M'nyanja zakumpoto, mutha kupeza nyama yachilendo yotchedwa "beluga". Nyama iyi ndiyolumikizana pakati pa dolphin ndi nsomba. Maonekedwe akunja amafanana kwambiri ndi dolphin, koma kukula kwake kumafanana ndi nangumi. M'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku amatchedwa "dolphin ya kummweraยป.
Makhalidwe ndi malo okhala anamgumi a beluga
Whale Belhale (kuchokera ku Latin Delphinapterus leucas) ndi nyama yayikulu, banja la narwhal, subspecies - anamgumi okhala ndi mano. Dolphin imalingaliridwa chifukwa cha malo ake okhala - nyanja za kumpoto kwa Ocean Ocean ndi malo osungira madzi akumawala.
Kufalitsa ndi circumpolar (50-80 degrees kumpoto latitude). Belukha amakhala munyanja zotere: Bering, White, Okhotsk, nthawi zina amalowa m'nyanja ya Baltic. Nthawi yamadzi osefukira imatha kufikira mitsinje: Ob, Yenisei, Lena. Malinga ndi malipoti ena, pali anthu osiyana a nangumi wa beluga mkati mwa Mtsinje wa St. Lawrence.
Ndi yayikulu kukula: yamphongo imatha kutalika mamita 6, chachikazi - mpaka 5 mita. Kulemera kwa thupi kumayambira 1.5 mpaka 2 matani. Mbali yapadera ya beluga dolphin ndiye mutu wake, womwe suulola kuti usokonezeke ndi wina aliyense.
Amathanso kutembenuza mutu, zomwe sizofanana ndi anamgumi. Izi zimathandizidwa ndi ma kervical vertebrae. Zipsepse pachifuwa ndizowulungika, zochepa. Anangumi a Beluga, mosiyana ndi ma dolphin, alibe chimaliziro kumbuyo kwawo, ndichifukwa chake amatchedwanso "dolphins opanda mapiko".
Mtundu dolphin beluga zimasiyanasiyana ndipo zimadalira kuyanjana kwakale. Ana obadwa okha ndiamtambo komanso wamtambo wabuluu. Anthu omwe afika chaka chimodzi amatuluka, amakhala ndi imvi kapena imvi. Nthawi zina mtunduwo umasinthira mtundu wabuluu wobisika. Oimira anthu azaka zapakati pa 3-5 ndi oyera.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa namgumi wa beluga
Belugas amakonda kusonkhana m'magulu. Magulu adakonzedwa pafupifupi chonchi: wamkazi wokhala ndi ana kapena amuna angapo. Njira yamoyo ndikusunthika kwadongosolo nyengo.
M'nyengo yozizira, amayesetsa kukhala m'mphepete mwa madzi oundana. Nthawi zambiri m'nyengo yozizira, gulu la nkhosa anamgumi beluga omangidwa ndi ayezi wakuda ndipo kwa ambiri amatha momvetsa chisoni. Magulu nthawi zambiri amasamukira kumwera pomwe zokutira zimakhala ndi ayezi wokulirapo.
M'chaka, ziweto zimayenda pang'onopang'ono kupita kumadzi osaya, kumalo osungira madzi, m'mphepete mwa nyanja, mumtsinje. Khalidweli limachitika chifukwa cha molt yapachaka. Amang'amba mizere yakumtunda ndikutsutsana ndimiyala kapena mabanki olimba.
Kusamuka nthawi zonse kumachitika m'njira imodzi. Chowonadi ndi chakuti beluga dolphin amakumbukira komwe adabadwira ndipo amayesetsa kubwerera kumeneko chaka chilichonse. Beluga amatha kuonedwa ngati cholengedwa chokwanira pagulu. Chifukwa adakhazikitsa kulumikizana: mothandizidwa ndi mawu, mawonekedwe amthupi ndi nkhope.
Asayansi awerengera phokoso losiyanasiyana pafupifupi 50 lomwe nyamayi imatha kupanga. Oyendetsa sitima akuyitana nsomba beluga "Ngalande za m'nyanja." Khalidwe la nyama ndilabwino, izi zikufotokozera kufanana kwake kwakukulu ndi dolphin. Yabwino kwambiri pamaphunziro, nthawi zambiri mumatha kuwona zisudzo zosangalatsa ndikuchita nawo. Pali zochitika zodziwika za chipulumutso chaumunthu dolphin ya kummwera.
Chakudya cha whale
Belukha nyamakazi amadyetsa makamaka nsomba. Kudya sikuchitika pogwira nyama, koma poyamwa limodzi ndi madzi. Wamkulu, pafupifupi, amadya mpaka makilogalamu 15 a nsomba patsiku.
Amadyetsa kangapo nkhanu ndi nkhanu. Amakonda oimira nsomba kwambiri, ali wokonzeka kusamukira pambuyo pawo kudzera m'makilomita masauzande ambiri. Chifukwa cha izi, nthawi zambiri amasambira mumitsinje yakuya komanso malo akulu.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo wa anamgumi a beluga
Nthawi yachisangalalo chachikondi ya belugas imayamba mchaka cha chilimwe. Kuti achite izi, amasankha magombe ocheperako. Apa amakwatirana ndipo ana amawonekera. Amuna nthawi zambiri amalimbana ndi ulemu kuti azisamalira akazi. Kukula msinkhu kwa amuna kumachitika ali ndi zaka 7-9, ndipo mwa akazi - zaka 4-7.
Mkazi dolphin beluga beluga chimabala mwana kwa miyezi 14. Kuwonjezeraku kumachitika kamodzi zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu zilizonse. Mkazi amaberekera m'madzi ofunda, pafupi ndi gombe.
Amadyetsa mwana mkaka kwa miyezi 12-24. Pobadwa, mwanayo amafika pafupifupi mita 1.5. Mapasa ndi osowa. Anangumi a Beluga amasiya kubereka atakwanitsa zaka makumi awiri. Avereji ya zaka zomwe nyama yoyamwitsa imafikira ndizaka 30 mpaka 40. Ubwino waukulu wa namgumi wa beluga ndi kukongoletsa kwake modabwitsa.
Liwiro mwachizolowezi wamkulu kufika 3-9 km / h, pamene mantha - mpaka 22 km / h. Kutha kukhalabe omizidwa popanda mpweya kwa mphindi pafupifupi 15. Mphindi imodzi ndi theka iliyonse amatuluka mwaluso kuti apume.
Kuwona kwa anamgumi a beluga ndikotsika, chifukwa chake amalandila za zinthu zapafupi zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito malo okhala. Amatulutsa ma ultrasound (pali ma thumba apadera a mpweya). Gawo lina laubongo limawerenga zonse zokhudzana ndi zinthu zapafupi. Izi zimakhudza mandala omveka pamphumi.
Nthawi yowopsa kwambiri ya dolphin ya kummwera - ino ndi nyengo yachisanu. Kuphatikiza pa kuti magulu amatha kugwa mu ayezi, ali ndi adani achilengedwe. Choopsa kwambiri ndi nsomba yakupha. Zimakhala zovuta kumubisalira ndipo nthawi zambiri zomwe amachita zimalephera. Chifukwa chake, anamgumi a beluga amayesa kusambira kutali kunyanja.
Nyama ina yoopsa yomwe imakonda kudya anamgumi a beluga ndi chimbalangondo chakumpoto. Pakati pa nyengo yozizira ya nyama zoyamwitsa, amaziyang'anira pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwa madzi ndikulepheretsa nyamayo kugunda mwamphamvu.
Posachedwa, chinthu china choyipa chawonekera chomwe chimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa nyama izi - chilengedwe. Zinyalala zambiri za poizoni zimaponyedwa m'madzi am'nyanja, ndikupangitsa ziweto zawo kusamukira kumalo ozizira kwambiri. Ndiwo omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala msampha wa anthu ambiri; namgumi wa beluga amangomizidwa m'nyanja.
Nsomba ya Beluga - wokondedwa ndi omvera m'madzi akuluakulu. Nyamayo imalumikizana, imalola ndipo imalola kujambulidwa. Amadzimva bwino mu ukapolo ndipo ndi woyandikana naye kwambiri anthu ena okhala ku aquarium.
Nthawi zambiri mumatha kuwona mabelugas akuchita masewera aja, amachita ntchito yabwino kwambiri ndi ntchito, ndiosavuta kuphunzitsa. Yatsani chithunzi cha beluga amakhala ngati chipale chofewa, ngati angelo akutsikira m'madzi.
