthawi zina ma beaver ndi muskrat burrows amabwereka. Amakhala moyo wokhazikika, bola ngati ali ndi chakudya. Chakudya chikayamba kuchepa, amafunafuna malo abwino ndi kusamukira kumeneko.
Otter amakonda zakudya zanyama zokha. Amakonda nsomba, achule, nsomba zazinkhanira, tizilombo, mbalame. Adani achilengedwe ndi ochita mpikisano ndi nyama iyi kulibe.
Kujambula ndi nyama yotchedwa otter
Zinyama Zam'madzi chosangalatsa komanso cholemera kotero kuti mutha kuyankhula za iye mwachangu komanso kosatha. Sikuti aliyense ali ndi mwayi wokaona ngodya yabwinoyi komanso yopambana. Zithandiza zithunzi za nyama za ku Uralskumene amawoneka mofanana mofanana ndi m'moyo weniweni.
