Maonekedwe ndi malo a ngamira imodzi
Kwa nthawi yayitali, ngamila zimawerengedwa ngati nyama zofunika kwambiri m'maiko otentha, owuma, popeza adatumikira anthu mokhulupirika kuyambira kalekale. Ndipo chuma cha mwiniwake chimayesedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa ngamila.
Zimadziwika kuti chifukwa cha kupirira kwawo, mayendedwe awo, kusunthika pang'ono, komanso kuthekera kwawo kuyenda pamchenga wotentha, amapatsidwa dzina lotchedwa: zombo zaku chipululu.
Osati popanda chifukwa, chifukwa nthawi zakale anali njira zokhazo zoyendera poyenda motentha, zopanda malire komanso zopanda moyo. Pokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi zinyama zokhala ndi ziboda, ngamila nthawi zambiri zimasokonezeka nazo.
Komabe, pokhala oyimira dongosolo la nyama zokhala ndi ziboda zogawanika, koma osakhala ndi ziboda, koma mapazi osasunthika, monga onyamula zinthu zambiri zapadera za mawonekedwe ndi physiology, amadziwika ndi asayansi monga gawo lina la ma callus.
Ngamila ndi nyama zamtundu wa humpback. Ndipo uku sikusowa kwa mawonekedwe, koma nkhokwe ya michere ndi chinyezi chamtengo wapatali. Koma kuphatikiza pa ngamira ziwirizi, zodziwika bwino komanso zofala, mamembala amakamera, pali nyama padziko lapansi - okhala ndi hump imodzi yokha.
Kumtchire, zolengedwa zotere zimawerengedwa kuti zatha, koma nyama zoweta sizachilendo masiku ano. Dzinalo la ngamila imodzi yosungunuka - dromedary. Zinyama zolimbikira izi tsopano zikupitiliza ntchito yawo kuti athandize anthu.
Dromedaries ndi ochepa kuposa ma congeners awiri-humped, otalika mamita atatu ndi pafupifupi mita ziwiri kutalika. Ngamila imodzi yodzicepetsa pafupifupi 500 kg.
Zamoyozi ndizocheperako ndipo zimakhala ndi miyendo yayitali, kutha pansi ndi ma phukusi azitsulo. Kuphatikiza apo, ma callus amatha kuwonedwa osati pamapazi a nyama yokha, amatseka mawondo ndi ziwalo zina za thupi.
Chovala chovalacho, chachitali kumbuyo ndi khosi, nthawi zambiri chimaphatikizana ndi maziko achipululu, chimakhala ndi mchenga. Komabe, pali zofiirira zakuda komanso zoyera, koma mtundu wa zolengedwa izi ndizotuwa za phulusa.
Kuphatikiza apo, mawonekedwe apadera a mawonekedwe awo (monga mukuwonera pachithunzi cha ngamila imodzi-yokhotakhota) ndi: Chotseka chopindika ndi nsidze zakuda ndi nsidze zazitali pakope, kuteteza mchenga m'zipululu; mafoloko apamwamba; Mphuno mwa mawonekedwe amphako omwe amatha kutseka ngati kuli kofunikira, omwe ndi abwino nthawi yamvula yamkuntho; komanso khosi lalitali komanso lalifupi, lokulirapo, mchira wa theka la mita.
Nyamazi zakhazikika bwino, adayamikiridwa kwambiri ndikufunidwa ku North Africa, India ndi mayiko ena aku Asia. Ngamila imodzi yong'ung'udzidwa imakhala ndi moyo ku Pakistan, Afghanistan ndi Iran - mayiko omwe nthawi zonse amakhala ofunikira kwa munthu, kotero kuti adakhala ngwazi zamatsenga ambiri akum'mawa.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa ngamira imodzi
Ngamila imodzi yokha – nyama, wokhoza kukhala ndi moyo wopanda mavuto m'malo ovuta kwambiri amchipululu, pomwe zolengedwa zina sizimatha ngakhale tsiku limodzi.
Khungu la zamoyozi sililimba kuti liume, ndipo kutentha kotentha sikumayambitsa thukuta. Chifukwa chake, thupi limasunga chinyezi chamtengo wapatali mchilala cham'chipululu.
Koma ngati ngamila ikwanitsa kufikira kumadzi, ndiye kuti, malinga ndi mphekesera, amasambira bwino kwambiri. Ndipo ichi ndichinsinsi chachilengedwe chanzeru, chifukwa ngamila zambiri m'miyoyo yawo sizinawone madzi amadzi ochuluka kwambiri, omwe amapezeka mumitsinje ndi m'nyanja.
Chinsinsi cha zodabwitsazi chikuwonekeratu kuti chabisika m'machitidwe chisinthiko, ndi ngamila imodzi yodumphadumpha, monga abale ake, nawonso adapatsidwa mwayi umenewu.
Anthu okhala mchipululu, kuyambira nthawi zakale mpaka lero, amadalira kwambiri nyama zolimbikira, zosadzichepetsazi. Arabu amawona zolengedwa ngati mphatso yamtengo wapatali kwambiri ya Allah.
Ogwira ntchito ngamila nthawi zonse akhala osasinthika. Amanyamula madzi, amathandizira kulima minda komanso amanyamula katundu wolemera. Izi zakhala zofala kwambiri m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku kotero kuti ngamira idakhala muyeso wamba wazikhalidwe za anthu aku East.
Ubweya wa nyama nthawi zonse umapatsa munthu zovala. Mafuta ake olemera, nyama yokoma idatumikira anthu, monga mkaka wa ngamila, womwe, utasungunuka ndi madzi, umathetsa ludzu.
Dromedaries adazolowereredwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu kwanthawi yayitali kotero kuti palibenso chidziwitso chokhudza moyo wawo wakuthengo, ngakhale ngamila imodzi yoweta adalowa m'moyo wamunthu, malinga ndi chidziwitso china, pambuyo pake, pambuyo pake kuposa omwe anali awiriwa.
Koma ma dromaries sanangokhala opezera chakudya komanso othandizira odalirika okhala m'chipululu, komanso adadziwika chifukwa cha mikhalidwe yawo yamtengo wapatali. Amalekerera kutentha kuposa ngamila za Bactrian, ndipo amapatsanso mkaka wambiri.
Kuchokera ku Chigriki "dromayos" amamasuliridwa mwachangu, ndipo izi zimawulula tanthauzo lonse mayina a ngamila yamphongo-imodzi, yemwe adakwanitsa kuposa abale ake mwachangu.
Nyama izi ndizopambana osati pantchito yokha, koma zidapambana kangapo, kutenga nawo mbali m'mipikisano yotchuka ya ngamila, yotchuka pakati pa anthu achiarabu kuyambira kale. Mitundu yosamukasamuka ya m'zipululu masiku ano imagwiritsa ntchito zolengedwa ngati nyama zolemetsa komanso njira yokhayo yoyendera.
Kholo la ngamila imodzi yokha adachokera kuzipululu za Arabia, ndipo adayamba kuwongoleredwa ndi mafuko a Bedouin zaka zoposa zikwi zitatu zapitazo. Pambuyo pake, ma dromaries adathera ku Palestina, ndikuchokera ku Uzbekistan ndi Turkmenistan. Koma kufalikira kumayiko akumpoto sikunachite bwino, chifukwa ngakhale ma dromedaries ndiwodzichepetsa komanso olimba, salola nyengo yozizira bwino.
Ngamila ndizodabwitsa kukhala odekha komanso odekha, anzeru, amakonda ndikumvetsetsa munthu. Komabe, amawonetsanso mikhalidwe yosasangalatsa. Mwachitsanzo, nyamazi zimatha kuuma kwambiri.
Chilichonse mwazolengedwa zimakhala ndi zizolowezi zawo komanso umunthu wawo, zomwe sizovuta kusintha nthawi zonse. Amakhalanso ndi chizolowezi chonyansa cha kulavulira, zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri kumalo osungira nyama, komwe amachita izi mobwerezabwereza kwa alendo.
Chakudya chimodzi cha ngamila
Mimba ya zolengedwa izi, monga ya obadwa. Amakhala ndi zipinda zingapo, zomwe ndizotheka kugaya chakudya ndi zokonda zawo, chifukwa Ngamila imodzi yodyetsedwa imadyetsa zakudya zamasamba. Ndipo chakudya chake chimaphatikizapo makamaka mbewu zonse zomwe zilipo.
Izi ndizowotchera zomwe zimatha kukhutitsidwa ndi chakudya chokhwima kwambiri komanso chodzikongoletsa: nthambi za tchire laminga, zomera, zomwe zimakhala ndi mchere wambiri, zomwe sizingatheke kuti zinyama zina zidye.
Kwa nthawi yayitali sangakhale opanda chakudya, yemwe amakhala atavulala mafuta omwe amapezeka. Omwe amakhala mu Sahara amatha kukhala moyo wabwinobwino ndikugwira ntchito mokwanira nthawi yonse yozizira, osabwezeretsanso nkhokwe zamthupi m'thupi, ndipo ziwalo zawo zimasinthidwa kuti zizisunga m'thupi ndikungotulutsa zochepa chabe. Koma ngamila ikapeza madzi ndikuyamba kumwa, imatha kuyamwa zidebe mpaka khumi zamadzi mumphindi zochepa.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Kubereka kwa ana amtsogolo mu ma dromedaries kumatha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse. Komabe, zimatengera kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe chimadyedwa, chifukwa chake chilengedwe chalamula kuti nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika, m'nthawi yachonde yamvula yam'madera am'chipululu, pomwe zamoyo zonse zimakhala ndi mwayi wopumula kutentha kotentha ndipo sakudziwa kusowa kwa chakudya.
Ngamila imodzi yokha kukhwima kukhala ndi ana mpaka zaka 6. Ngamila zimakhala ndi kutentha kangapo pachaka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mwayi wokhala ndi mwana wamwamuna mmodzi.
Ndikununkhiza kununkhira kwa mkazi, amuna kapena akazi awo omwe akuyembekezera kudzuka amatengeka. Izi zimawonekera ngakhale pazizindikiro zakunja. Dromedary mumtsukowo amakhala wankhanza mopitilira muyeso, ndipo chovala chooneka ngati thumba m'kamwa mwake chimasanduka chofiira ndikuwoneka ngati mpira wawukulu.
Nyama izi zimakwatirana modabwitsa, kugona chafufumimba kapena kukhala pansi, zomwe sizofanana kwenikweni ndi oimira nyama ngati amenewa. Ngamira yobadwa mayi atakhala ndi pakati pafupifupi chaka chimodzi, ili ndi ubweya wabwino komanso ubweya wofewa.
Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo amayamba kusuntha, ndipo patatha maola ochepa akuthamanga, koma chaka chonse amakhala ndi mwayi wosangalala ndi mkaka wa mayi wabwino. Kutalika kwa ngamila imodzi ali ndi zaka pafupifupi 45.
