Amadziwika kuti imodzi mwamitundu yodziwika kwambiri ya nsomba, yomwe ndi yaying'ono, ndi wopanda pake... Nsombazo zinakhala ndi dzina lodabwitsa chifukwa cha sikelo zake zomata. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mtundu uwu umadziwika bwino ndi pafupifupi asodzi onse. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kudziwa mwatsatanetsatane chilichonse chokhudza nsomba.
Makhalidwe ndi malo okhala opanda chiyembekezo
Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri za nsomba iyi ndikuti ilipo yambiri lero. Amawerengedwa kuti ndiochulukirapo, mosiyana ndi ena oimira mtundu wake. Ndi chifukwa cha kuchuluka moyo wopanda chiyembekezo pafupifupi ku Europe konse, kupatula mayiko akumwera.
Chifukwa chake amapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse: mpaka ku Crimea ndi Caucasus. Kale ku Siberia ndi kutali ku Turkmenistan, nsomba iyi imalowetsedwa ndi achibale ake apamtima, ndipo iye sanapezeke kumeneko chifukwa cha nyengo yovuta.
Chodabwitsa, koma chowoneka chochepa, sichambiri, chimapezeka ngakhale m'malo otsetsereka a Urals. Asayansi akadabwitsabe kuti bwanji nsomba zopanda pake adatha kudutsa mizere ya mapiri a Ural mu (ichi ndichinsinsi).
M'dziko lathu mulibe zopezeka pafupifupi kulikonse, kuyambira madamu akuluakulu mpaka mitsinje yaying'ono. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti nsomba zamtunduwu zimakonda kwambiri malo monga nyanja ndi mayiwe oyenda.
Musaiwale kuti wofooka m'nyengo yozizira amakonda malo akuya ndipo samakonda matupi amadzi mwachangu. Nthawi zambiri, monga zikuwonetsa, asodzi nthawi zambiri amakhala opanda chiyembekezo pafupi ndi milatho, ndodo ndi milu. Pomwe pali mtsinje kapena nyanja mumzinda, ndiye kuti nsomba zizikhala pafupi ndi zonyansa.
Monga lamulo, kuphulika kumakondanso malo amdima. Chifukwa chake, amasambira mofunitsitsa pansi pamithunzi yamitengo yayikulu ndi nyumba, koma pakati pa ndere mulibe nsomba, kupatula mwina nyama zazing'ono.
Zikuwonekeratu kuti, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa nsomba, sizovuta kuzizindikira, chifukwa iwo, monga lamulo, amasangalala m'magulu m'malo otseguka amadzi. Pofika nyengo yozizira, kuzimiririka kumakhala kovuta kuti muwone, chifukwa imayamba kubisala m'maenje akuya, komwe imakhalako nthawi yozizira.
Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti sikuti nthawi zonse zimakhala zotheka kugwiritsabe ntchito magulu akuda, chifukwa masukulu akulu a nsomba nthawi zambiri amaukiridwa ndi nzika zazikulu zadamu: pike kapena nsomba. Iwo, monga lamulo, sasamala konse kuti angathandizidwe ndi kakang'ono kakang'ono.
Pachithunzicho, nsomba sizikhala bwino
Chozizwitsa chogwiritsa ntchito choperewera posodza ndikuti chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyambo za nsomba zazikuluzikulu. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kusodza kopanda tanthauzo imapezeka pamavuto amwazi kapena tizilombo tina, ndipo ndodo yosowetsa mtendere kuyandama kumagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Chinthu china chosafunikira ndikuti chimakoma kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, khungu lopanda nsomba limakonzedwa kunyumba ndipo limagwidwa mosiyana ndi sprat. Masamba obiriwira amatchuka chifukwa cha kukoma kwawo, chifukwa ndi mafuta ndipo nawonso amakhala nsomba zofewa.
Kufotokozera ndi moyo wopanda chiyembekezo
Ponena za kufotokozera kwa nsombayo, pachithunzicho chowoneka chowoneka chaching'ono (pafupifupi 20-25 cm) ndikukhala ndi thupi lopanikizika kuchokera mbali zonse ziwiri, cholemera mopitilira 60 g. Mtundu wa nsombayo ndi silvery. Mutu wopanda chiyembekezo nawonso ndi waung'ono, ndipo kumunsi kwa nsagwada kuli patsogolo pang'ono.
Zipsepse zakumaso ndi zam'maso mwa nsombazi ndizakuthupi lakuda, ndipo zina zonse ndizofiira zofiira. Monga tanenera kale, nsomba idapeza dzina lake pamiyeso, yomwe, mwanjira, imatsukidwa mosavuta mthupi ndipo ndi yaying'ono.
Nthawi zonse, nsombayi imakonda kukhala pamalo akuya masentimita 80. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti nyengo yabwino, ngati nsomba zimasonkhana m'sukulu, ndiye kuti zosangalatsa zomwe amakonda zimangodumphira m'madzi ndikubwerera.
Izi zimadalira kuti chakudya cha nsombazi chimaphatikizaponso timiyala tosiyanasiyana, tomwe timafooka ndikuyesera kugwira ntchentcheyo. Chifukwa chake, chodziwika bwino cha nsomba ndikuti amadumpha m'madzi pafupifupi tsiku lonse ndikusaka ma midge, chifukwa, ngakhale ali wamkulu, nsomba yowopsa kwambiri.
Bleak zakudya
Monga tanenera kale, chakudya chachikulu cha nsomba ndi ma midge, omwe amauluka nthawi yotentha. Kupatula ma midge, tizirombo tina tating'onoting'ono timaphatikizidwamo chakudya cha nsomba: ntchentche, udzudzu, mphonje, ndi zina zambiri.
Ngakhale mtundu uwu wa nsomba ulibe zinthu zina, koma umakondadi kukoma kwake, ndi m'mene zimakhalira ndi masamba osiyanasiyana, nthambi, timiyala tomwe timalowa mosungira kuchokera kunja. Zakudya zoterezi zimakupatsani mwayi wopanga pakamwa, womwe umapangidwa kuti ugwire nyama. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mdima umagwirabe ntchito dzuwa litalowa.
Zonsezi ndizoyenera chifukwa ndi madzulo komanso usiku pomwe pali udzudzu wochulukirapo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti nsombayo ili ndi wina wosaka. Nyengo yoyipa isanayambike (mvula kapena mphezi), khungu limabisalanso, koma limapitilizabe ntchito yake.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti asayansi amafotokoza modabwitsa za nsombazi chifukwa chakuti nyengo yoipa pamakhala mwayi wambiri wopopera ma midge, ndipo iwowo ayamba kugwera m'madzi, ndipo pamenepo gulu lanjala la nsomba zopanda chiyembekezo liziwayembekezera.
Mitundu yofooka
Zimadziwika kuti nsomba zopanda pake ndi mtundu wa carp. Mwa zina zomwe sizili bwino, nsomba zonga siliva bream, chub, syrt, dace ndi zina zotero zimasiyananso. Chimodzi mwa nsombazi ndi kukula kwawo pang'ono, njira zawo zodyetsera ndi zizolowezi zawo. Mu nsomba zomwe zidatchulidwa, ndizofanana. Zikuwonekeratu kuti kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa cyprinids kukhala kwawo.
Chifukwa chake siliva bream amakhala pafupifupi pamalo omwewo wopanda pake. Chub ndi matope zimapezeka ku Finland kokha komanso kufupi ndi gombe. Malo okhala nsomba za dace amapezeka kumayiko akutali ndi nyengo yovuta, mwachitsanzo, Finland yemweyo, Siberia ku Russia, Tanzania ndi zina zambiri.
Pachithunzicho pali mwachangu nsomba zopanda pake
Kubereka komanso kukhala ndi moyo kwanthawi yayitali
Zikuwonekeratu kuti ngati pali ambiri nsomba zopanda pake, pamenepo ichulukanso zochuluka. Mazira a nsomba amaikidwa ang'onoang'ono, koma ambiri. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti zakuda zimatha kubereka kuyambira zaka ziwiri ndipo nthawi yobala imatha pafupifupi zaka zitatu, nthawi zina imatha mpaka mwezi umodzi ndi theka.
Nsomba zimayamba kuyambira kumapeto kwa Marichi ndikutha kumapeto kwa Juni. Kuti nsomba zizitha kuyikira mazira, pamafunika kutentha koyenera, komwe ndi madigiri 10-15, komanso nyengo yabwino. Komanso nsomba zimaswana maulendo angapo: oyamba, okalamba, kenako achichepere. Monga ulamuliro, ofooka amakhala ndi moyo wosaposa zaka 7-8.
Koma nsomba zambiri sizikhala mpaka pano, chifukwa zimadya nsomba zina. Pomaliza, titha kunena kuti mwachangu amabadwa m'mazira sabata limodzi. Ndipo pakapita kanthawi nsomba zidzakhala zokonzeka kuyenda. Kenako nsomba zoterezi zimapitilirabe m'moyo wake, ndipo zitatha zaka 2 zimakhala zitatha kubereka.
