Cougar ndi nyama yolusa komanso yamtendere
Mu banja la feline puma adawonedwa ngati m'modzi mwa oimira nyama zokoma kwambiri, zamphamvu, zokongola, zoyambirira kufotokozedwa pakati pa zaka za zana la 16. Dzina lina la mphaka wamkuluyu ndi cougar, kapena mkango wamapiri.
Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Nyama yayikulu, yocheperako kukula m'malo mwake kwa nyamayi, imatha kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 120-170, ndi mchira - mpaka 2.5 m. Kutalika kwa thupi la mphaka wamkulu wa cougar ndi kuchokera 60 mpaka 75 cm, kulemera kwake ndi 75-100 makilogalamu ... Amuna ndi akulu kuposa akazi ndi 30%.
Ubweya wofiira pakhosi ndi pachifuwa ndi wamthunzi wowala, pamutu ndi wotuwa, komanso m'makutu ndi mchira wa mchira - mumayendedwe akuda akuda, pafupifupi akuda. Mwambiri, thupi lotsika ndilopepuka kwambiri kuposa lakumtunda.
Zowononga zomwe zimakhala ku North America zimasiyanitsidwa ndi utoto wa silvery, ndipo nthumwi za pampas zakumwera, kotentha zili pafupi ndi nyimbo zofiira. Awa ndi amphaka okhawo aku America omwe ali ndi utoto wolimba. Ubweya wa nyama ndi waufupi, wolusa komanso wandiweyani.
Khalani nawo Cougar yanyama mano amphamvu, omwe amatsimikizira zaka zakudyazo. Ziphuphu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kugwira nyama, ndipo ziphuphu zimang'amba minofu ndikuphwanya mafupa. Mchira wamphamvu wolimba umathandiza amphaka aku America kuti azitha kuyenda bwino akamayenda komanso kudumpha posaka
Thupi lolumikizika losinthika limasiyanitsidwa ndi chisomo chapadera. Mutu ndi waung'ono, makutu ndi ochepa kukula kwake, ozungulira. Paws ndi otsika komanso otakata. Miyendo yakumbuyo ndi yamphamvu komanso yokulirapo kuposa yakutsogolo. Chiwerengero cha zala zazala ndizosiyana: kumbuyo - anayi, ndi kutsogolo - zisanu.
Chikhalidwe cougar cougars Pali malo osiyanasiyana: madambo onse okhala ndi nkhalango zotentha, pampas, madambo, ndi mapiri a conifers ku South ndi North America mpaka pakati pa Canada. Mikango yasiliva imapewa kumpoto.
Malo okhala nyama ndi ochulukirapo, koma koyambirira kwa zaka zapitazi, ma cougars ku United States adatsala pang'ono kuwonongedwa. Cougar yanyama wamba adayamba kuweta. Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, zinali zotheka kubwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa anthu ofanana ndikufalitsa kwa akambuku ndi ziphuphu. Zimazindikira kuti cougar amakhala makamaka kumene zinthu zazikulu za kusaka kwake zimakhala - nswala. Ngakhale utoto wa malaya awo ndi wofanana.
Mitundu ya Cougar
Malinga ndi mtundu wakale, mpaka 30 subspecies za cougar adasiyanitsidwa. Tsopano, pamaziko a zambiri zamtundu wa cougars amawerengedwa. A subspecies osowa ndi cougar ku Florida, yotchedwa kuti malo ake kumwera kwa Florida.
Munthawi yamavuto, panali anthu 20 okha. Zomwe zinatayika zinali ngalande zamadambo, zomwe zimapezeka nyama zosowa, komanso kusaka nyama zolusa. Ma cougars aku Florida ndi ang'onoang'ono kukula komanso miyendo yayitali kuposa abale ena.
Mu chithunzi puma
Chidwi chosowa cougars wakuda kutengera makamaka malipoti opanda umboni ndi nkhambakamwa. M'malo mwake, m'malo mwa zikopa zakuda, anthu amtundu wakuda wakuda amapezeka, omwe amangowoneka ngati malasha patali. Chifukwa chake, palibe chitsimikiziro chenicheni chokhala ndi amphaka akuda aku America pano.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Cougars ndi nyama zakutchirekukhala moyo wamtendere nokha. Nthawi yokwatirana yokha imadzutsa mwa iwo chikhumbo cha wina ndi mnzake, ndipo kufuula kwamphaka kochuluka kumawonetsa kupangidwa kwa okwatirana.
Cougars amasankha madera ena okhalamo, omwe malire ake amalembedwa mozungulira ndikuthyola mitengo ndi mkodzo. Madera achilengedwe ayenera kudzazidwa ndi zinthu zosakira komanso malo othawirako. Madambo ndi zigwa zaudzu ndi malo omwe amakonda kwambiri.
Kuchuluka kwa chiwonongeko cha anthu amadalira kupezeka kwa chakudya ndipo kumatha kuyambira 1 mpaka 12 pa 80 km². Madera osaka amuna amapanga madera akuluakulu kuyambira 100 mpaka 750 km².
Ziwerengero zama cougars azimayi ndizochepa kwambiri, kuyambira 30 mpaka 300 km². Kusuntha kwa nyama mdera lawo kumalumikizidwa ndimikhalidwe yazanyengo. Cougar amakhala nthawi yachisanu ndi chilimwe m'malo osiyanasiyana.
Masana, nyamazo zimawala padzuwa kwinakwake kapena kupumula m'phanga lopanda anthu ena. Madzulo komanso usiku, zochitika zimawonjezeka. Yakwana nthawi yosaka nyama. Nyamazo zasinthidwa kuti ziziyenda m'mapiri otsetsereka, zimatha kukwera mitengo ndikusambira bwino.
Kudumpha kwamphamvu kwa 5-6 m m'litali, kupitirira 2 mita kutalika ndikuthamangira mwachangu mpaka 50 km / h sikusiya mpata kwa wovulalayo. Mphamvu ndi kupirira kwa cougars zimakulolani kuthana ndi mayendedwe a mitembo, yomwe kulemera kwake kuli 5-7 nthawi yake.
Mwachilengedwe, cougar ilibe adani. Nyama zazikulu zokha ndizomwe zimatha kuthana ndi cougar, bola ngati cougar ifooka chifukwa chodwala kapena kusazindikira nyama zazing'ono. Mapaketi a Wolf, jaguar, anyani akuluakulu nthawi zina amalimbana ndi cougar ndi ana ake amphaka ngati akumva kuti apambana.
Cougars samalimbana ndi anthu, kupatula milandu pomwe munthu amadziwika kuti ndi wankhanza: amasuntha mwachangu, mwadzidzidzi, makamaka m'mawa kapena kusaka usiku. Nthawi zina, nyama zimapewa kukumana ndi anthu.
Cougar ndi nyama yoleza mtima. Mosiyana ndi kambuku mumsampha, cougar imatha kuchotsa maunyolo mwakachetechete, ngakhale zitatenga masiku angapo.
Chakudya cha Puma
Zomwe zimasakidwa ndi matumba makamaka mphalapala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nswala, komanso ma ungulates ena: caribou, bighorn nkhosa. Cougar amadya nyama zazing'ono zambiri: agologolo, beavers, muskrats, raccoons, lynxes.
Zowononga sizimasiyanitsa ziweto ndi zakutchire, chifukwa chake nkhosa zamphongo, nkhumba, amphaka, agalu amatha kuzunzidwa. Samanyoza mbewa, nkhono, achule, tizilombo.
Cougar imatha kugwira nthiwatiwa, kugwira nyani wokhathamira mumtengo. Puma amalimbana ndi nyama yaikulu mosayembekezereka polumpha mwamphamvu, amathyola khosi lake ndi unyinji wake kapena kukukuta khosi lake ndi mano ake.
Pachithunzichi, cougar wokhala ndi mwana
Nthawi zonse pamakhala nyama zophedwa kuposa momwe cougar amatha kudya nyama iyi. Chakudya chambiri cha nyama pachaka chimakhala mpaka makilogalamu 1300, omwe ndi nyama pafupifupi 45-50.
Pambuyo pakusaka, matumbawa amabisa mitembo yotsalayo pansi pamasamba, nthambi kapena kuphimba ndi matalala. Pambuyo pake amabwerera kumalo obisika. Amwenyewa, podziwa izi, adatenga nyama yotsalayo kuchokera ku cougar pomwe amapita.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Nthawi yokwanira ya cougars ndi yochepa. Maanja amapangidwira masabata awiri, kenako amasiyanasiyana. Nyama zokha zomwe zili ndi malo awo omwe zimatha kuberekanso. Amuna amphongo ndi akazi angapo m'malo ozungulira.
Pachithunzicho, mwana wamphongo
Mimba imakhala mpaka masiku 95. Kuyambira 2 mpaka 6 amphaka akhungu amabadwa. Pakatha masiku 10, maso, makutu amatseguka ndipo mano amatuluka. Mtundu wa anawo umawoneka, pali mphete zakuda kumchira, zomwe zimazimiririka akamakula.
Kufotokozera kwa cougar monga mayi kutengera zomwe zimawonedwa m'malo osungira nyama. Mzimayi samalola aliyense kuyandikira ana amphaka obadwa kumene ndipo sawalola kuti ayang'ane. Patatha mwezi umodzi, cougar imatenga ana kuti ayambe kuyenda koyamba. Zakudya zolimba zimaphatikizidwa mu zakudya zamphaka kuyambira miyezi 1.5.
Kusamalira amayi kwa mwana kumatenga pafupifupi zaka ziwiri. Kenako munthu wamkulu amayamba ndi kufunafuna gawo lake. Kwa nthawi yayitali, achinyamata amakhala mgulu, kenako nkumapatukana.
Kukula msinkhu kwa akazi kumachitika zaka 2.5, ndipo amuna azaka zitatu. Kutalika kwa moyo wa cougar mwachilengedwe kumakhala mpaka zaka 15-18, ndikumangidwa zaka zopitilira 20.
Mlonda wa cougar
Chifukwa chakutha kwa cougar kukhala m'malo osiyanasiyana, anthu amasungidwa m'malo ambiri. Florida kokha puma kuphatikiza kwa Red buku lolembedwa ngati lovuta.
Kusaka ma cougars m'maiko ambiri kumakhala kochepa kapena koletsedwa, koma nyama zimawonongedwa chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa ng'ombe kapena minda yosaka.
Panopa pali zoyesera kukhala nazo cougar ngati chiweto. Koma zoopsa zazikulu zatsalira, chifukwa ndiwokonda ufulu komanso wosalolera. Mkango wokongola komanso wolimba wamapiri umakhalabe nyama zamphamvu kwambiri komanso zokoma padziko lapansi.
