Agronomists, nkhalango ndi akatswiri azanyengo. Anthu amtunduwu nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "malo apakati a Russia". Lingaliroli ndilofunika, monga malire amderalo. Mwambiri, tikulankhula za gawo laku Europe la dzikolo lokhala ndi nyengo yozizira yadziko lonse.
Ikujambula madera a Tambov, Kursk, Smolensk, Tver, Kostroma, Ivanovo, Tula ndi Orel. Mzindawu umaphatikizidwanso pamndandanda. Zatsala kuwonjezera zigawo za Lipetsk, Belgorod Orel, Bryansk, Kaluga, Ryazan ndi Vladimir.
Chifukwa cha nyengo yotentha, amakhala ndi mbalame zomwe sizimapezeka nthawi zonse kumadera ena a Russia. Mitundu Yodziwika 16. Tiyambe ndi iwo omwe mawu awo amayimbidwa m'mabuku, nyimbo ndi epics wamba.
Nightingale wamba
Pakatikati mwa Russia, mbalameyi imapezeka pa 10 Meyi. Ngati mukutsogozedwa ndi zisonyezo zachilengedwe, ma nightingles akuyembekeza kuti ma birch aphimbidwe ndi masamba. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuzizira sikubwerera mpaka nthawi yophukira ndipo madzi sadzaphimbidwa ndi ayezi.
Kuyandikira kwa madzi ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakuikira mazira usiku. Izi mbalame zoimba nyimbo zapakati pa Russia kukonda chinyezi. Chifukwa chake, akuyang'ana nkhalango zowirira m'mapiri ndi nkhalango.
Kunja, mwa njira, ma nightingles ndiosawoneka bwino, okulirapo pang'ono kuposa mpheta. Mbalamezo ndi zofiirira-azitona. Pakhosi ndi pamimba ndizopepuka kuposa nthenga zazikulu. Nthenga zakumtunda zakumaso ndizofiira pang'ono. "Zovala" zazimuna ndi zazimuna ndizofanana. Misa ndiyofanana. Akuluakulu, ndi magalamu 25-30.
Ma Nightingales amaphatikizidwa ndi banja lakuda. Mitundu yodziwika ndi yachibale chakumadzulo. Otsirizawa ndi omwe amayimba kwambiri pakati pa usiku. Ubalewo unakhudza mbalame zaku Russia. Ma Arias awo ali pafupifupi ofanana ndi nyimbo za mbalame zakumadzulo. Ma Nightingale amapereka zoimbaimba usiku, amafa m'mawa.
Pachithunzicho pali mbalame ya nightingale
Chimbudzi
Imvi yakuda, pa tsinde lochepa komanso lalitali. Umu ndi momwe chidole chimafotokozedwera - bowa wodziwika ndi poyizoni. Kodi mbalame ikugwirizana ndi chiyani? Palinso ziphuphu pakati pawo. Amatchedwa kufanana ndi bowa, chifukwa cha kufanana kwawo.
Sulufule wam nthenga. M'malo mwendo wautali, pali khosi lolumikizidwa, lomwe lovekedwa mutu wokhala ndi kolala yakuda ofiira. Nthenga zake zakuda zidagawika m'magulu awiri, zomwe zimawonjezera kufanana ndi kapu ya bowa wakupha. Uku ndikulongosola konse.
Chimbudzi chili ndi subspecies. Ambiri ndiomwe amakhala mseu wapakati. Mbalame za subspecies za khosi lofiira zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mikwingwirima yagolide pamasaya awo, ndikusandulika nthenga zowala mofanana nthenga pafupi ndi makutu. Chopondera chachikulu chili ndi nsidze yoyera, koma yamasaya otereyi ilibe.
Zolembedwazo zimasiyana kukula kwake. Oimira masamba akuluakulu amalemera kwambiri kuposa kilogalamu imodzi ndikufika masentimita 57 m'litali. Unyinji wa grebes-cheeked cheek ndi pafupifupi 700 magalamu. Kutalika kwa thupi, komabe, kuli pafupifupi masentimita 43. Mbalame zamasaya ofiira zimalemera magalamu 400 okha, mpaka kufika masentimita 34.
Ziphuphu zimakhazikika m'malo ofunda, koma ku Russia zimangofika chilimwe. Mbalamezi zimapezeka pakati pa Epulo ndikukhala pamadzi. Apa, zidole zimapeza banja ndikuyamba kuvina mosakanikirana. Ntchitoyi ndikubwereza mwatsatanetsatane mayendedwe a mnzake. Izi zimachitika ndi mbalame zokhala ndi tsamba la udzu pakamwa pawo. Zokongoletsa nthenga, komabe, zimatha kuchitiridwa nsanje.
Pachithunzicho pali mbalame zokhala ndi zimbudzi
Wopanda
Izi mbalame za pakati pa Russia amagawidwa kokha kumalire ake akumwera. Mitunduyi idalembedwa mu Red Book. Anthu anali olumala chifukwa cha kusaka. Mbalameyi ndi mbalame yayikulu kwambiri ku Europe. Nyama siangokhala yambiri, komanso ndi yokoma. Nzosadabwitsa kuti kusaka kunayimitsidwa kokha ndi zoletsa.
Pakakhala zoopsa, zophulika sizimalira ngakhale. Oimira mitunduyo ndi osalankhula. Kumbali inayi, bustard ili ndi maso akuthwa komanso mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, okumbutsa za Turkey. Yatsani chithunzi chapakati panjira zikuwoneka zazikulu.
Amuna ndi akuluakulu, olemera makilogalamu 15-20. Kuchuluka kwa akazi sikupitilira ma kilogalamu 8. Amayi achikazi amayenda opanda masharubu. Amuna ali nawo, ndithudi, amakhala ndi nthenga. Mitu ya mbalameyi ndi yapakatikati, imvi ndi milomo yayifupi. Khosi lamphamvu ndi thupi zimasiyanasiyana. Nthenga zakuda, zoyera, zofiira zimalowa. Likukhalira ribbed chitsanzo.
Bustards - mbalame za pakati pa Russia, kuchoka kokha ndikuyamba kuthamanga. Makulidwe amasokoneza kuyambira ndi malo. Alenjewo anali pachifundo chochepetsako, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti ziwombankhanga zichepe msanga.
Mbalame ya Bustard
Kupukuta
Ulendo. Ku Russia kale koyambirira kwa Marichi. Ngati nyengo yozizira inali yotentha, imafika mu February. Mapiri pafupi ndi matupi amadzi. Amadyetsa tizilombo. Kunja, zolakwika zimasiyanitsidwa ndi tuft pamutu pawo. Imapindidwa mwamasewera, ngati kupiringa.
Mtundu wa omwe akuyimira mitunduyo ndi wakuda ndi woyera, koma nthawi yamasiku "imapindika" ndi utoto wamtundu. Masewera awo amafanana ndi mitsinje yamafuta pamadzi, kapena ma oxidi pazitsulo.
Mimba ya lapwing ndi yoyera chipale chofewa, ndipo miyendo ndi yofiira. Kukongola ndi kochepa. Kulemera kwake kwa mbalame sikupitilira magalamu 350. Mapapu ndi masentimita 28-30 kutalika. Makulidwe azimayi ndi amuna ndi ofanana.
Mawu a zolephera siosangalatsa monga mawonekedwe awo. Nthenga zimakhala zaphokoso. Ku Russia, nthano idafotokozedwa kuchokera pakamwa kupita pakamwa wonena za mkazi yemwe adasandulika mbalame ndikubuula chifukwa cha imfa ya mwamuna wake. Mbiri ndiyofunika kuchitiridwa chifundo. Mwina ndichifukwa chake Asilavo amawona kuti zolakwikazo ndizopatulika, komanso kuwonongeka kwa zisa zawo ngati tchimo.
Pachithunzicho mbalameyo ikutha
Landrail
Liwu la chimanga chake lilibe nyimbo. Mbalame zamtchire zapakati akuthwa ndipo nthawi zambiri amalakwitsa ngati achule. Mukapeza gwero la phokosolo, mukuwona mbalame yolemera pafupifupi magalamu 150.
Thupi la nthenga limakhala lathyathyathya pang'ono, lopaka utoto wakuda, wabulauni komanso wakuda. Pamalo osadziwika, mapiko awiri afupiafupi. Amatha kukweza mbalameyo mlengalenga. Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri. Crake sakonda kuwuluka.
Ndizovuta kuwona chimanga cha chimanga. Oimira mitunduyo ndiwowopsa kwambiri, amawona bwino, amamva ndipo, mwachiwonekere, amadziwa momwe zinthu ziliri. Chimanga chake chimanga m'madambo onyowa ndiudzu wamtali, komwe amakhala. Kuvutitsa kusaka mbalame ndiyonso usiku. Ngakhale mdima utaduka, chimanga cha chimanga chimasunthira pansi. Mbalamezi zimatsitsa khosi ndi chifuwa chawo kwa iye.
Pomaliza, tiwulula chinsinsi cha thupi lathyathyathya la chimanga. Kupanikizika kwammbali kumachepetsa kukana kwa mpweya mukamayendetsa Osazolowera kuwuluka kuchoka pangozi, mbalame zimadalira kulimba kwa miyendo yawo komanso malamulo a sayansi.
Crake mbalame
M'busa
Thupi la nyenyezi limapangidwa ndi pinki. Kwa ena onse, dzina la mbalame zapakati pa Russia chikufanana ndi chakuda. Nthenga kumchira, m'khosi ndi kumutu zimapakidwa utoto. Ali ndi kuwala kofiirira. Crest imawonekera pamutu pa mbalameyo.
Nthenga zake zazitali sizili pamwamba kokha komanso m'mbali mwa mphuno. Miyendo ya nthenga ndi yofiira. Mu nyenyezi zazing'ono, awa ndi malo okha owala. Achinyamata, mbalamezi zimakhala zofiirira.
Mbalame zapinki sizingadziyerekezere popanda gulu. Gulu la mbalame ndilochuluka kwambiri kwakuti limaphimba thambo. Amawuluka makumi masauzande. Kumwamba, matupi otumbululuka a pinki "atayika". Stati amawoneka ngati banga la inki. Kuchuluka kwawo kumachitika chifukwa cha chizolowezi cha mbalame zomwe zikuthawira pamodzi.
Zisa zokongola za pinki m'zigwa za m'chipululu. Pakakhala mitengo, mbalame zimakumba mabowo m'nthaka, ndikuzikuta ndi maudzu ndi nthenga. Kuchuluka kwa zisa kumafanana ndi komwe mbalame zikutha. Pa 20 mita lalikulu - kuchuluka komweku kwa zomangamanga.
M'busa
Kadzidzi wamfupi
Amapezeka ku Russia konse, koma amasuntha nyengo yozizira. MU msewu wapakati - mbalame yozizira... Komabe, mchaka chino, oyang'anira mbalame apeza kadzidzi wamfupi m'chigawo cha Tyumen. Ichi ndi chinthu choyamba kuzizira kwa mitunduyo kunja kwa dera lapakati.
Malongosoledwe a kadzidzi wa khutu lalifupi amafanana ndi mawonekedwe a kadzidzi wamba. Komabe, mu chithaphwi, nthenga zam'mutu ndizocheperako, komanso, mbalameyo ndi yayikulu. Kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 40.
Komanso, zazikazi ndizokulirapo kuposa zamphongo, zomwe ndizosangalatsa kwambiri mbalame zambiri. Mapiko a chiwerewere opitilira 30 masentimita, theka lamphamvu la anthu silifikira ngakhale 27.
Ziwombankhanga zazifupi - mbalame zodya nyama zapakatikuposa othandiza agronomists. Mbalame zimawononga makoswe ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Zowona, kuchuluka kwa akadzidzi kumachepa. M'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, mitundu yamatope yakhala ikudwala chifuwa chachikulu ndi tiziromboti. Mbalame zambiri zimafa pankhondo zina ndi zilombo zina.
Kadzidzi wamfupi
Msuzi wachitsamba
Mapiko ake amafikira 2 mita. Komanso, mbalameyi imalemera makilogalamu osapitirira 2.5. Thupi laling'ono, lokongola limakhala lalitali masentimita 90-100. Mlomo wa chimeza chikufaniziridwa ndi lupanga, ndi chachikulu kwambiri.
Mutu wa nyerere ndi wolimba, mowoneka bwino kuposa kutalika kwake kwenikweni. Chithunzichi chowoneka chimapangidwa ndi gulu la nthenga zomwe zimakulitsa kapangidwe kake ngati pigtail. Mitengo ya nthenga imapachikika pa khosi lalitali la mbewa yotuwa. Khosi, mwa njira, ndi loyera. Pali zolemba zakuda pamimba ndi pamutu. Nthambi zonsezo ndi zotuwa, chifukwa chake dzina la mitunduyo.
Ku Russia, anyaniwa amakhala miyezi 6-7. Amawulukira ku Africa m'nyengo yozizira. Nthawi zonse amabwerera kumalo awo akale okhala ndi zisa. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuwasunga. Kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala ndi zisa kumatembenuza madera a heron kutali ndi maiko aku Russia.
Nthawi zina, mbalame zimakhala mmenemo m'nyengo yozizira, kuti zizidziyesa ngati zili ndi mphamvu. Chifukwa cha chipale chofewa chachikulu komanso kuzizira koopsa, mbalame zimafa. Komabe, chikhumbo cha anyani otuwa kuti akhale ku Russia chimapatsa ufulu wowatcha osamukira mbali imodzi yokha.
Mitunduyi idalembedwa mu Red Book. Chikhalidwe choteteza zachilengedwe chikugwirizana ndi kuchepa kwa chiwerengerochi. Alibe thandizo makamaka paubwana. Anapiye amabadwa opanda nthenga ndipo sangathe kuyenda. Herons amayimirira pamapazi pa sabata lachitatu la moyo, amakhala pachiwopsezo kwa zaka zingapo. Pakadali pano, achinyamata ambiri amaphedwa.
Msuzi wachitsamba
Steppe mphungu
Amafaniziridwa ndi manda. Mphungu imasiyanasiyana pakalibe mawanga m'mapewa ndi "kapu" yoyera pamutu. Kuphatikiza apo, mandawo amakhala ndi mtundu wakuda. Mphungu ya steppe ndi yofiirira. Pamutu pamutu pake pamakhala dzimbiri.
Kutalika, nthenga imafika 85 masentimita. Mapiko a chiwombankhanga ndi masentimita 180. Kulemera kwa thupi sikupitilira ma kilogalamu asanu. Mofanana ndi kadzidzi wamakutu ofupikira, amuna amtunduwo ndi ocheperako kuposa akazi.
Mphungu za steppe - nyengo yachisanu mbalame zapakati... Zowononga sizimangopha masewera chaka chonse, komanso zimachiritsa nkhalango. Kuyesera kunachitika ku Transbaikalia. Akatswiri a zinyama analanda mbalame 20,000 za nyamazi ndipo anaziyesa ngati zinali ndodo.
Nyama zonse zinali zathanzi. Kenako, asayansiwo adapita kumalo omwe ziwombankhanga zimakhalira, kukatola zotsalira za mbalame zomwe adadya. Ambiri mwa iwo adapeza matenda. Ziwombankhanga zimasaka nyama zofooka komanso zodwala pagulu, zimadyetsa. Sizikudziwika kuti mbalame zingawazindikire bwanji omwe amakhala kwakanthawi kochepa.
Chiwombankhanga ndi mtundu wa Red Book. Kuchuluka kwa anthu kukudzala ndi kufalikira kwa matenda omwe anyamula makoswe. Akatswiri a zinyama akumenyera nkhondo kuti abwezeretse mitunduyo. Makamaka, zida zapadera zaikidwa pazingwe zamagetsi. Kudutsa m'maderawo, amakhala mbalame zomwe zimapha. Ziwombankhanga zimagwera pamawaya ndikufa, zakhudzidwa ndimagetsi.
Steppe mphungu
Sterkh
Kukula kwa mbalameyi ndikofanana ndi munthu, ndipo kumakhala chimodzimodzi. Crane wakale kwambiri ku Siberia anali ndi zaka 80. Mapiko a mbalameyi ndi mamita 2.5. Ikuwoneka bwino kumwamba. Pali kukhulupirira kuti magulu a Cranes a Siberia ndi mizimu ya asitikali akufa. Tikukamba za ma cranes oyera.
Asayansi amawatcha kuti Siberia Cranes. Zowona, mpaka zaka zitatu mbalame ndizofiira. Cranes zoyera, monga swans, zimakhwima pakugonana. Mbalame zapanjira zapakati m'nyengo yozizira amasamukira. Komabe, nyengo yotentha, ma Cranes aku Siberia ku Russia komanso kwina kulikonse. Mbalameyi imadziwika kuti imapezeka mdzikolo, sikhala kunja kwa malire ake.
Pachithunzicho pali crane yoyera ya ku Siberia
Buluzi
Wachibale wa hawk uyu, amatchedwa ndi dzina lakalankhulidwe. Mbalameyi imalengeza mwachisoni, ngati mphaka yomwe ikumira. Ndikokwanira kukumbukira mawu oti "kubuula" kuti mumvetsetse mtundu wa nthengayo. Kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 60. Mapiko a nkhandwe amapitilira 1 mita, ndipo kulemera kwake kumafika makilogalamu 13.
Chinthu chapadera kwambiri cha akhungubwe ndi mtundu wa mbalame iliyonse. Ena ali ndi misana yoyera, ena ali ndi chifuwa, ena ali ndi nthenga zambiri zakuda, ndipo chachinayi ndi bulauni kwathunthu. Palinso akhungubwe otuwa. Ndi mtundu wa makoko okhawo womwe umafanana. Nthawi zonse imakhala ya monochromatic, yotumbululuka chikasu.
Buzzards amakhala kumapiri, akugawana gawo lawo ndi ziwombankhanga. Yotsirizira, mwa njira, imafuula ngati agalu okhazikika. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zina, ma steppes amadzazidwa ndi mamvekedwe omwe samasiyana kwenikweni.
Pachithunzicho pali mbalame ya khungubwe
Pomaliza, titchula mbalame zodziwika bwino zopezeka paliponse ku Russia. Kuno, monga kumadera ena mdzikolo, abakha, mpheta, akhwangwala, mapartridge ndi akalulu amapezeka.
Dzinalo lakumapeto, mwa njira, limalumikizidwa ndi mawu oti "kunyengerera". Koma, ngati mupita mwakuya, mchilankhulo cha Chilithuania pali lingaliro lakstiti, lomwe limatanthauza "kuwuluka". Chifukwa chake, swallows ndi otsatsa. Kuyamwitsa kumatanthauza kumenya pafupi ndi winawake ngati mbalame.
