Arctic ndi Subarctic, ngakhale kuli nyengo yozizira m'malo amenewa, si malo osauka anyama. Amakonda kwambiri mbalame. Koma izi zili mchilimwe chokha. M'nyengo yozizira, pali magawo angapo ndi akadzidzi oyera, oimira mtundu wa kadzidzi. Dzina lina la kadzidzi woyera ndi polar. Mbalameyi ndi yomwe imadya nyama zakuthambo kwambiri. Ndilo lalikulu kwambiri m'chigawo chonsechi.
Chofunika kwambiri pa mbalame ndikuti imatha kukhala popanda chakudya kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo kadzidzi amasankha nthawi iliyonse posaka. Zimakhala zosavuta kuti iye aziyenda mlengalenga tsiku lowala komanso mumdima wa usiku.
Chifukwa cha chovala choyera chofunda, chomwe chilengedwe chapereka nthenga iyi, kadzidzi amatha kukhala m'malo achisanu a tundra ndikusaka nyengo yotentha usiku.
Palinso chinthu china chabwino cha nthenga zotentha za mbalameyi. Kadzidzi Woyera sagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri mu zovala zake zotentha, motero amafunikira chakudya chochepa kuti achire. Ichi ndichifukwa chake akadzidzi sawopa kusowa kwa chakudya ndipo amakhala okhutira ndi chakudya chochepa popanda mavuto.
Zochepa chisanu adzauluka kukawedza, mpata waukulu wokhala ndi moyo. Ichi ndi china chabwino cha nthenga zake zoyera. Popanda iyo, zikadakhala zovuta kuti mbalameyo ikhalebe m'malo ovuta a arctic.
Maonekedwe ndi malo okhala ndi kadzidzi woyera
Kadzidzi wamkulu woyera amadziwika kuti ndi mbalame yayikulu kwambiri komanso yokongola kwambiri yamundawo. Mkazi nthawi zambiri amakhala wamkulu kuposa wamwamuna wake. Kukula kwake kumafika 70 cm, ndi mapiko a 165 masentimita ndikulemera kwa 3 kg.
Kutalika kwa thupi lamwamuna nthawi zambiri sikupitilira 65 cm, ndikulemera kwa 2.5 kg. Kadzidzi wamkulu wachipale chofewa amakhala ndi nthenga zoyera zokhala ndi timadontho tating'ono ting'ono. Kwa wokhala m'malo amphepo yachisanu, utoto uwu ndiye woyenera kwambiri.
Mdima wakuda ndi woyera, zikomo kwa iye, sizimadziwika. Mbalameyi ilinso ndi nthenga zolimba pamapazi ake, zomwe zimakwaniritsa suti yake yobisala ndipo sizimauma. Mutu wa kadzidzi ku polar uli ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira.
Maso ake ndi achikasu owala kwambiri ndi ma eyelashes akulu komanso obiriwira. Ndiyenera kusamala ndi mawonekedwe a mbalameyi. Nthawi zonse amachepetsa maso ake. Wina amakhala ndi lingaliro loti kadzidzi akutenga cholinga.
Makutu a mbalameyi ndi ang'onoang'ono kwambiri moti sawoneka pamutu pake pozungulira. Mlomo nawonso siwodabwitsa, ndi wakuda ndipo pafupifupi wabisika konse mu nthenga za kadzidzi. Zikhadabo zakuda zimawoneka pamiyendo.
Ponena za kusiyana pakati pa akazi ndi amuna, zoyambazo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zakuda. Anapiye ang'onoang'ono amakhala okutidwa ndi nthenga zoyera, kenako amapeza mithunzi yakuda, yomwe pamapeto pake imasanduka yoyera ndi yakuda.
Mwa akadzidzi achichepere otukuka, mitundu yambiri imapambana pamitundu. Mbalame molt mu July ndi November. Pambuyo pa Novembala moult, kadzidzi amasintha malaya amoto achisanu, omwe amakhala ndi zotenthetsera zabwino kwambiri.
Kadzidzi woyera pachithunzichi - ndi umunthu wa kukongola ndi ukulu wosapezekapo. Munthu sangayang'ane cholengedwa chodabwitsa ichi osasangalala. Mu mbalame, chilichonse chimakopa, kuyambira chovala choyera choyera choyera mpaka kukongola kwa amber.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa kadzidzi woyera
Gawo logawa la kadzidzi ku polar ndi gawo lonselo la tundra. M'nyengo yozizira, kuti tipeze chakudya kadzidzi woyera amakhala mu nkhalango-tundra ndi steppes. Akadzidzi achisanu samapezeka m'nkhalango. Kwa nyengo yozizira, mbalameyi imasankha malo otseguka, nthawi zambiri imatha kuwulukira m'midzi.
Mbalame zimasamuka kuyambira Seputembara mpaka Okutobala. M'madera akumwera kadzidzi woyera amakhala mpaka Epulo-Marichi. M'madera ena, mbalame zimakhala m'nyengo yozizira, posankha kuchuluka kwa chipale chofewa chopanda ayezi.
Kadzidzi woyera mtunda wautali ndi nyama yolusa. Samasaka pafupi ndi chisa chake. Izi zimawonedwa ndi mbalame zina ndipo zimakonda kukhazikika pafupi ndi kadzidzi wachisanu, yemwe amateteza gawo lake ku nyama zolusa.
Pokasaka, mbalameyo imasankha kukhala pansi. Amayang'ana phiri ndikukhala, kudikirira kuti wolandirayo afike kwa iye. Madzulo, imatha kupezapo wovutikayo pa ntchentche.
Kadzidzi amaundana ndi kumawomba malo amodzi mpaka wovulalayo atagwidwa. Kadzidzi yemwe amakhala ndi chipale chofewa si mbalame yongochita usiku basi; maulendo ake osaka nthawi zambiri amagwa madzulo ndi m'mawa m'mawa masana.
Wovutitsidwayo nthawi zambiri amatsatiridwa ndi kadzidzi akuba, pomwe nyama yaying'ono imameza ndi kadzidzi. Kadzidzi amachita mosiyana ndi nyama yaikulu. Amadzikokera okha, nkung'amba mzidutswa tating'ono kenako ndikumayamwa.
Kadzidzi wachipale chofewa amalira mwadzidzidzi, kukuwa komanso kukuwa. Mbalameyi ikakhala yosangalala, mumamva phokoso lake lalitali kwambiri. Ziwombankhanga zimakhala chete nthawi yoswana ikatha.
Malo omwe mbalamezi zimakonda kwambiri zimakhala pamwamba pa mapiri a permafrost. Kuchokera m'malo awa, mwiniwake wamatalala oyera amatha kuwona zonse zomwe zimachitika mozungulira, komanso momwe amuna ake amasaka.
Nkhandwe ya arctic ndi mdani wolimba wa akadzidzi onse akum'mwera. Ngakhale kuti pankhondo yowonekera bwino mdaniyu amachititsa kuti mdani wake athawe, magulu ake a mbalame nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mavuto. Pofuna kumanga mazira, kadzidzi amakumba mabowo osaya ndikuwayika ndi udzu ndi moss.
Kudya kadzidzi woyera
Chakudya chomwe amakonda kwambiri kadzidzi kum'mwera ndi mandimu. Pakati pa nyengo yozizira, yozizira kwambiri, makoswewa amabisala pansi pa bulangeti lakuda kwambiri. Ndipo pofika nyengo yamasika, amasiya nyumba zawo ndikuyamba kuchulukana msanga.
Kadzidzi amatha kudya lemm 1,600 chaka chonse. Sazindikiranso kuti amadya ermines, hares, partges, atsekwe, abakha, nsomba. Pafupi ndi kadzidzi woyera amati iye samanyoza ndi kuvunda. Ngati pali nyama zochepa, mbalameyi imatha kusaka nkhandwe ku Arctic.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo kwa kadzidzi pachisanu
Nyengo yokwatirana m'makadzidzi imatsagana ndi chibwenzi chovuta. Pali mitundu iwiri ya akadzidzi yomwe imakhala yokhulupirika kwa wina ndi mzake kwa nthawi yayitali. Mabanja ena amatha msanga nthawi yobereka.
Mbalame yoyera mbalame amatenga dzira loyambirira. Anapiye ake sanabadwe nthawi yomweyo. Nthawi pakati pa mawonekedwe ake imakhala pafupifupi masiku 1-3. Chifukwa chake, zikopa zamitundu yosiyanasiyana nthawi zambiri zimapezeka muzisa za kadzidzi.
Malinga ndi malamulo achilengedwe, anapiye akuluakulu amalandira chakudya chochuluka kwambiri kuposa omwe amaswera pambuyo pawo. Nthawi zina, pakasowa chakudya, kadzidzi amadyetsa ana ake akulu kadzidzi, amamvetsetsa kuti ali ndi mwayi wopulumuka.
Chithunzi ndi chisa cha kadzidzi woyera
Kuyika mazira kwa kadzidzi kumapangidwa kuti mbalame zazing'ono ziziuluka koyamba kukasaka ngakhale munthawi yamchere. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa nyama zodyerazi, achichepere achichepere amapeza mosavuta luso la alenje.
Nthawi yophunzitsira kusaka ana amphaka, mbalame zokhwima zimakhetsa malaya awo aubweya, omwe panthawi yomwe amakuliramo amapeza mawonekedwe owoneka pang'ono. M'nyengo yovuta ya tundra, ndikofunikira kuti kadzidzi ku polar akhale ndi nthenga zabwino, zapamwamba kwambiri.
Pakubwera nyengo yozizira yophukira, pamene masiku akufupika, ndipo ndimu zikubisala m'malo awo, akadzidzi achikulire amatumiza ana awo okulirapo kukhala moyo waulere, ndipo amakhala okha. Akadzidzi achisanu amakhala mwachilengedwe kwazaka pafupifupi 9. Moyo womangidwa ndi mbalamezi ukhoza kukhala zaka 28.
Funso ndilo kadzidzi woyera m'buku lofiira kapena ayi, amakhalabe otseguka. Panali malingaliro akuti pali mbalame zambiri m'chilengedwe, koma zidapezeka kuti kulibe kadzidzi wachisanu. Chifukwa chake, posachedwa idzaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wa mbalame ndi nyama zotetezedwa.
