Ndi mbalame zamtundu wanji zomwe sitimaziwona munthawi zosiyanasiyana pachaka. Pali omwe amakhala pafupi ndi ife, m'mizinda, mosalekeza - m'nyengo yozizira komanso yotentha. Palinso mbalame zosamuka zomwe zimapezeka mdera lathu nthawi yotentha yokha. Izi zikuphatikiza thrush mutu munda wamunda.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a mbalameyi
Zamgululi ankawona ngati mbalame yovulaza - wamaluwa amvetsetsa chifukwa chake. Mbalameyi yomwe imachokera kwa anthu odutsa ndi ya banja la ziphuphu ndipo imatchedwa shrub ya dzina lomwelo - phulusa lamapiri, lomwe limakhala chakudya chomwe amakonda. Amuna ndi akazi a mbalameyi amawoneka chimodzimodzi, amalemera pafupifupi 100-120 magalamu, kukula kwake kuli pafupifupi 26-28 cm, mapiko ake amakhala pafupifupi 40 cm.
Nthenga za korona ndi kunja kwa khosi ndizimvi, kumbuyo kwake ndi mabokosi, mapiko ndi mchira ndi zakuda, pafupifupi zakuda. Chifuwa ndi chopepuka, ndi mthunzi wa mtundu wa mchenga ndi nthenga zazing'ono zakuda. Yatsani chithunzi cha masewera zikuwonekeratu kuti kuyang'ana kwake kumawoneka kukhala kosasangalatsa nthawi zonse ndipo mbalameyo imakwiya, izi ndichifukwa cha "eyeliner" wakuda kuzungulira maso. Pansipa pa mapiko ndi mchira ndi zoyera.
Chikhalidwe
Masamba a Fieldfare pafupifupi ku Eurasia ndi Siberia konse. Palibe zisa kumwera kwa Europe, Spain, pafupifupi France, England. M'gawo la dziko lathu, malo okhala m'munda amatha kukhala kulikonse ku Europe, ngakhale mumtunda. Chaka chobala zipatso chikagwera zipatso za m'nkhalango ku Central Europe, thrush imakhalabe nthawi yozizira kumeneko.
M'zaka zachonde, zimapezeka kumadera akumpoto a Russia, koma pofika pakati pa nthawi yozizira, chakudya chikasowa, chimathabe kumwera. Nthawi zambiri nyengo yachisanu ku South ndi Central Europe, Asia Minor.
Imasankha m'mphepete mwa nkhalango zouma kapena zokongola, zimakhala mumzinda - m'mabwalo ndi m'mapaki, omwe amapezeka m'minda yam'munda. M'mbuyomu, izi sizinkapezeka mumzinda, koma tsopano zimayendera tchire lomwe amakonda kwambiri, lomwe limakula mochuluka pafupi ndi munthu.
Pakufika nyengo yophukira yagolide, zikwapu zidayamba kuwuluka m'magulu akulu, adayamba kukhazikika pafupi ndi mizindayo. Choyamba zimawoneka kunja, ndipo tsopano mbalamezi zimapezeka m'malo okhala. Kuchuluka kwa zipatso kumawathandiza kupirira kuzizira kozizira kozizira.
M'nkhalango yamtchire, imakhazikika m'malo osiyana kwathunthu - pafupi ndi kuyeretsa, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango pafupi ndi malo olimapo ndi mitsinje yamadzi, m'mapiri pakati pa madambo ndi msipu. Ndibwino kukonza zisa m'nkhalango yayitali pafupi ndi malo odyetserako ziweto komanso malo olimapo chifukwa mumadontho otsika kapena madambo audzu zimakhala zosavuta kupeza nthaka yonyowa pokonza chisa, komanso chakudya.
Moyo ndi chikhalidwe cha m'munda
Mbalame yakuda yamaluwa amatsogolera onse ongokhala komanso moyo wosamukasamuka. Zimatengera nyengo yakunyumba komanso kupezeka kwa chakudya m'nyengo yozizira. Iwo omwe adachoka kwawo ndikunyamuka kumwera amabwerera molawirira, kale pakati pa Epulo.
Pa nyengo yozizira ndikubwerera kwawo, gulu lankhondo lili pafupifupi mbalame 80-100. Kufika, kwakanthawi mbalame zimakhalabe m'malo ozungulira, m'mphepete mwake, m'mbali mwa mitsinje, pomwe matalala asungunuka kale, ndipo chakudya chawonekera. Chipale chofewa chikasungunuka, gulu lankhosa limafunafuna malo okhala. Njuchi zimatenga masiku angapo kuti zipangidwe.
Phata pake pamakhala mbalame zakale - oyambitsa, omanga zisa odziwa zambiri. "Msana" uwu umatenga malo abwino kwambiri okhala ndi zisa, ndipo nthawi zambiri umakhazikitsa malo okhalapo nyama zonse, kutengera zomwe akumana nazo tsiku lililonse, mbalame zazikulu zimadziwa kuchuluka kwa malowa, momwe zingatetezere.
Makoloni nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi awiriawiri 12-25 a mbalame. Ma thrush am'munda amasiyana ndi mbalame zambiri chifukwa, ngakhale ndi yaying'ono, ndiyolimba mtima kwambiri, imadzidalira komanso imakhala yolimbana ndi omwe amati ndi adani awo.
Mbalame zazikulu - akhwangwala, magpies, omwe amawononga mosavuta zisa za mbalame zotchedwa warblers, finches ndi mbalame zina zing'onozing'ono, sadzapitirizabe kulowa kumtunda. Ngakhale mwamuna m'modzi yekha amateteza nyumba yake. Ndipo mbalame zikagwirizana, zimamenya chilombocho ndi njira yomwe zimaikonda komanso yothandiza kwambiri - zimasefukira adani ndi ndowe.
Kuphatikiza apo, ndizowopsa kwa mbalame, chifukwa nthenga zolumikizana zimalepheretsa kuuluka. Wodya nyama aliyense, ngakhale anthu, adzakumanidwa mofananamo. Koma, ngakhale kuli kwakulimbana koteroko pokhudzana ndi mbalame zazikulu ndi nyama, kumunda sikumakhumudwitsa mbalame zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala moyandikana.
Ziwombankhanga zambiri zimakhazikika pafupi nawo, podziwa kuti m'derali mbalame zam'munda saopa zigawenga, agologolo kapena amphaka. Komabe, nkhondo zam'munda zimavutikanso ndi zolusa. Amagwidwa ndi akabawi, ma jay, nkhwangwa, akadzidzi akuyesa kuwononga zisa zawo. Mvula ya nthawi ya chilimwe komanso nyengo yozizira ndiyonso yowopsa pa zisa.
Koma gulu lodziyimira palokha lanyanja chaka chilichonse limayang'ana malo abwino zisa zake. Mbalameyi ilibe luso lotulutsa mawu - nyimbo ya birdbird ndi wamba chak-chak. Koma palinso ma alarm olira. Mluzu woonda komanso wautali amatanthauza "hawk".
Mverani mawu am'munda
Chakudya cham'munda
Monga momwe dzina la mbalame likuwonetsera, mtundu uwu wa thrush makamaka umadya rowan. Koma iyi ndi gawo chabe la nyengo, nthawi yotsala yomwe ma thrush amafunafuna nyongolotsi mu zinyalala ndi dziko lofewa. Anapiye amadyetsedwanso ndi mphutsi ndi mollusks.
Mbalame zimatembenuza mwaluso masamba ndi dothi lapamwamba kuti zipeze chakudya. Tsoka ilo, nthawi zambiri amakhala nyama ya nyongolotsi za nematode zomwe zimakhala mu mphutsi zomwe zimafalitsa mbalame zazikulu ndi anapiye awo. Mbalame zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka zimafa ndi kuchuluka kwa nyongolotsi m'thupi.
Ngati panalibe dothi lonyowa lokhala ndi nyongolotsi pafupi ndi malo obisaliramo, ndiye kuti masanjidwe am'munda amasonkhanitsa mbozi, mphutsi, kafadala, ntchentche, ma slugs. Chakumapeto kwa chilimwe, ngati anapiye sanabadwe, ndiye kuti makolo amayamba kuwadyetsa zipatso - mabulosi abuluu, chitumbuwa cha mbalame, strawberries, irga. Zadziwika kuti masewera akumunda ndi dzino lalikulu lokoma.
Ngati pali chitsamba chokhala ndi zipatso zolimidwa pafupi ndi phulusa wamba, mbalame zimangodya zipatso zokoma. Kuphatikiza apo, mbalame zimakumbukira mitengo "yokoma" ngati imeneyi, ndipo chaka chamawa zidzaulukiranso kumeneko, ndikubweretsa gulu lawo. Ndiye chifukwa chake kumunda kumawonedwa ngati kachirombo, chifukwa ngati mbalame ikuyang'ana pamtengo wanu, simudzasangalalanso ndi zipatso zake. Zomwezi zikuyembekezeranso mphesa zazing'ono.
Pachithunzicho, chisa chakumunda chokhala ndi anapiye
Amadyanso ma currants, yamatcheri, gooseberries, cranberries, viburnum ndi zipatso zina zambiri ndi zipatso. M'dzinja, mbalame sizimangotenga zipatso mu nthambi, komanso zimatsikira pansi kuti zigwere zipatso. Zima zam'munda wazisanu Kufunafuna zipatso za rowan ngati chakudya, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotheka kuwona momwe iwo, pamodzi ndi sera, amanyamula mtengo.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Oyenda kumunda amaswana kamodzi kapena kawiri. Popeza mbalamezi zimabwera molawirira kwambiri, kale koyambirira kwa Epulo, ndiye kuti pamwezi zonse zakonzeka kuwaswa anapiye. Mayi wamtsogolo akuchita nawo zomangamanga. Chisa chake ndi mphika waudzu wouma womata pamodzi ndi nthaka. Kutalika kwa nyumbayo ndi masentimita 10-15, m'mimba mwake ndi masentimita 15 mpaka 20. Pali thireyi yaying'ono mkati mwake.
Atakwatirana, mkazi amayikira mazira obiriwira 3-7 okutidwa ndi timiyala tofiira. Mu theka loyambirira la Meyi, anapiye amawoneka, omwe amadziyimira pawokha mwachangu ndipo kumapeto kwa mwezi amatulutsa "chipatala cha amayi oyembekezera" pa clutch yachiwiri. Mumikhalidwe yabwino, mbalame yathanzi imakhala zaka 11-15.
