Pali zisindikizo zambiri zazikulu m'chilengedwe. Pakati pawo pali mmodzi wa oimira akuluakulu komanso otchuka - mkango wanyanja. Mwanjira ina, amatchedwanso mkango wanyanja.
Anthu akamva mawu oti "mkango" aliyense mosaganizira amaganiza za mane wapamwamba komanso zamphamvu zamfumu ya nyama. Dzina lodzitamandira ili osati la iye yekha, komanso la chinyama china, chomwe chimakhala ndi zipsepse m'malo mwa zikulu zazikulu, ndi tsitsi lochepa m'malo mwa mane wobiriwira.
Mafumu a nyama awa amakhala mumadzi. Mitundu imeneyi ili pachiwopsezo chotha, motero mkango wanyanja kwakanthawi tsopano mu Red Book.
Katswiri wa sayansi ya zamoyo ku Germany G. Steller ataona chozizwitsa chachikulu kwambiri chofota komanso khosi, maso agolide ndi theka lakumbuyo kwakuthupi, nthawi yomweyo adakumbukira mikango. China chake chimafanana ndi nyama izi.
Pachifukwa ichi mkango wam'madzi udalandira dzina lotere. Liwu lake la bass, lomwe limamveka patali kwambiri ngati kubangula, silinapangitse aliyense kukayikira kulondola kwa dzinalo.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a mkango wanyanja
Zosangalatsa mokwanira mafotokozedwe a mikango yam'nyanja. Nyama izi ndi zazikulu. Kutalika kwa amuna akulu mkango wanyanja Itha kufikira 4 mita, ndi kulemera kopitilira 650 kg.
Pakati pawo palinso zolengedwa zazikulu kwambiri zomwe zimalemera mpaka tani. Koma mikango yam'nyanjayi siofala. Kwenikweni, kutalika kwawo ndi ma 2.5-3 mita.
Pachithunzicho mkango wamphongo wamwamuna wachikulire
Akazi nthawi zonse amakhala ocheperako kuposa amuna. Pakhosi lalitali komanso loyenda la nyama pamakhala mutu wozungulira, wokhala ndi mphutsi yotakata, yomwe imafanana kwambiri ndi mphuno ya bulldog, mphuno yokweza pang'ono ndi ma vibroses aatali.
Maso nyama ya mkango wa m'nyanja yaying'ono kukula, osawonekera kwambiri. Makutu ndi omwewo. Zipsepse zake ndi zazikulu komanso zamphamvu. The scruff ndi khosi la amuna ndizokongoletsedwa ndi tsitsi lalitali lomwe limafanana ndi scruff. Izi zimathandiza nyamazo kudziteteza ku zotheka kuchokera kwa omwe akupikisana nawo panthawi yankhondo.
Mtundu wa thupi lake umayang'aniridwa ndi utoto wofiirira wokhala wachikaso. Mtundu uwu ndi wosasintha. Kusintha kwake kumachitika m'moyo wonse nyanja mkango mkango. Achinyamata amaphatikizidwa ndi utoto wonyezimira.
Mkango wam'nyanja ukayamba kuwala, ukamatha msinkhu. Kusintha kwa mtundu wa nyama kumachitikanso chifukwa chakusintha kwa nyengo. M'miyezi yozizira yozizira, nyama imakhala yakuda kwambiri, mthunzi wake umakhala ngati chokoleti. M'chilimwe, mikango yam'nyanja imakhala yobiriwira.
Tsitsi limayang'aniridwa ndi awns. Zimapezeka kuti zikuwona pansi pa mikango yam'nyanja, koma sizabwino. Mkango wam'nyanja wa Steller pachithunzichi siziwoneka zokongola kwambiri, ndipo m'moyo weniweni sizimasiyana ndi kukongola kwapadera, koma chinyama ichi chimalimbikitsa ulemu ndi chifundo.
Pachithunzicho, mwana wamkazi, wamwamuna komanso wamphongo wamkango wam'nyanja
Nyama izi ndi mitala. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kwa wamwamuna m'modzi zikhala zabwino kuti akwaniritse zosowa za akazi awiri kapena kupitilira apo. Chifukwa chake, mdera lawo, azimayi amapangidwa nthawi zambiri, koma amakhalanso ndi demokalase mkati mwawo.
Amuna samakondera akazi chifukwa cha kusakanikirana kwawo. Chifukwa chake, moyo wawo umayenda mwakachetechete komanso mosadukiza, popanda zonena wina ndi mnzake.
Amayi samangokhalira kukhala ndi wokongola wawo nthawi zonse. Kwa dona, izi zimamupatsa mwayi wabwino wokhazikika munyumba ya rookery komwe akufuna.
Nthawi zambiri mkazi amabala mwana mmodzi. Akabadwa, yaikazi imakhala yaukali ndipo imadziteteza ndi anawo ku chilichonse.
Patatha milungu iwiri izi zitachitika, nthawi yokwatirana imachitika, yomwe kumapeto kwake kumatha kumapeto kwa Juni. Gawo lachiwiri la Julayi limadziwika ndi kuwonongeka pang'ono pang'onopang'ono kwa ma rookeries ndi kuwola kwa ma harems.
Palinso amuna okhaokha mikango yam'nyanja, omwe amakhala ndi ma bachelors omwe, pazifukwa zina, sanakwanitse kupanga azimayi awo. Amatha kukhala amisinkhu yosiyana kwambiri, kuyambira achinyamata mpaka achikulire. Pakatha nthawi yobereketsa, amuna onse amasakanikirana pagulu limodzi lalikulu.
Nyama izi zimakhala modekha pamasamba. Kubangula kwa mkango wawo kumamveka kokha pamtunda wautali, womwe umafanana ndi nyanga za sitima zapamadzi. Phokoso lotere limapangidwa ndi amuna akulu. Kubangula kwa akazi kumakhala ngati kulira kwa ng'ombe. Anawo amakhala ndi kulira kwamphamvu, kokumbutsa mawu a nkhosa.
Mkhalidwe wankhanza wa mikango yam'nyanja sikupereka mpata wowagwira iwo amoyo. Nyama nthawi zambiri zimamenyana mpaka komaliza, koma osataya mtima, chifukwa chake ndizochepa kwambiri zomwe zimakhala mndende. Koma vuto lina lodziwika lidawonedwa pomwe mkango wam'madzi umacheza ndi munthu ndipo nthawi zonse umayang'ana m'hema wake kuti upeze chakudya.
Moyo ndi malo okhala a mkango wa Steller
Moyo wonse wa nyama izi wagawika magawo awiri. – rookery ndi osamukasamuka. M'nyengo yozizira nyanja mkango amakhala mdera lanyengo yamalo otentha, kunyanja yaku Mexico. M'ngululu ya chaka, pafupi ndi chilimwe, imasunthira kugombe la Pacific. Malo awa ali ndi zofunikira pakuswana. chisindikizo cha mkango wa m'nyanja.
Zowononga izi zimatha kulowa m'madzi okwanira kuti zizipeza chakudya chawo, ndizosambira zabwino komanso zosiyanasiyana. Ambiri Mikango yam'nyanja ya Kamchatka m'mphepete mwa gombe lakumadzulo la pafupifupi. Sakhalin. M'nthawi yamasika amatha kuwonekera m'mbali mwa Chitata. Amakonda kukhala ochepa ndipo samapanga masango akuluakulu.
Pakati pa akazi m'mbali mwa malo ogulitsira, pali akazi 5-20 a mkango wamphongo wamphongo. Kwa gulu lililonse la akazi, gawo lake lokhalo limakonzedweratu, kukula kwake kwakukulu kumadalira mkhalidwe wankhanza komanso kuthekera kwamwamuna. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka pamalo athyathyathya ndipo nthawi zina amapezeka mamita 10-15 pamwamba pamadzi.
Malo omwe nyama zimakonda kwambiri ndi Kuril ndi Commander Islands, Nyanja ya Okhotsk ndi Kamchatka yaku Russia, komanso pafupifupi gawo lonse la Pacific, lomwe limaphatikizapo Japan, USA, Canada, Alaska ndi California. Koposa zonse amakonda miyala ndi miyala yamiyala. Sakonda ayezi.
Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala oyamba kufikira malo ogulitsa. Amalemba malowo ndipo, modzikuza, mokwiya, amawasungira azimayi awo. Pambuyo pake, azimayi amayandikana nawo ndipo nthawi yomweyo amabereka ana awo, omwe adatenga chaka chonse, ndipo amunawo amayang'anira bwino malowo.
Chakudya cha mkango wa m'nyanja
Nyama zolusa izi zimakonda nsomba ndi nkhono. Amadyanso squid ndi octopus mosangalala kwambiri. Ngati ndi kotheka, amatha kusaka nyama zokulirapo, makamaka, zisindikizo zaubweya.
Mikango yam'nyanja imadya nyamakazi
Nthawi yomweyo, sasamala za mwana pamaso pawo kapena munthu wamkulu. Iwowo sali inshuwaransi motsutsana ndi mfundo yoti atha kukhala chakudya cha adani a m'nyanja - shaki kapena anamgumi opha.
Zonsezi, pali mitundu pafupifupi 20 ya nsomba zomwe mikango yam'nyanja imakonda. Zikuwoneka kuti zomwe amakonda pazakudya zimadalira kwambiri malo.
Mwachitsanzo, mikango yam'nyanjayi yomwe imakhala mumtsinje wa California imakonda mabass, halibut komanso ma flounder. Ma bass am'nyanja, gobies ndi pinagora amadyedwa mwachidwi ndi mikango yam'mphepete mwa nyanja ku Oregon.
Pachithunzipa mkango wachikazi wakunyanja ukubwera kuchokera kosodza
Pamphepete mwa nyanja ya British Columbia, nsomba zamitundu mitundu ndizochulukirapo. Chifukwa chake, zakudya zamikango zam'nyanja zomwe zimakhala m'derali ndizochulukirapo. Algae, miyala ndi mchenga wokhala ndi miyala nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'mimba mwa mikango yam'nyanja.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo wa mkango wanyanja
Amuna ali okonzeka kupitiliza mtundu wawo ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi zitatu, akazi ali pang'ono kale - azaka 3-5. Kumayambiriro kwa masika, kubereka kwawo kumayamba.
Popita nthawi, rookery yomwe imagonjetsedwa ndi amuna kudzera munkhondo zowopsa imayendera azimayi omwe amunawo amatsatiranso nawo patangopita nthawi yochepa atabereka.
Kwa akazi ake onse, chachimuna ndiye chitetezo chodalirika ndi chithandizo. Nthawi yoswana imadziwika ndikuti mikango yam'nyanja imapanga misasa iwiri - ma harem ndi ma bachelor rookeries.
Mimba ya mkango wamkazi wam'madzi imakhala chaka chimodzi. Mwana wobadwa akugwera pansi pa chisamaliro chenicheni cha amayi, iye samamusiya kulikonse. Koma nthawi imapita, mwana amakula ndipo wamkazi amayenera kuchoka kuti akapeze chakudya cha iye ndi iye.
Pachithunzicho, mkango wamnyanja wakhanda
Pafupi ndi chilimwe, ana amakula, palibe chifukwa chowayang'anira nthawi zonse, chifukwa chake azimayiwo amatha, ndipo nyama zimangosakanikirana. Nyama zosangalatsa izi zimakhala zaka 25-30.
Posachedwa, mikango yakunyanja ikuchepa. Palibe amene angamvetse chifukwa chake izi zikuchitika. Pali malingaliro akuti, monga nyama zina zambiri, amakhudzidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, akuwonongedwa kwambiri ndi anamgumi opha.
Komanso, chifukwa chomwe mikango yam'nyanja ikusowa imalingaliridwa kuti ndiyomwe imagwidwa ndi zombo za pollock ndi herring, zomwe ndi chakudya chawo chachikulu.
