Stingrays alidi wapadera okhala kwambiri. Imodzi mwa nsomba zakale kwambiri padziko lapansi, yomwe idakhalako, yomwe idasintha kwambiri zakunja. Ali ndi zosiyana zambiri kuchokera kwa anthu ena okhala m'nyanja yakuya. Nsomba zodabwitsazi zimapezeka m'malo ambiri padziko lapansi, kuyambira kumayiko otentha mpaka kumadzi apafupi ndi kozizira, m'malo osaya komanso ozama kupitirira mamita 2700.
Kufotokozera kwa ma stingray
Stingrays ndi mtundu wa chordate cartilaginous fish wokhala ndi thupi lathyathyathya ndi zipsepse zam'mbali zooneka ngati mapiko, zosakanikirana ndi thupi ndi mutu. Thupi lonse la nsombayi likuyimiridwa ndi ndege imodzi. Pali mazana a mitundu ya stingray. Zilipo pafupifupi 340. Mwa dongosolo ndi kapangidwe kake, ali pafupi ndi nyama yolusa - shaki.
Maonekedwe
Thupi lonse la nsomba za stingray limakhala ndi mawonekedwe amodzi a diamondi... Ili ndi zipsepse zazikulu zazikazi zomwe zimayambira pafupifupi pakamwa mpaka pansi pa mchira wake wocheperako. Mitundu ina imadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa mphuno yakuthwa, mawonekedwe ake omwe amapereka malo a rostral cartilage. Mtundu wa stingray ukhoza kukhala wosasintha kapena wosiyana ndi mtundu winawake. Amayambira pakumveka koyera mpaka kofiirira, imvi, mdima komanso mitundu yonse yamawangamawanga kapena yopangidwe. Pa thupi la stingray, mitundu yowala yosiyanitsa imatha kuphatikizidwa, kapena utoto umatanthauza umodzi wathunthu ndi chilengedwe kuti ubise kumunsi kwenikweni.
Ndizosangalatsa!Mtundu wa nyamawo umadalira gawo lomwe limakhala.
Ambiri amakhala ndi mapiko onunkhira kapena owoneka bwino kumtunda kwa thupi. Mitundu ina imadzitama ndi mchira wokhoza kutulutsa magesi ofooka. Ma stingray wamba (Rajidae), omwe amapezeka ambiri padziko lapansi, ali ndi zipsepse ziwiri zakuthambo kumchira. Ma stingray amtundu wa Arynchobatidae amakhala nawo, pomwe Anacanthobatidae alibe. Kukamwa ndi kutseguka kwa gill mumitundu yonse popanda kusiyanasiyana zili kumapeto kwa thupi. Komanso, mitundu yonse imagwirizanitsidwa ndi njira yoberekera, nthawi zambiri amaikira mazira, omwe nthawi zambiri amapezeka pagombe, oblong komanso otetezedwa ndi mabokosi achikopa.
Kapangidwe kachilendo ka thupi la stingray kudapangitsa kuti kutseguka kwake kwakukulu ndi ziwalo zakunja zisunthike kumtunda wapansi. Mu gawo ili la thupi pali pakamwa ponse pali mabowo m'mbali. Mwamaonekedwe, amafanana ndi maso okongola a nyama. Komabe, sichoncho. Madonthowa amakhala osunthika. Ndi chifukwa cha mabowo omwe stingray amatha kupumira, kuthira madzi m'menemo kuti alowenso m'mitsempha. Maso omwewo ali pamtunda wapamwamba wamthupi. Kukula kwawo kumasiyana pakati pa akulu mpaka ang'ono ndi osawoneka kwathunthu akabisala mu khola la khungu, mwachitsanzo, ngati cheza chakhungu.
Yankho losazolowereka la kapangidwe ka stingray lidakakamizidwa kuchotsa ziwalo zosambira za nyama. Chimbudzi chakumapeto chimachepa, pomwe oyendetsa ndege apanga ndege imodzi yayikulu ndi thupi, ngati mapiko a mbalame. Kuyenda kwawo kumafanananso ndi njira yomwe mbalame zimauluka. Njira yolumikizira nthawi yomweyo imawakweza, kenako ndikuwatsitsa pang'onopang'ono. Ndichinthu ichi chomwe chimapatsa stingray kuyenda bwino kwambiri, komanso kuthekera kosuntha mwachangu ndikudumpha kuchokera m'madzi kutalika kwa mita zingapo.
Ndizosangalatsa!Tiyenera kudziwa kuti si mitundu yonse yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito zipsepse za pectoral. Ena stingray kusuntha ntchito kayendedwe minofu mchira. Mwanjira imeneyi, nsomba zokhala ndi zipsepse zazing'ono zosakhazikika zimakakamizidwa kusuntha.
Komanso, kutengera mitundu ndi malo okhala, makulidwe a ma stingray nawonso amasiyana. Oimira ang'onoang'ono okhala m'nyanja ataliatali amafika kutalika masentimita 15 okha. Dzina lake ndi ray yamagetsi yaku India. Woimira wamkulu kwambiri ndi satana wam'nyanja, amakhalanso kuwala kwa manta. Nyama iyi imafikira kukula kwa 6 mpaka 7 mita, ikulemera pafupifupi matani awiri ndi theka. Nsomba zoterezi zimatha kupatutsa bwato losodzera. Ngakhale pakokha izi, ngakhale zili zazikulu modabwitsa, sizikuwonetsa kuwukira anthu.
Koma izi sizinamulepheretse m'masiku akale kukhala woyambitsa mantha omwe oyendetsa amalinyero adalumphira m'madzi. Mchira wake wautali, wonga chikwapu ndi thupi lake lalikululo, pokonzekera kugwera m'madzi, idatulutsa phokoso la mfuti, yomwe sakanakhoza koma kuwopa oyendetsa sitima osazindikira.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Ma stingray ndi nyama zodziwika bwino padziko lonse lapansi.... Amapezeka kumadera akutali komanso kumadera otentha. Ena a iwo amasamukira chaka chilichonse pamtunda wautali, pomwe ena amasinthana. Ena samasiya madzi ofunda, ena amakakamira amakonda kuyendayenda m'mitsinje yozizira. Ngakhale kuti izi ndi nyama zokhazokha, zimatha kupezeka pamisonkhano yayikulu.
Amakhalanso ozama mosiyanasiyana. Mbalameyi imatha kukhala pamtunda wa mamita 2700, komanso m'madzi osaya. Kufanana kwakukulu kwa mayikidwe ndi malo okhala pansi kwambiri. Ma stingray amakonda kubowoleza zinyalala kapena mchenga pansi. Thupi lawo lathyathyathya ndiloyenera kwambiri kukhala pansi. Kwenikweni, nyamazi zimakhala munyanja zamchere ndi m'nyanja zamchere, ndipo ndi mitundu yochepa yokha yomwe ili ndi matupi amadzi abwino. Ndi ma manta okha omwe saopa kusambira kuchokera kunyanja komanso pansi. Kukula kwake kwakukulu sikupatsa chiweto chifukwa chodera nkhawa.
Ndi ma stingray angati omwe amakhala
Kutalika kwa moyo wa ma stingray kunadalira kukula kwawo. Kukula kwa nyama, kumatha kukhala ndi moyo nthawi yayitali. Avereji mitengo ndi zaka 7 mpaka 25.
Zoyipa zakugonana
Nyamazi zatchulanso zakugonana. Mwamuna amasiyana kwambiri ndi wamkazi ngakhale akadali wakhanda. Zonsezi ndi zokhudza maliseche, zomwe zimapezeka m'makona azipsepse zam'chiuno. Ali akhanda, amaimiridwa ndi ma tubercles ang'onoang'ono, osadziwika, pofika nthawi yakutha msinkhu, ma tubercles amatenga mawonekedwe amachubu oblong, omwe amafikira masentimita angapo mwa anthu wamba.
Mitundu ya ma stingray
Asayansi amasiyanitsa pakati pa malamulo awa a stingray, kuphatikizapo magetsi, stingray, sawtooth ndi stingray. Mitundu imaphatikizapo mayina monga stingray, bracken, gnus, gitala, mitundu 7 ya macheka ndi ma daffodils.
Zakudya za ma stingray
Ma stingray ndi nyama zolusa mwachilengedwe. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake, ndi oimira ang'onoang'ono okha amtunduwu omwe amakakamizidwa kudyetsa plankton, tizinyama tating'onoting'ono, octopus ndi nyongolotsi. Ma stingray ena onse amasaka nyama. Nsomba zazikuluzikulu zimatha kugwidwa ndi stingray yayikulu.
Mwachitsanzo, flounder, salimoni, haddock, cod, ndi sardines. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti stingray yayikulu kwambiri ndi manta ray, mdierekezi wowopsa komanso wamkulu wam'madzi amadyetsa nsomba zazing'ono ndi plankton. Imasefa chakudya chake kudzera m'mabowo otchedwa whale shark. Ndicho chifukwa chake sichimavulaza anthu.
Ndizosangalatsa!Mitundu ina, yocheperako pang'ono imawonetsa njira zosakira zosakira, zida zomwe zidagawidwa ndi Amayi Achilengedwe. Ambiri mwa iwo amatha kudziunjikira ndikumasula magetsi mwamphamvu panthawi yoyenera.
Amakumbatira nyama yawo ndi zipsepse zawo zam'mimba ndikuiyika pamagetsi. Kwa nsomba zapakatikati, izi ndizokwanira. Ngati munthu agwera mumsampha, amamva zowawa zamphamvu kapena, poyipa kwambiri, ziwalo zazing'ono zamiyendo, zomwe zitha kupha ngati zili pansi pamadzi. Mbalame yotchedwa saw-snout stingray imakumba pansi, kuwopsyeza ndikuyendetsa nsomba zazing'ono kumtunda, pambuyo pake zimamenya mosamala ndi njira yake yayitali ngati macheka, wokutidwa ndi singano mbali zonse. Mitundu ina imatsata nyama, kenako imaboola ndi mchira wakuthwa.
Kubereka ndi ana
Ma stingray ndi nyama zosangalatsa kwambiri... Zonse zimatha kuikira mazira ndikubereka ana amoyo. Mkazi amaponya mazira pa ndere, momwe zimapangidwira kuti zigwirizane nazo. Pachifukwa ichi, pali zingwe zing'onozing'ono pachikwama cha mluza uliwonse.
Chiwerengero cha ana pa mayi aliyense chimadalira mtundu wake. Mwachitsanzo, kuwala kwa manta kumabala mwana mmodzi yekha pa nthawi imodzi, yomwe imalemera pafupifupi makilogalamu 10. Zina zimatulutsa zambiri. Paulendo umodzi woswana, nyama yayikulu imatha kuikira mazira 5 mpaka 50. Kukula kwa mazira kumasiyananso.
Ndizosangalatsa!Mitundu ya Viviparous imamera mazira m'mimbamo yofanana ndi chiberekero cha mammalian. Kudzera mwa iwo, chakudya chimaperekedwanso kwa iwo, kudzera munjira zake zapadera.
Chifukwa cha kubadwa konse, mwachangu, mwakhama komanso kotheka kubadwa. Ena a iwo amatha kukhala ndi kuthekera kokuunjikira ndalama zamagetsi.
Adani achilengedwe
Mulingo wachitetezo cha ma stingray nawonso zimatengera mtundu wawo, kapena makamaka, kukula kwawo. Ndi manta yekha, mdierekezi wam'nyanja, yekhayo amene angadzitamande chifukwa chodekha pankhaniyi. Miyeso yake yochititsa chidwi imapangitsa kuti pakhale chitetezo chokwanira pafupifupi zana. Milandu yakutha ya kuwonongedwa ndi kokha asodzi "olimba mtima", chifukwa nyama za nsombazi zimawerengedwa kuti ndi zokoma m'makasitomala ambiri padziko lapansi.
Ma stingray ena amakakamizidwa kusamalira chitetezo chawo, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amakhala ozunzidwa ndi nsombazi ndi nyama zina zazikulu zam'madzi. Ndipo nsombazi ndizotetezedwa momwe zingathere. Mitundu yamagetsi "imalimbana" ndi zomwe zatuluka pakadali pano, ma pelagic akuyembekeza kuti azitha kuyendetsa bwino komanso kuthamanga, omwe amakhala kumunsi samakonda kukhala kunja mpaka usiku.
Komanso, ma stingray amasinthidwa ndimitundu. Ambiri a iwo ali ndi mimba yopepuka - mogwirizana ndi mawonekedwe akumwamba kuchokera pansi, ndi utoto wa thupi lakumtunda pamtundu wakumunsi kwa dera lomwe limakhalamo.
Ma stingray stingray amaonedwa kuti ndi owopsa kwa olakwira.... Kusankhidwa kwa zida zikuwonekeratu padzina. Mchira wakuthwa wamtunduwu uli ndi maselo owopsa omwe amatha kufooketsa mafupa a anthu, kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi nthawi zina, komanso kuyambitsa mitundu ina ya ziwalo. Poizoni wochokera munsomba iyi, atha kuyambitsa kusanza kwanthawi yayitali.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Ma stingray ena amagulitsidwa chifukwa cha mapiko awo abwino. Amakhulupirira kuti zipsepse za pectoral za mitundu ina zimakoma ngati scallops, chifukwa chake amawedza mopanda chisoni ndi ma trawls.
Ndizosangalatsa!Tsoka ilo, ngakhale stingray yokha sikhala chandamale chachikulu nthawi zonse. Zipsepse zake zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito nyambo posodza nkhanu.
Kuphatikiza pa usodzi wamalonda, ma stingray nthawi zambiri amagwidwa ndi maukonde. Mitundu ina imawerengedwa kuti yadyetsedwa kwambiri ndipo imatetezedwa pamitundu yonse, monga United States. Pali mapulani oyang'anira kumeneko kuti ateteze anthu a stingray kudzera munjira monga zoletsa kusodza ndi kuletsa umwini.
