Zinyama za Arctic yolimba
Nyanja ya Arctic yowuma yosatha ili kupitirira Arctic Circle. Ili ndi dziko lamapululu okutidwa ndi chipale chofewa, mphepo yozizira komanso madzi oundana. Mvula imakhala yosowa pano, ndipo kunyezimira kwa dzuwa sikulowa mumdima wakumadzulo kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Ndi nyama ziti zomwe zimakhala ku Arctic? Sizovuta kulingalira kuti zamoyo zomwe zilipo ziyenera kukhala zotani, zomwe zimakakamizika kukhala nthawi yozizira kwambiri pakati pa chipale chofewa ndi madzi oundana otentha ndi kuzizira.
Koma, ngakhale zinthu zili zovuta, pafupifupi magawo khumi ndi awiri a mitundu amakhala m'malo amenewa nyama zakunyanja (pa chithunzi mutha kukhala otsimikiza zakusiyanasiyana kwawo). Mumdima wosatha, owunikiridwa ndi magetsi akumpoto okha, ayenera kukhala ndi moyo ndi kudzipezera chakudya, kumenyera ola lililonse kuti akhale ndi moyo.
Zamoyo zamapiko zimakhala ndi nthawi yosavuta m'malo owopsawa. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo achilengedwe, ali ndi mwayi wopulumuka. Ndicho chifukwa chake mitundu yoposa zana ya mbalame imakhala m'dziko lakumpoto koopsa.
Ambiri mwa iwo amasamukira kudziko lina, kusiya malo osakhalitsa osawoneka bwino atangoyamba kumene kuzizira kwambiri. Ndi kuyamba kwamasiku amasiku, amabweranso kuti adzagwiritse ntchito mphatso zaku arctic.
M'miyezi yotentha, chakudya chimakhala chokwanira kuseri kwa Arctic Circle, ndikuwunikira nthawi yayitali - chifukwa cha miyezi yayitali, isanu ndi umodzi, tsiku la polar limathandiza nyama ndi mbalame za ku Arctic pezani chakudya chomwe mukufuna.
Ngakhale chilimwe, kutentha m'derali sikukwera kwambiri kotero kuti maunyolo a chipale chofewa ndi ayezi, akugwa kwakanthawi kochepa, zidapangitsa kuti mupumule pamavuto muufumu wokutidwa ndi chipale chofewa, kupatula kwakanthawi kochepa, mwezi ndi theka, osatinso. Ndi nyengo yozizira yokha ndi mitsinje ya Atlantic yomwe imabweretsa kutentha kudera lino, kutentha, kumwalira chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa madzi oundana, madzi akumwera chakumadzulo.
Pachithunzicho, nyama za ku Arctic
Komabe, chilengedwe chasamalira kuthekera kotentha, kusowa komwe kumamveka ngakhale nthawi yachilimwe, komanso chuma chake chokwanira m'zinthu zamoyo: nyama zimakhala ndi ubweya utali wokutali, mbalame - nthenga zoyenera nyengo.
Ambiri mwa iwo amakhala ndi mafuta ofunikira omwe amafunikira kwambiri. Kwa nyama zambiri zazikulu, misa yochititsa chidwi imathandizira kuti pakhale kutentha koyenera.
Ena mwa oimira nyama zakutali ku North amadziwika ndi makutu ndi miyendo yawo yaying'ono, chifukwa kapangidwe kameneka kumawapangitsa kuti asamaundane, zomwe zimathandizira kwambiri zamoyo ku Arctic.
Ndipo mbalame, pachifukwa chomwechi, zili ndi milomo yaying'ono. Mtundu wa zolengedwa zomwe zafotokozedwazo, monga lamulo, ndi zoyera kapena zowala, zomwe zimathandizanso zamoyo zosiyanasiyana kuti zizitha kusintha komanso kukhala zosawoneka m'chipale chofewa.
Izi ndizo nyama zaku Arctic... Ndizosadabwitsa kuti mitundu yambiri ya nyama zakumpoto, polimbana ndi zovuta za nyengo yovuta komanso nyengo zoyipa, zimalumikizana, zomwe zimawathandiza kuthana ndi zovuta ndikupewa zoopsa. Ndipo zinthu zamoyozi ndiumboni wina wazipangizo zanzeru zazinthu zambiri.
Chimbalangondo chakumtunda
Kufotokozera kwa nyama ku Arctic muyenera kuyamba ndi cholengedwa chomwechi - nthumwi yowala bwino yazinyama za Far North. Ndi nyama yayikulu, yachiwiri kukula pakati pa zinyama zomwe zikukhala padziko lapansi, koma chisindikizo cha njovu zokha.
Amuna achibale apafupi kwambiri a zimbalangondo zofiirira nthawi zina amafika mpaka makilogalamu 440. Izi ndi nyama zowopsa zomwe siziwopa chisanu chifukwa chovala chovala chabwino cha ubweya, choyera m'nyengo yozizira komanso chachikasu m'miyezi yotentha.
Amasambira mokongola, samazembera pa ayezi chifukwa cha ubweya wapansi, ndikuyenda, ndikumayandama pamapazi oundana. Zimbalangondo zakumtunda zakhala ngwazi za nthano zambiri zokongola Nyama zaku Arctic kwa ana.
Mphalapala
Wokhala wamba wamba wa tundra yokutidwa ndi chipale chofewa. Pali nswala zakutchire, koma zina mwazo zimasungidwa ndi anthu akumpoto. Kutalika kwa mulingo wawo ndi pafupifupi mita ziwiri, ndipo kutalika pakufota kumangopitilira mita.
Mphalapala zimakutidwa ndi ubweya, womwe umasintha mtundu wake kuchokera kuimvi kupita ku bulauni, kutengera nyengo. Ali ndi nyanga za nthambi, ndipo maso awo amawoneka achikaso mumdima wa usiku wakumadzulo. Reindeer ndi ngwazi ina yanthano zodziwika bwino za nyama za ku Arctic.
Mphalapala pachithunzichi
Partridge yoyera
Mapuloteni amayesetsa kukhala pafupi ndi ziweto. Umu ndi m'mene mbalamezi zimapezera chakudya. Nyama zang'ombe zikung'amba chipale chofewa ndi ziboda zawo posaka njereza, zimamasula nthaka pachikuto cha chipale chofewa, kwinaku zikutsegula mwayi wopeza chakudya kwa anzawo.
Partridge wakumpoto ndi mbalame yotchuka, kukongola kwenikweni m'dera lamadzi oundana. Pakati pa nyengo yozizira kwambiri, imakhala yoyera kwambiri, ndipo ndi mchira wokha womwe umadziwika ndi utoto wakuda.
Kujambula ndi ptarmigan
Sindikiza
Ndi nyamayi, yochepera mamita awiri ndikulemera mpaka 65 kg. Zilombozi zimakhala makamaka m'malo akuya kwambiri, komwe kuli nsomba zokwanira, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimadya.
Izi ndizochuluka kwambiri nyama zakunyanjaomwe amakonda kukhala okha ndipo nthawi zambiri samachoka kwawo. Amakumba malo awo ataliatali kuchokera ku chisanu ndi alendo osayitanidwa mkati mwa chipale chofewa, ndikupanga mabowo akunja kuti athe kuthawa ndikupuma. Zidindo za ana, zokutidwa ndi ubweya woyera, zimabadwa pa ayezi.
Nyalugwe wam'nyanja
Nyama yoopsa yozizira ya banja lachisindikizo. Amakonda kukhala payekha, ndichifukwa chake zisindikizo za kambuku zikuwoneka kuti ndizochepa. Komabe, asayansi amakhulupirira kuti anthu awo akuyerekezedwa ngati theka la miliyoni.
Nyama ili ndi thupi la njoka, lokhala ndi mano akuthwa, koma imawoneka yokongola, ngakhale kunja kwake imasiyana kwambiri ndi omwe akuimira banja lake.
Mu chithunzi cha kambuku chisindikizo
Walrus
Wokulirapo wokhala ku pinniped wokhala ku Arctic, wokhala ndi kukula kopitilira 5 m ndikufika pakulemera pafupifupi matani imodzi ndi theka. Ma walrus mwachilengedwe amakhala ndi mikwingwirima yolemera pafupifupi mita imodzi, yomwe amatha kuthamangitsa ngakhale nyama yoopsa kwambiri - chimbalangondo chakumpoto, chomwe chimakonda kusasaka nyama ngati imeneyi, sichimakonda kwenikweni.
Walrus ali ndi chigaza cholimba ndi msana, khungu lakuda. Mothandizidwa ndi minyanga yawo yakuthwa, amang'amba nthaka yamatope, ndikupeza mollusks pamenepo - chakudya chawo chachikulu. Ichi ndi cholengedwa chodabwitsa, monga ambiri nyama zakunyanja, mkati Buku Lofiira Zolemba monga zosowa.
Polar Wolf
Amapezeka m'makona onse a Far North, koma amakhala kumtunda kokha, osakonda kupita kukayenda panja. Kunja, nyamayi imawoneka ngati galu wamkulu (wolemera makilogalamu oposa 77) wokhala ndi makutu akuthwa ndi mchira wofewa, nthawi zambiri ukagwera.
Mtundu wa ubweya wakuda wosanjikiza wawiri ndi wopepuka. Mimbulu ya kum'mwera ndi yamphongo ndipo imatha kudya pafupifupi mitundu yonse yazakudya, koma imatha kukhala popanda chakudya kwa sabata lathunthu.
Polar Wolf
Chimbalangondo
Amadziwika kuti ndi m'bale wachizungu, koma ali ndi thupi lokhalitsa, lomangika kwambiri; wamphamvu, wandiweyani, koma wamfupi miyendo ndi mapazi otambalala, kumamuthandiza poyenda chisanu ndikusambira.
Zovala za chimbalangondo kumadera akutali ndi ubweya wautali, wandiweyani komanso wonyezimira, womwe ndi wachikasu wamkaka, nthawi zina ngakhale woyera ngati chipale. Kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi makilogalamu mazana asanu ndi awiri.
chimbalangondo
Ng'ombe ya musk
Nyama zimakhala ku Arctic ndi mizu yakale kwambiri. Munthu wakaleyu adasaka ng'ombe zamtundu, ndipo mafupa, nyanga, zikopa ndi nyama za nyama izi zidathandizira kwambiri makolo am'banja lamasiku ano pamavuto awo.
Amuna amatha kulemera mpaka 650 kg. Oimira akulu kwambiri amtunduwu amakhala kumadzulo kwa Greenland. Ziboda zokongola zozungulira zimathandiza ng'ombe zamphongo kuyenda pamiyala ndi ayezi, kuti zigwe matalala ambiri posaka chakudya.
Komanso mu izi amathandizidwa ndi kafungo kabwino. Amuna amakongoletsedwa ndi nyanga. Chida choopsa choterechi chimawathandiza kudziteteza ku zimbalangondo, mimbulu ndi mimbulu.
Nkhosa zazikulu
Amakhala ku Chukotka, ali ndi mamangidwe olimba, nyanga zochititsa chidwi, tsitsi lakuda bulauni-bulauni, mutu wokongola komanso wonyezimira. Zilombozi zimakhala kumapiri apakati komanso m'malo amapiri m'magulu ang'onoang'ono mpaka mamembala asanu.
Chifukwa chakuchepa kwa chakudya m'nyengo yozizira komanso kuchepa kwa mphamvu zoberekera, komanso kuwonongeka kwa magulu oweta ng'ombe, nkhosazo zinali pafupi kuwonongedwa.
Kujambulidwa ndi nkhosa yayikulu
Kalulu wa Arctic
Ichi ndi kalulu wam'madzi, yemwe amasiyana ndi anzawo kukula kwake kwakukulu. Kunja, imawoneka ngati kalulu, ndipo makutu atali okhawo ndiosiyana. Kalulu wa Arctic amakhala m'mapiri a Greenland ndi kumpoto kwa Canada. Nyama zimatha kuthamanga mpaka 65 km / h.
Sungani
Amagawidwa m'malo ambiri, kuphatikiza wokhala ku taiga ndi tundra. Ndi nyama yolimba, yolusa, yodya nyama yokhala ndi thupi lokhathamira ndi mchira wofewa.
Amadyetsa chakudya cha nyama. Amalimbana molimba mtima ndi wozunzidwayo, wopitilira kukula kwake, amatha kuwedza bwino. Ermine samakumba maenje, koma amayang'ana nyumba zachilengedwe zokhalamo.
Nkhandwe ya ku Arctic
Wodya nyama wa banja la canine. Imafuula ngati galu, ili ndi mchira wautali, ndipo tsitsi limateteza zikhomo zake. Kupirira kwake kumalephera kufotokoza, chifukwa amatha kupirira chisanu cha madigiri makumi asanu, kuthawa labyrinths yovuta yomwe idakumba chisanu ndi kutuluka kambiri.
Zakudya za nkhandwe za ku Arctic zimaphatikizapo chakudya cha nyama, makamaka amadya nyama ya makoswe ndi nyama zina zazing'ono, osanyoza zovunda. M'chilimwe, amadzaza thupi ndi nkhokwe, zitsamba ndi zipatso.
Nkhandwe ya Arctic pachithunzichi
Lemming
Yemwe akuyimira banja la makoswe lomwe limakhala kuzilumba za Arctic Ocean. Thupi la lemming limakutidwa ndi ubweya wosiyanasiyana, wotuwa kapena bulauni. Ili ndi makutu amfupi ndi mchira, ndipo kutalika kwake nthawi zambiri sikupitilira 15 cm.
Pachithunzicho, nyama yoluma
Wolverine
Wachibale wolowa m'banja la weasel, adapatsidwa dzina lotchedwa chiwanda chakumpoto, msaki wowopsa wokhala ndi chilakolako chankhanza.
Pali ziwopsezo za ziweto kapena anthu, zomwe nyamazo zinavutika, chifukwa chawonongedwa. Koma nthawi yotentha, mimbulu imakonda kudya zipatso, mtedza ndi mazira a mbalame.
Narwhal
Ichi ndi nsomba kapena dolphin yayikulu ya ku Arctic, yotalika pafupifupi 6 m, yotchedwanso sea unicorn, popeza amuna amakhala ndi mkombero wautali wowongoka.
Amapezeka pagombe la Greenland ndi Alaska, komanso m'madzi akumpoto kwa Canada. Ali ndi mtundu wamawangamawanga ofiira. Thupi la narwhal limakhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino osambira.
Narwhal (Nyanja Yanyanja)
Nsomba ya Bowhead
Kukulirapo kuposa narwhal, ngakhale amadziwika kuti ndi abale ake apamtima kwambiri. Whalebone ndi lilime lochititsa chidwi zimatha kuyamwa plankton yomwe imakhazikika m'mbale zake, ngakhale nyama iyi ilibe mano.
Ichi ndi cholengedwa chakale kwambiri chopanda vuto chomwe chakhala m'madzi ozizira kwazaka zambiri. Zolengedwa zimatengedwa ngati oimira akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi, kulemera kwawo nthawi zina kumafikira pafupifupi matani 200. Amasamukira pakati pa nyanja zam'malo ozizira awiri padziko lapansi.
Mu chithunzi chamutu whale
Whale whale
Zinyama zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala m'madzi ozizira. Whale wakuda wakuda ndi woyera wakupha ndi wa kagulu ka cetacean. Amakhala mwamphamvu kwambiri, koma nthawi zambiri amasambira mpaka kunyanja. Mukamayendetsa, imatha kupanga liwiro la mbiri. Ichi ndi nyama yowopsa yam'madzi, yotchedwa "whale whale".
Ndodo ya polar
Nsomba ndi za gulu laling'ono lomwe limakhala m'madzi a m'nyanja ya Arctic. Kuthera nthawi yake yonse m'madzi ozizira, polar cod imapirira kutentha kotsika popanda mavuto.
Zamoyo zam'madzi izi zimadya nyama zam'madzi, zomwe zimakhudza chilengedwe. Amakhala ngati chakudya cha mbalame zosiyanasiyana zakumpoto, zisindikizo ndi mbalame zina.
Nsomba za polar cod
Haddock
Nsombazo ndizokwanira (mpaka 70 cm). Nthawi zambiri imalemera pafupifupi awiri, koma zimachitika kuti imafika 19 kg. Thupi la nyama yam'madziyi ndilotakata, lathyathyathya kuchokera mbali, kumbuyo kwake ndi imvi, ndipo mimba yake ndi yamkaka. Chingwe chakuda chamtundu chimayenda mozungulira thupi. Nsombazi zimakhala m'masukulu ndipo ndizofunika pamalonda.
Nsomba za Haddock
Belukha
Zimakwaniritsa bwino dziko lolemera la Arctic Ocean, lotchedwa dolphin. Kutalika kwa nyama yam'madzi ndi pafupifupi mita sikisi, kulemera kwake kumatha kufikira matani awiri kapena kupitilira apo. Ndi chilombo chachikulu chokhala ndi mano akuthwa.
Mu chithunzi beluga
Arctic cyanea
Ali ndi dzina lina: mane wa mkango, womwe umaganiziridwa pakati pa okhala m'madzi padziko lonse lapansi mwa nsomba zazikulu kwambiri. Ambulera yake imafika mpaka m'mimba mwake mpaka mita ziwiri, ndipo zoyeserera zake ndizotalika theka la mita.
Moyo wa Cyanea sukhalitsa, nyengo imodzi yokha yachilimwe. Pofika nyengo yophukira, zolengedwa izi zimafa, ndipo nthawi yachilimwe zimatuluka zatsopano, zomwe zikukula msanga. Cyanea amadyetsa nsomba zazing'ono ndi zooplankton.
Nsomba za Cyaneus
Kadzidzi Woyera
Amadziwika kuti ndi mbalame yosowa kwambiri. Mbalame zimapezeka mtundawu. Ali ndi nthenga zokongola zoyera ngati chipale chofewa, ndipo milomo yawo ili ndi timinga ting'onoting'ono tofunda.
Chiwombankhanga chili ndi adani ambiri, ndipo mbalame zotere nthawi zambiri zimakhala nyama zolusa. Amadyetsa makoswe - owononga zisa pafupipafupi, omwe ndi othandiza kwa ena okhala ndi nthenga.
Kadzidzi Woyera
Guillemot
Mbalame zam'madzi za ku Far North zimakonza madera akuluakulu, omwe amatchedwanso madera a mbalame. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka pamiyala yam'nyanja. Ma Guillemots ndi otchuka nthawi zonse m'madela amenewa.
Amayikira dzira limodzi, lomwe limakhala labuluu kapena labiriwira. Ndipo amakumbatira chuma chawo, osachoka kwa mphindi. M'mayiko ozizira kwambiri, izi ndizofunikira kwambiri. Ndipo mazira, otenthedwa bwino kuchokera kumwamba ndi thupi la mbalame, amakhalabe ozizira kwambiri kuchokera pansi.
Mu chithunzi cha mbalame guillemot
Eider
Zimapezeka m'malo onse a Arctic, zisa m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Baltic komanso kumpoto kwa England, nthawi yozizira zimauluka kum'mwera kupita kumadzi osazizira omwe ali pakatikati pa Europe.
Amphaka amateteza ana awo ku chimfine, makamaka amazula imvi yawo yofiira, ndikuthira zisa zawo. Mbalame zam'madzi zotere zimakhala pafupifupi moyo wawo wonse m'madzi am'nyanja, zikudya nkhono, nkhono ndi mamazelo.
Pachithunzicho mudyera mbalame
Polar tsekwe
Mbalameyi imatchedwanso tsekwe woyera chifukwa cha nthenga zake zokongola zoyera kwambiri, ndipo ndi nsonga zokhazokha za mapiko a mbalamezo zomwe zimaonekera ndi mikwingwirima yakuda. Amalemera pafupifupi 5 kg, ndipo zisa zawo, monga eider, zimakhala ndi zawo pansi.
Anthuwa okhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Arctic amathawa kuzizira koopsa kozizira kozizira pouluka kumwera. Atsekwe amtunduwu amadziwika kuti ndi osowa kwambiri.
Polar loyera loyera
Mbalame yakuda
Ili ndi nthenga zoyera, mapiko ake ndi akuda pang'ono, mulomo ndi wobiriwira wachikasu, miyendo ndi pinki wowala. Chakudya chachikulu cha mbalameyi ndi nsomba, koma mbalamezi zimadyanso nkhono ndi mazira a mbalame zina. Amakhala zaka pafupifupi makumi awiri.
Nyanja ya Rose
Mbalame yosalimba, yokongola, yomwe imasinthidwa kuti izikhala kumadera ovuta a Arctic, nthawi zambiri siyipitilira masentimita 35. Kumbuyo kwa ntchentche ya duwa ndi kumtunda kwa nthenga za mapiko kumakhala koyera imvi. Zimaswana m'munsi mwa mitsinje yakumpoto. Icho chinakhala chinthu chosakidwa kosaletseka chifukwa cha mthunzi woyambirira wa nthenga.
Mitengo ya Arctic
Mbalameyi ndi yotchuka chifukwa cha kutalika kwake (mpaka makilomita 30,000) komanso kutalika kwake (pafupifupi miyezi inayi) yaulendo wawo, amakhala nthawi yozizira ku Antarctica. Mbalamezi zimauluka kupita kumpoto ku Arctic kumayambiriro kwa masika, ndipo zimapanga malo akuluakulu.
Zinthu zosiyana ndi mchira wafoloko komanso chipewa chakuda kumutu. Terns amadziwika mosamala komanso mwaukali. Nthawi yawo yamoyo yoposa zaka makumi atatu.
Mitengo ya Arctic
Mwezi
Mbalame yam'nyanja ya Arctic, komwe kumakhala mbalame zam'madzi. Nyamayi imakhala ku Far North makamaka kuyambira Meyi mpaka Okutobala, pokhala mbalame zosamuka. Ili ndi kukula kwa bakha wamkulu, imamira ndi kusambira bwino kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zowopsa imalowetsa thupi lake m'madzi, ndi mutu umodzi wokha womwe umatsalira panja.
Kujambulidwa ndi mbalame yolemekezeka
Tsekwe zakuda
M'gulu lonselo, atsekwe ndi woimira ochepa kwambiri, okhala ndi zigawo za kumpoto kwa tundra. Mapiko ake ndi kumbuyo kwake ndi zakuda bulauni; "kolala" yoyera imayima pakhosi lakuda. Mbalame zimadya ndere, ndere komanso udzu.
Tsekwe zakuda
