Makhalidwe abwino komanso malo okhala
Nyama yotchedwa "Yonyada"zokongola", Kufanana kwambiri ndi mbuzi wamba yomwe aliyense wawona ndikudziwa. Komabe, ngati mungayang'ane bwino, kusiyanako kumawoneka.
M'malo mwake, ndi mtundu womwe ndi mtanda pakati pa antelope ndi mbuzi. Kuganizira goral pachithunzichi, ndiye mutha kuwona kuti nyanga zake ndi mchira wake ndizosiyana.
Thupi la artiodactyl iyi limafika masentimita 118, ndipo limakula mpaka 75 masentimita likamauma. Imatha kulemera makilogalamu 32 mpaka 42. Ng'ombe zimakhala ndi bulauni, imvi, kapena tsitsi la ginger. Pansi pakhosi la amuna owoneka bwino pali "gulugufe" wopangidwa ndi ubweya woyera, m'munsi mwa mchira mulinso wonyezimira.
Mchira womwewo umakula mpaka masentimita 18 ndipo umakongoletsedwa ndi tsitsi lalitali, ngati tsitsi. Onse akazi ndi amuna amatama nyanga zamizeremizere yakuda. Nyanga ndizitali 13 mpaka 18 cm.
Nyamazi sizingatchulidwe kuti ndizochepa thupi, komabe, thupi lawo lolimba silimawalepheretsa kusunthira mwachangu komanso mwachangu. Kuphatikiza apo, zimakwera mosavuta kupita kumalo komwe munthu amangofikira kukwawa.
Phompho lililonse limayang'aniridwa ndi goral, nthawi zina njira za nyama izi zimadutsa pamiyala yolimba komanso yosalala, pomwe, zikuwoneka, kulibe malo oyikapo mapazi awo, koma "wokwera" uyu amagwiritsa ntchito kabowo kakang'ono, kaphokoso kakang'ono kuti akafike pamwamba.
Pamiyalayi, nyama zimasunthira pafupi ndi khoma la miyala, lomwe limakwera pafupifupi mozungulira. Kuchokera apa, mbali zonse za goral nthawi zambiri zimafafanizidwa.
Koma mu chipale chofewa kwambiri, uyu amathamangira ngakhale pamalo athyathyathya samadziona kuti ndi wotetezeka. Apa ali wofooka, komanso wosatetezeka - galu aliyense amatha kumugwira. Goral amakhala ku Russia, adakhazikika ku Burma, ku Peninsula ya Korea, ku China.
Amakhalanso omasuka kumadera oyandikana ndi pakamwa pa Amur, pamtunda wa Bureinsky. Mosakhalitsa adaphunzira ndikukhala m'dera la Sikhote-Alin.
Mitundu yamiyala
Gulu lanyama lili ndi mitundu 4 yokha:
- alireza
- Chitibeta
- Kum'maŵa
- Amur
Himalayan goral... Mphepete mwa Himalayan ndi mtundu wokulirapo, kutalika kwake kufota kumafikira anthu ena masentimita 70. Nyama iyi yokhala ndi miyendo yolimba, yolimba, yokutidwa ndi ubweya wonyezimira, ili ndi malaya amkati olemera kwambiri. Amuna amakhalanso ndi lokwera kumbuyo kwawo.
Himalaya, nawonso, ali ndi subspecies awiri - bulauni ndi imvi goral. Chovala chofiiracho chili ndi malaya ofiira ofiira, ndipo bulauni imawoneka mosiyanasiyana.
Himalayan goral
Gulu lachi Tibetan... Mtundu wosowa kwambiri, wokhala pangozi. Izi sizabwino kwambiri, kutalika kwa kufota kwazimayi kumangofika masentimita 60 okha, ndipo kulemera kwake sikupitilira 30 kg. Ndiyenera kunena kuti mumtundu uwu, akazi ndi akulu kuposa amuna. Amuna alibe chilombo, koma nyanga zake ndizopindika.
Nyamazi zili ndi zovala zokongola kwambiri - zimakutidwa ndi tsitsi lofiirira, kumbuyo kuli kofiira, koma mimba, chifuwa ndi mmero ndizopepuka. Achinyamata, kuphatikiza apo, amakongoletsedwanso ndi malo oyera pamphumi. Komabe, popita nthawi, "kukongola" uku kumazimiririka.
Gulu lachi Tibetan
Goral lakummawa... Ambiri mwa mitundu yonse amafanana ndi mbuzi. Ndi wamphamvu kwambiri, malaya ake ndi otuwa, ndipo pamsana pake pali mikwingwirima yakuda. Pakhosi, malaya ndi opepuka. Mitunduyi ndi yosangalatsa chifukwa cha nyanga zake - ndi zazifupi komanso zopindika.
Mu chithunzi goral kummawa
Amur goral olembedwa mu Red Book. Kutalika kwa kufota kumafikira masentimita 80, ndipo kulemera kwake kumafikira 50 kg. Ali ndi malaya abuluu kapena otuwa. Ndi chojambulidwa bwino kwambiri - pali malo oyera pachifuwa, milomo imaphatikizidwanso "yoyera, pansi pamchira pali mtundu woyera ndipo palinso" masokosi "oyera.
Mu chithunzi Amur goral
Makhalidwe ndi moyo wa Goral
Moyo wazinyama zamitundumitundu ndizosiyana. Ma goral a Himalayan amasonkhana pamodzi, omwe amatha kukhala ndi anthu 12. Komanso, nyama iliyonse ya ziweto imagwirizana. Zowona, pamene mamuna atha msinkhu, amasankha kukhala yekha.
Sakonda kuwala, dzuwa, ntchito yake imachitika m'mawa kapena madzulo. Komabe, ngati tsikulo kuli mitambo kapena kukuzizira, goral silikhalanso chete.
Koma nthawi ya dzuwa silimasuntha. Amasankha malo osangalatsa kuti apumule, abodza, ndipo, pafupifupi, amalumikizana ndi masamba ozungulira. Ndizovuta kwambiri kuzizindikira. Ankhandwe a ku Tiberiya amakonda kukhala okha. Amathanso kusonkhana m'magulu, koma chiwerengerocho ndi chochepa kwambiri.
Nyama izi ndizoyenda. Sangakhale pamalo amodzi nthawi zonse. Amasintha malo awo nyengo iliyonse. M'nyengo yotentha, nyama izi zimakopeka ndi malo obiriwira obiriwira, omwe amapezeka m'malo apamwamba, ndipo nthawi yachisanu ikayamba amapita pansi pamunsi mwa chisanu.
Ng'ombe za Kum'mawa ndizokwera kwenikweni. Pangozi pang'ono, amatha kunyamuka ndi kukwera miyala yotere, pomwe sizingafikire nyama zina. Amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono (mitu 4-6), okalamba amachoka ndikukhala mosiyana.
M'chilimwe, akazi ndi ana amakhala mosiyana. Amur goral nawonso, nthawi zambiri, amakhala okha, ngakhale kulinso magulu ang'onoang'ono. Ngati ngozi ikuyandikira, imalowa m'miyala, momwe imadzimva kuti yatetezedwa.
Amakonda moyo wongokhala. Nyamazi sizingadziteteze ndi mano, ndipo nyanga zake sizitali. Amadziteteza kwa adani ndi phokoso lalikulu, koma ngati izi sizithandiza, amatengeredwa kumiyala ndikudumphadumpha.
Sasinthidwa kuti azithamanga kwakanthawi - alibe miyendo yayitali, ndipo thupi lawo silowala. Koma atha kudumpha mpaka 3 mita. A Gorals ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu pachipale chofewa, chifukwa chake amapewa chipale chofewa, ngati gawo lake limapitilira 25 cm.
Sakuwonetsa chiwawa pakati pa amitundu anzawo. Osatengera izi, nyamazi nthawi zonse zimachenjezana za zoopsa (zimatulutsa hiss), amuna amapeza chakudya ndikuyitanitsa mamembala ena mgululi kuti adzadye nawo.
Nthawi zambiri gulu limodzi la anyani limakumana ndi gulu lina, koma osafotokozera zaubwenziwo. Zowona, panthawi yamphongo, amuna amakonza ndewu, koma uku ndi mwambo osati kufunitsitsa kupha mdani.
Chakudya
M'chilimwe, chakudya cha nyama izi chimakhala cholemera komanso chosiyanasiyana. Zomera zilizonse zimadyedwa. Udzu, maluwa, masamba a zitsamba, mitengo, zipatso za mitengo zomwe mungathe kungofikira - zonsezi zimaphatikizidwa pazakudya.
M'nyengo yozizira, tebulo ndilocheperako, komabe, ndipo panthawiyi palibe chifukwa chanjala. Nthambi zoonda za mitengo, zitsamba, mphukira za mitengo yodula - izi zimayenera kudyetsedwa nthawi yozizira. A Gorals samakonda singano kwambiri, koma amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati palibe kuchitira mwina. Ziphuphu ndi bowa ndizoyeneranso.
Nyamazi zimakhala m'malo momwe zomera zimapatsa, nthawi yachilimwe komanso chisanu. Kuphatikiza apo, m'nyengo yozizira, nyama zimakonda kukhala pafupi ndi matanthwe, chipale chofewa, mphepo imachotsa chisanu, ndipo masamba amakhalabe pamtunda.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Mchitidwewu umachitika mu Seputembara - Novembala. Panthawiyi, anyaniwa amakhala awiriawiri. Ana amabadwa mu Meyi-Juni. Mayi m'modzi amabereka mwana m'modzi yekha, makamaka kawiri.
Mkazi amakonzekera kubereka bwino. Amasankha malo omwe ali pafupi ndi malo odyetserako ziweto abwino, pafupi ndi malo othiririra, ndipo nyama zina sizitha kufikako - m'mapanga kapena m'matanthwe.
Anawo akabadwa, mayi samachoka pamalowo kwa tsiku limodzi, koma tsiku lachiwiri ana amatha kumangotsatira amayi awo, ndipo wamkazi yemwe ali ndi anawo amachoka pogona.
Timbuzi tating'onoting'ono timalumpha pamiyala pambuyo pa amayi awo, kutsanzira mayendedwe awo, kudziwa dziko lomwe lawazungulira ndikuyesera kupeza chakudya. Komabe, nthawi yonseyi mkazi amadyetsa anawo mkaka, ndipo kudyetsa kumeneku kumapitilira mpaka kugwa.
Ngakhale mwana atakula, amayesetsabe kuyamwa mayi - amagwada pansi ndikukwawa pansi pamimba, koma mayiyo samayimirira pamwambo ndi achinyamata, amangoyenda pang'ono.
Ma goror achichepere amakhala pafupi ndi amayi awo mpaka masika. Ndipo amatha msinkhu pofika zaka ziwiri zokha. Moyo wamakhalidwe kuthengo ndi wamfupi kwambiri. Amuna amangokhala zaka 5-6. Akazi amakhala motalikirapo - mpaka zaka 8-10. Koma m'malo opangidwa mwaluso, moyo wa nyama izi umakulirakulira zaka 18.
Goral cub pachithunzichi
Goral Alonda
Nyama zopanda thandizo komanso zonyengerera zimakhala ndi adani ambiri, ndipo chitetezo chawo ndi chofooka kwambiri. Mwachilengedwe, amawerengedwa kuti ndi nyama yosavuta ya mapaketi a mimbulu, ziwombankhanga, akambuku, ziphuphu.
Koma chinthu choyipitsitsa ndi munthu. Sikuti malo okhala anyaniwa amangocheperachepera chifukwa chakumanga kosalekeza komanso chitukuko cha nthaka, koma munthu amasaka nyama imeneyi.
Anthu aku China ndi aku Tibet amaganiza kuti decoction yopangidwa ndi nyama yakufa yonse kuti ichiritse, Udege adagwiritsa ntchito magazi ndi nyanga, pomwe anthu ena amangopha mbuzi izi chifukwa cha nyama yokoma ndi ubweya wofunda.
Zotsatira zake, mitundu yonse yamtunduwu idalembedwa mu Red Book, kuchuluka kwawo kumadziwika ndipo kumatetezedwa. Zosungidwa zikupangidwa, momwe muli gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a nyama zonse. Ntchito ili mkati mozungulira (Lazovsky Reserve).
