Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a ng'ona yosakaniza
Ng'ona yosekedwa ndi imodzi mwamagulu akulu kwambiri komanso oopsa m'banja la ng'ona. Pokhala ndi ng'ona yosenda, onse m'madzi am'nyanja ndi mitsinje, amakhala m'mayiko otsukidwa ndi Pacific kapena Indian Ocean.
Mutha kuwona oimira ku Indonesia, Vietnam, kum'mawa kwa India ndi New Guinea. Nthawi zambiri, chilombocho chimakhala ku Australia ndi Philippines.
Dzinalo "ridged" lidatuluka m'mizere iwiri yamatumba akhungu, amayamba kuchokera m'maso ndikupita kumapeto kwa kamwa ka ng'ona. Ziphuphu zimapangidwa mwa akuluakulu, sizipezeka m'zinyama zazing'ono ndipo zimapangidwa msinkhu wa ng'ona ukafika zaka 20.
Pobadwa, mwana wang'ona sakulemera ngakhale magalamu 100, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi ndi 25-35 cm.Koma pofika chaka choyamba atabadwa, kulemera kwake kumafika mpaka 3 kg, ndipo kutalika kwake kumapitilira 1 m.
Ng'ona yophatikizana imawoneka yosangalatsa osati m'moyo wokha, komanso chithunzi, ndipo zonse chifukwa cha kukula kwake kodabwitsa. Makulidwe a ng'ona wamkulu yosakaniza imasinthasintha: 4-6 m, ndipo misa ndiyoposa 1 tani.
Akazi ndi ocheperako, kutalika kwa thupi lawo kuyambira 3 m, ndi kulemera kwa ng'ona yosalala kuchokera 300 mpaka 700 kg. Chilombo chachikulu kwambiri chinapezeka mu 2011, kutalika kwa ng'ona inali 6.1 m, ndipo kulemera kwake ndikoposa 1 tani. Pakamwa pake palibe milomo, sangathe kutseka mwamphamvu.
Thupi lonse la anthu limakutidwa ndi masikelo. Ng'ona siyingathe kukhetsa, ndipo khungu lake limakula ndikudziyambiranso m'moyo wake wonse. Zinyama zazing'ono zimakhala ndi masikelo achikasu otumbululuka, ndipo thupi lili ndi mabala akuda.
Khungu limatenga mdima wakuda zaka 6-11. Akuluakulu amakhala ndi masikelo obiriwira imvi, mawanga ofiira ofiira amatha kutsatidwa pamwamba pa matupi awo. Koma mtundu wa mimba yawo ukhoza kukhala woyera kapena wonyezimira.
Mchira ndi wakuda imvi. Maso ali pamwamba pamutu, kotero kuti ngati mutayang'ana bwino pamwamba pamadzi, maso ndi mphuno zokha ndi zomwe zimawonekera. Miphika ndi yaifupi, yamphamvu, yoluka pa intaneti, imvi yakuda, yokhala ndi misomali yayitali, miyendo yakumbuyo ndiyolimba.
Kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1980, mitunduyi idatsala pang'ono kutha, idawonongedwa kwambiri chifukwa cha khungu, zinthu zamtengo wapatali zidapangidwa kuchokera pamenepo. Mitundu ya ng'ona yosakanikirana idaphatikizidwa ku Red Book, lero, malinga ndi malamulowo, sikuloledwa kugwira adani. Chiwerengero chawo chikuposa 100 zikwi ndipo sichikuwopseza kutayika kwina.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Ng'ona yophatikizana yamadzi amchere - chilombo, sikuti amafunikira gulu, amayesetsa kukhala m'modzi m'modzi. Munthu aliyense ali ndi gawo lake, amalitchinjiriza mosamala kwa amuna ena.
Amayendetsa bwino kwambiri nyanja yam'madzi, koma amakhala m'madzi oyera nthawi zonse. Chifukwa cha thupi lake lotambalala ndi mchira wake wamphamvu, womwe nyamayo imagwiritsa ntchito ngati chiwongolero, imatha kuyenda m'madzi liwiro la makilomita opitilira 30 pa ola limodzi.
Nthawi zambiri samathamangira, amangofika liwiro losaposa 5 km pa ola limodzi. Ng'ona yosekedwa imayesera kukhala pafupi ndi matupi amadzi kapena madzi, nthaka siwokhalamo.
M'mayiko ena (mwachitsanzo, ku Africa), makamaka m'midzi, palibe banja ngakhale limodzi lomwe munthu wavulala pakamwa pa ng'ona yosakanikirana. Pankhaniyi, zimakhala zovuta kupulumuka, chifukwa kamwa yamphaka imatseka mwamphamvu kotero kuti ndikosatheka kutsegula.
Ng'ona yopetedwa sichingatchulidwe chifukwa cha zokwawa "zokongola komanso zokopa", ngakhale ali ndi chikhalidwe chokhazikika, amakhala wokonzeka nthawi zonse kulimbana ndi wolakwiridwayo kapena wolakwira yemwe adalimba mtima kuti amulowerere m'malo ake abwino.
Komabe, ng'ona ndizanzeru kwambiri, zimatha kulumikizana wina ndi mnzake pogwiritsa ntchito mawu osavuta omwe amafanana ndi moo ng'ombe imachitira.
Nyamayo imasaka m'mawa kapena madzulo, kotero ndikosavuta kudziwa nyama yomwe ikukoka ndikukoka m'madzi. Ng'onayo imayang'anitsitsa wovulalayo, imatha kutsatira mpaka maola angapo, ikudikirira nthawi yoyenera.
Wovulalayo ali pafupi, ng'ona yosenda imadumphira m'madzi ndikuukira. Masana, amakonda kupumula, akusangalala ndi dzuwa. Nyengo yotentha kwambiri, ng'ona imatsegula pakamwa pake, kuziziritsa thupi.
Amathanso kukoka dzenje ndi madzi nthawi ya chilala ndikubisalira, potero amadzipulumutsa okha kutentha. Pamtunda, zokwawa sizikhala zokwanira, koma zimakhala zosakhazikika komanso zosakhazikika, koma izi sizimawalepheretsa kusaka, makamaka ngati wovulalayo wayandikira kwambiri.
Ng'ombe yosekedwa idatchulidwa kuti mizere yomwe imachokera m'maso mpaka kumapeto kwa kamwa.
Chakudya
Ng'ona yosenda imadyetsa nyama zazikulu, m'zakudya zawo pali akamba, antelopes, owunika abuluzi, ziweto. Ng'ona imatha kumenya munthu wokulirapo kuposa iye.
Ng'ona zazing'ono zimapanga nsomba ndi nyama zopanda mafupa. Olandira pa nsagwada amathandiza kuti azindikire wozunzidwayo ngakhale patali kwambiri. Samatafuna nyama yawo, koma amaing'amba ndikumeza.
Miyala yomwe imapezeka m'mimba ndikuphwanya chakudya imathandizira kugaya chakudya. Ng'ona yosekedwa siyidyetsa nyama yakufa, pokhapokha ngati ili yofooka kwambiri komanso yotha kusaka.
Komanso sakhudza chakudya chovunda. Panthawi ina, chilombocho chimatha kumeza theka la kulemera kwake, chakudya chochuluka chimagayidwa kukhala mafuta, chifukwa chake, ngati kuli kofunikira, chilombocho chimatha kukhala osadya pafupifupi chaka chimodzi.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Nthawi yabwino yoswana ndi nyengo yamvula, posakhala kutentha kwakukulu ndi chilala. Ng'ona yosekedwa ndi ya zokwawa zamitala; azimayi ake amakhala ndi akazi opitilira 10.
Ng'ona yaikazi imaikira mazira, koma poyamba imakonzekeretsa mtundu wina wamapiri, nthambi kapena matope. Kutalika kwa phirili kumachokera pa 50 cm, ndipo m'mimba mwake ndi kuyambira 1.5 mpaka 2 m, pomwe kutentha kosasintha kumakhalabe mkati.
Kugonana kwa mbadwa zamtsogolo zam'madzi zimadalira izi: ngati kutentha mkatimo kulipo kuposa madigiri 32, ndiye kuti amuna amawoneka, ngati ndiotsika, azimayi amaswa.
Mazira amaikidwa paphiri, mazira 30 mpaka 90 amaswedwa nthawi imodzi. Koma ndi ana 5% okha omwe adzapulumuke ndikukula. Ena onse azunzidwa ndi zilombo zina, monga kudya mazira oyang'anira abuluzi ndi akamba.
Pachithunzicho, ana a ng'ona yosakanizidwa
Amayi amayang'anira ana mpaka kumvekera pang'ono - ichi ndi chisonyezo kuti yakwana nthawi yoti athandize anawo, kuti apite kuthengo. Amakumba nthambi, masamba ake, amabzala pakamwa ndikuwatengera posungira kuti azolowere madzi.
Ana amakhala chaka choyamba ndi theka la moyo ndi wamkazi, kenako amakhala pamtunda wawo. Avereji ya nthawi ng'ona zikuluzikulu zaka zopitilira 65-70, ngakhale asayansi ena amati zokwawa zimatha kukhala zaka zoposa 100.
Ng'ona yosekedwa ndi imodzi mwazilombo khumi zolusa kwambiri komanso zoopsa padziko lapansi. Komabe, samenya popanda chifukwa, amateteza gawo lake, kapena amamenyera nyama.
