Nyama yansalu yakale kwambiri yomwe imakhala ku North America - pronghorn antelope (lat. Antilocapra americana). M'nthawi ya Pleistocene, yomwe idatha zaka 11.7 zikwi zapitazo, panali mitundu yoposa 70 ya mitundu iyi, koma m'nthawi yathu ino ndi imodzi yokha yomwe idapulumuka, yokhala ndi mitundu isanu.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a pronghorn
Sizodabwitsa kuti pronghorn idapatsidwa dzina lodziwika bwino. Nyanga zake ndi zakuthwa kwambiri komanso zopindika, ndipo zimakula pakati pa amuna ndi akazi. Amuna, nyanga ndi zazikulu komanso zazikulu (30 cm cm), pomwe mwa akazi ndizochepa (sizidutsa kukula kwa makutu, pafupifupi masentimita 5-7) osati nthambi.
Monga ma saigas, nyanga za pronghorn zimakhala ndi chivundikiro chomwe chimapangidwanso kamodzi pachaka pambuyo pobereka kwa miyezi inayi. Ichi ndi chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimatsimikizira malo apakatikati a ma pronghorn pakati pa bovids ndi agwape, popeza nyama zina zokhala ndi nyanga zimakwirira, mwachitsanzo, ng'ombe ndi mbuzi, sizimakhetsa.
Mwa mawonekedwe pronghorn - nyama yocheperako komanso yokongola yokhala ndi thupi losinthasintha, lofanana ndi mbawala yamphongo. Pakamwa pakamwa, monga nthumwi zambiri za anthu osatulutsidwa, ndi kutalika komanso kutalikirana. Maso ake ndi owoneka bwino, akulu, omwe amakhala pambali ndipo amatha kuwona malo madigiri 360.
Kutalika kwa thupi kumafika masentimita 130, ndipo kutalika mpaka m'mapewa ndi masentimita 100. Kulemera kwake kumatha kusiyanasiyana kuchokera pa 35 mpaka 60 kg. Kuphatikiza apo, zazikazi ndizocheperako kuposa amuna ndipo zimakhala ndi zotupa za 6 zam'mimba pamimba.
Chovala cha pronghorn ndi chofiirira kumbuyo komanso chowala pamimba. Pakhosi pamakhala malo oyera owoneka ngati mwezi. Amuna ndi akuda pakhosi ndi m'mphuno mwa mawonekedwe a chigoba. Mchira ndi waung'ono, pafupi ndi thupi. Miyendo ili ndi ziboda ziwiri zopanda zala.
Chomwe chimakhala chamkati mwa pronghorns ndikupezeka kwa ndulu ndikupanga ma gland onunkhira omwe amakopa anthu ena ndi fungo. Kuyenda mwachangu kumaperekedwa ndi trachea yotukuka ndi mapapu owoneka bwino, mtima waukulu, womwe umakhala ndi nthawi yoyendetsa magazi ampweya mthupi lonse.
Miyendo yakutsogolo ili ndi zikwangwani zamatenda zomwe zimaloleza kuyenda pamtunda wolimba popanda kuwononga ziwalo.
Kodi pronghorn amakhala kumtunda uti ndi mawonekedwe ake, kudyetsa North America kuchokera ku Canada kumadzulo kwa Mexico kuli malo ambiri otseguka (madera, minda, zipululu ndi zipululu), okwera mpaka mamitala 3 zikwi pamwambapa, kumene pronghorns amakhala... Amakhala pafupi ndi madzi komanso zomera zambiri.
Chakudya cha antongope cha Pronghorn
Chifukwa cha moyo wawo wosangalatsa, pronghorns amatha kumwa madzi kamodzi pa sabata, chifukwa zomera zimakhuta. Koma amadya mosalekeza, kusokoneza kugona pang'ono kwa ola limodzi.
Pronghorns amadyetsa zitsamba zobiriwira, masamba a zitsamba, cacti zomwe zimapezeka panjira, zomwe ndizokwanira kumtunda komwe pronghorn amakhala.
Ma pronghorn ali ndi chizolowezi chopanga mawu osiyanasiyana, kulankhulana. Ana amatuluka, kuyitana amayi awo, amuna amabangula mokweza pankhondo, akazi amayitana ana omwe akulira.
Ndi liwiro la pronghorn wachiwiri kwa cheetah ndipo amakula mpaka 67 km / h, kusinthana kuthamanga ndikudumpha pamtunda wa 0.6 km. Miyendo yomwe yakhala ikusintha imalola kuti pronghorn isachedwe, kuthawa adani, koma siyimilira motere kwakanthawi ndikutuluka kwa 6 km.
Pachithunzicho, antelope wamkazi wamkazi
Pronghorn sangadumphe zopinga zazikulu, mipanda, ndichifukwa chake nyama zambiri zimafa nthawi yachisanu ndi njala. Iwo sangathe kuwoloka mpanda, kupita ku chakudya.
Pronghorn - nyama kusangalala. M'dzinja ndi dzinja, anthu amasonkhana pamodzi ndikusamuka motsogozedwa ndi mtsogoleri wosankhidwa. Zambiri zosangalatsa za pronghorns ndikuti chachikazi nthawi zonse chimakhala mtsogoleri, ndipo amuna achikulire samalowa mgululi, akuyenda mosiyana. M'nyengo yotentha, nthawi yoswana, magulu amatha.
Antelopes adakhazikitsa mlonda pakudyetsa, yemwe, atazindikira kuopsa, apereka chiwonetsero kwa gulu lonselo. Mmodzi ndi mmodzi, ma pronghorn amapukusa tsitsi lawo, ndikukweza ubweya pamapeto pake. Mwadzidzidzi, alamu amaphimba nyama zonse.
Chithunzicho chikuwonetsa gulu laling'ono la pronghorn
Pakasowa chakudya m'nyengo yozizira, antelope amasuntha mtunda wautali, osasintha njira kwa zaka, kwa 300 km. Kuti mufike pachakudya, pronghorn imaswa chisanu ndi ayezi, kuvulaza miyendo. Zowononga zomwe zimasaka nyama zamphongo ndi nyama zazikulu: mimbulu, ziphuphu ndi mphalapala.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Nthawi yobereketsa imakhala mchilimwe ndipo nthawi ya chibwenzi imakhala pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Amuna ndi akazi amagawika m'magulu osiyana omwe amakhala m'malo awoawo, otetezedwa mwamphamvu.
Nkhondo imachitika pakati pa amuna, zomwe zimapweteka kwambiri kwa wotayika. Amuna amatenga akazi okwana 15 kupita kwawo, osangokhala amodzi. Ngati mkaziyo avomera kulowa mchipinda chachikazi ndikuvomera kukondana kwamphongoyo, amakweza mchira wake, kulola kuti yamphongo iyanjane naye.
Pachithunzicho, nyani yamphongo yokhala ndi mwana
Makanda 1-2 amabadwa m'ngalande imodzi kamodzi pachaka. Mimba imakhala miyezi 8. Ana obadwa kumene alibe thandizo, amakoka ndi utoto wofiirira komanso olemera pang'ono mpaka 4 kg. Amabisala muudzu chifukwa miyendo yawo ndi yofooka ndipo sangathe kuthawa ngozi. Mayi amayendera ana ake kanayi pa tsiku kuti akamudyetse.
Pambuyo pa miyezi 1.5. Ana atha kulowa nawo gulu lalikulu, ndipo akafika miyezi itatu. mkaziyo amasiya kuwadyetsa mkaka, ndipo tiana tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono timayamba kudya udzu. Zaka zamoyo zimakhala mpaka zaka 7, koma pronghorn nthawi zambiri samakhala ndi zaka 12.
Ubale Waumunthu, Kusaka ndi Kuteteza Ma Pronghorn
Chifukwa cha nyama, nyanga ndi zikopa, pronghorn idakhala chinthu chosakidwa ndi anthu. Pofika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la makumi awiri, anthu anali atatsika kwambiri, ndipo panali anthu 20 miliyoni okha.Pakuwonjezera apo, chifukwa chakumangidwa kwa mizinda ndi malo olimapo, malo okhala nyama nawonso adatsika.
Njala imalimbikitsa antelope kuwononga malo olimapo ndi minda, kupondaponda ndi kudya tirigu, ndikupweteketsa anthu. Manyazi a nyama salola kuchita zambiri chithunzi cha pronghorn.
Subspecies 2 mwa 5 pronghorn imaphatikizidwa mu Red Book chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa anthu. Kutetezedwa kwa nyamazi kwachititsa kuti kuchuluka kwawo kukuchereka pang'onopang'ono, ndipo tsopano chiwerengerochi chakwera mpaka mitu 3 miliyoni.
