Crested newt ndi am'banja salamanders enieni, dongosolo la amphibians. Nyama iyi idatchulidwa koyamba ndi katswiri wazachilengedwe wochokera ku Sweden K. Gesner mkatikati mwa zaka za zana la 16, ndikuyitcha "buluzi wamadzi".
Banja palokha limaphatikizapo mitundu pafupifupi zana ya amphibian amiyala, koma zinayi zokha ndizofala ku Russia. Izi zikuphatikiza ndi buluzi crested newt.
Kufalitsa ndi malo okhala newt
Atsopano amakhala kumpoto kwa Germany, Switzerland, France ndi Poland, ndipo amapezekanso ku Belarus ndi Ukraine. Kuchokera kum'mwera, malowa ali m'malire ndi mayiko a Balkan ndi Alps.
Magawo omwe amagawika a newt ophatikizika amagwirizana ndi malo okhala newt wamba, ngakhale kuchuluka kwake kumakhala kochepera kasanu, ndipo amakonda madzi ofunda. Crested newts amakhala makamaka m'nkhalango zamtundu wa coniferous kapena wosakanikirana, wokhala m'matumba akuluakulu, koma osazama kwambiri omwe mumadzaza udzu.
Kuphatikiza apo, madzi omwe ali mkati mwawo amayenera kukhala oyera, chifukwa michira ya chipeso ndiyomwe imasankha kuti madziwo akhale oyera. Popeza takumana ndi amphibiya m'madziwe, onetsetsani kuti madzi ake ali abwino.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a crested newt
Ndi chithunzi cha newt mutha kuzindikira mosavuta kugonana kwa chinyama. Amuna, kuyambira pamaso mpaka kumchira, chitunda chodziwika bwino chimayala. Kumayambiriro kwa mchira, umasokonezedwa ndikupitiliranso, koma ulibenso zibwano.
Zazimayi, komabe, zilibe kachilombo ndipo ndizochepa kuposa amuna. Kutalika kwa thupi lawo kumasiyana masentimita 12 mpaka 20, pomwe chachimuna sichipitilira masentimita 15-17. Mchira wa buluzi wamadzi ndi wocheperako pang'ono kapena wofanana ndi kutalika kwa thupi lonse la amphibian.
Kumbuyo ndi mbali za newt zili ndi khungu lolimba, lowala, pomwe pamimba pamakhala lofewa komanso losalala. Buluziyu ajambulidwa utoto wakuda bii ndi mawanga, nchifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amaoneka ngati wakuda. Chingwe chachikulu kapena mzere wabuluu umayenda mchira.
Mbali yamkati ndi zala, mbali ina, ndi yowala lalanje yokhala ndi mawanga akuda. Chifukwa chakusiyanaku, ma newt okhala mumtsinje akhala akukhala pafupipafupi m'madzi okhala m'madzi. Kufotokozera kwa newt crested amasiyana malongosoledwe a newt mu kapangidwe kake (kumapeto kwake ndi olimba), komanso kusapezeka kwa mzere wakuda wakutali m'maso mwake.
Kamodzi m'madzi, buluzi amatulutsa kamodzi pa sabata, ndipo khungu silinawonongeke, nyongolotsi imamasulidwa mmenemo, kutembenukira mkati. Mphamvu yodabwitsa ya newt yosintha mtundu wake kuchoka mumthunzi wopepuka kupita kumdima wina ndi kumbuyo kwadziwikanso. Kuwonekeraku ndikwapadera pakutha kubwezeretsanso gawo lililonse la thupi lanu, kuyambira zala mpaka m'maso.
Crested newt moyo ndi zakudya
Nthawi zambiri, amphibiyani amakhala pamtunda, ndipo nthawi yachilimwe yokha, nthawi yoswana ikayamba, imalowa m'madzi. Silola dzuwa ndi kutentha, choncho imakonda kubisala pansi pa nkhuni, mumtengo wa masamba kapena mumthunzi wa tchire. Masana, nyamayo imagwira ntchito m'madzi, koma pomwe kumayamba dzuwa limatuluka pamtunda, komwe limakhala nthawi yosaka.
Pakutha nthawi yophukira, nyengo yozizira imabwera ndipo nyongolotsi imalowa mu tulo. Amphibian amakhala pamiyala, amabzala nsanza, akubowola mu moss kapena m'mabowo a makoswe ndi timadontho. Ngati anthu amakhala pafupi, nyongolotsi zimakhala modekha m'nyengo yozizira m'zipinda zapansi kapena m'nyumba zina zapakhomo.
Amatha kubisala okha komanso m'magulu akulu akulu. Amachokera kubisala kumapeto kwa mwezi wa Marichi, omwe amatha kusuntha ngakhale atakhala ndi zero thermometer yowerenga.
Newt ikasambira, imakanikiza miyendo yake mthupi, imakhalanso ngati chiwongolero. Chotulutsa "pusher" chachikulu ndi mchira, womwe nyama imawombera mpaka 10 pamphindikati, ndikukula msanga m'madzi.
Monga nyama, chakudya cha crested newt chimapangidwa ndi mphutsi, kafadala, slugs, crustaceans, komanso chakudya chapadera - caviar ndi tadpoles a amphibians ena. Pali milandu yakudya anthu wamba.
Crested Newt siyosiyana pakuwona bwino, chifukwa chake ndizovuta kuti iye agwire chakudya chamoyo m'madzi ndi pamtunda. Poona izi, abuluzi nthawi zambiri amakakamizidwa kufa ndi njala. Ali mu ukapolo, amphibiya amatha kudyetsedwa ndi mphutsi zamagazi zowuma, zomwe zimagulitsidwa pasitolo iliyonse yazinyama. Womira mchimwene wakeyo sangakane mphemvu, ma tubuleworm, mphutsi.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo wa newt
Atadzuka ku tulo tofa nato tulo tomwe timachitika mu Marichi, timitengo tatsopano timene timakonzekera nyengo yokolola. Mtundu wawo umawala kwambiri, mawonekedwe apamwamba amapezeka mwa amuna, akuimira chikhumbo cha nyama chofuna umuna.
Mwamuna amayamba chibwenzi, ndikupanga kulira koimbira likhweru. Nthawi yomweyo, amakakamira zovalazo pamalo olimba ndi masamba azitsamba zam'madzi, motero akuwonetsa gawo lomwe wasankha. Mkazi, yemwe wasambira kupita ku mayitanidwe, amachita nawo gule wodabwitsa, pomwe wamphongo amapotana ndi thupi lake lonse, akumakhudza mchira wake kumutu kwazimayi, kumuteteza kuti asadutse.
Chibwenzi chotentha chimayika ntchentche zokhala ndimaselo oberekera amphongo m'madzi, omwe wokondedwa yemwe amalakidwa amatenga chovala chake. Kale mkati mwa thupi, njira ya umuna imachitika.
Pafupifupi, newt wamkazi amatulutsa mazira 200, koma nthawi zina manambala amapitilira mazira 500. Kubzala kumatenga milungu iwiri kapena isanu ndi itatu. Mazira, amodzi kapena omangirizidwa angapo, amalumikizidwa ndi chachikazi kumbuyo kwamasamba, ndikuwasiya otseguka.
Patatha milungu ingapo, mphutsi za kukula kwa 8-10 mm zimayambira m'mazira. Poyamba, amafa ndi njala, popeza pakadali pano pakamwa sichinapangidwe, koma miyendo yakutsogolo ndi mitsempha, yomwe mphutsi imapuma isanayambike, imatha kudziwika kale. Pakatha sabata ina, nthambi zakumbuyo zimawonekera.
Monga akulu, mphutsi ndizodya. Powukira atabisala, amadya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono, komanso amadya mphutsi za udzudzu. Nthawi zambiri, timagulu tating'onoting'ono sitimazengereza kuwadyera tating'onoting'ono.
Pofika kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira, mphutsi zimasinthiratu, ndipo zimatuluka pamtunda, zikubisala m'nkhalango komanso pansi pamadzi pafupi ndi dziwe. Zinyama zazing'ono zimatha kudziyimira pawokha zikafika zaka zitatu.
M'malo awo achilengedwe, amphibian okhala ndi mchira amakhala zaka 15-17, ali mu ukapolo amakhala zaka 25-27. Chiwerengero cha ma newt chikuchepa mwachangu chifukwa chakukula kwa mafakitale ndi kuipitsa madzi oyera, komwe ma newt amatha kukhala nawo. Kulowera newt yatsopano ku International Buku Lofiira ndipo Bukhu la zigawo zingapo za Russia lidakhala gawo losapeweka pomenyera kupulumuka.
