Mwina mawu oti "Red Book" amadziwika ndi anthu ambiri. Ili ndi limodzi mwa mabuku ofunika kwambiri kuti muphunzire za nyama zomwe zili pachiwopsezo.
Tsoka ilo, alipo angapo, ndipo sakuchepa. Odzipereka, ogwira ntchito za zinyama, akatswiri a zoo akuyesera kupulumutsa nyama kuti zisawonongeke, koma chilichonse chitha kuwononga chidziwitso cha anthu okhala.
Mwachitsanzo, njoka ndi mantha opanda nzeru. Zachidziwikire, sizinthu zonse zomwe zimawopseza anthu, koma chikhumbo cha anthu ambiri (kuwononga chokwawa) chimagwira gawo loyipa pofuna kuyesa kuchuluka kwa zokwawa zosowa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kudziwa - zomwe njoka zidalembedwa mu Red Book.
Western boa constrictor (Eryx jaculus). Imakula mpaka masentimita 87. Ali ndi matupi olimba komanso mchira waufupi kwambiri wokhala ndi mathero osongoka. Zakudyazi zimayang'aniridwa ndi abuluzi, mitu yozungulira, makoswe, tizilombo tambiri. Pali miyendo yaying'ono yakumbuyo. Zitha kupezeka mdera la Balkan Peninsula, Kalmykia Kummykia, Kum'mawa kwa Turkey.
Pachithunzicho pali njoka ya kumadzulo
Njoka yaku Japan (Euprepiophis conspicillata). Ikhoza kufika masentimita 80, yomwe pafupifupi masentimita 16 imagwera kumchira.Ili ndi mwana wozungulira. Zakudyazo zimayang'aniridwa ndi makoswe, mbalame zazing'ono ndi mazira awo. Amakhala m'dera la Kuril Nature Reserve (Chilumba cha Kunashir), komanso ku Japan kudera la Hokkaido ndi Honshu. Zochepa zomwe zaphunziridwa.
Kujambula ndi njoka yaku Japan
Njoka ya Aesculapian (Zamenis longissimus) kapena njoka ya Aesculapian. Kutalika kwakukulu kojambulidwa ndi 2.3 m. Izi ndizankhanza kwambiri njoka zolembedwa mu Red Book, ikhoza kukhala imvi-kirimu, tani kapena azitona wonyansa.
Mitunduyi imadziwika chifukwa chobadwa kwa maalubino. Zakudyazi zimaphatikizapo anapiye, makoswe, zikopa, mbalame zazing'ono zazing'ono ndi mazira awo. Njira yogaya chakudya imatha kutenga masiku anayi. Amakhala m'derali: Georgia, madera akumwera a Moldova, Krasnodar Territory mpaka Adygea, Azerbaijan.
Mu chithunzi cha njoka za Aesculapius
Njoka ya Transcaucasian (Zamenis hohenackeri). Amakula mpaka masentimita 95. Wophunzira ndi wozungulira. Amadyetsa ngati maboti, kufinya anapiye kapena abuluzi ndi mphete. Kuphatikiza apo, imakwera mitengo mofunitsitsa. Mwayi wopanga clutch umabwera pambuyo pa chaka chachitatu cha moyo. Amakhala m'dera la Chechnya, Armenia, Georgia, North Ossetia, madera akumpoto kwa Iran ndi Asia Minor.
Njoka ya njoka
Njoka yokhotakhota (Orthriophis taeniurus). Mtundu wina wazomwe zidapangidwa kale zopanda poizoni Njoka zofiira... Ifika masentimita 195. Amakonda makoswe ndi mbalame. Pali mitundu ingapo ya njoka, imodzi mwazo, chifukwa chamtendere wake komanso mitundu yokongola, imatha kupezeka m'malo azinsinsi. Amakhala m'dera la Primorsky. Amapezeka nthawi zambiri ku Korea, Japan, China.
Pachithunzicho, njoka yaying'ono yokwera
Njoka yamizere (Hierophis spinalis). Kutalika kwake kumatha kufikira masentimita 86. Amadyetsa abuluzi. Ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi njoka yapoizoni yomwe imakhala mdera lomwelo. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu ndikuti njoka yopanda vuto ili ndi chingwe chowala chomwe chimayambira pa chisoti mpaka kumapeto kwa mchira. Amakhala kum'mwera kwa Kazakhstan, Mongolia ndi China. Milandu yamisonkhano pafupi ndi Khabarovsk ikufotokozedwa.
Pachithunzicho pali njoka yamizeremizere
Dinodon lamba wofiira (Dinodon rufozonatum). Kutalika kotalika kwambiri ndi masentimita 170. Amadyetsa njoka zina, mbalame, abuluzi, achule, ndi nsomba. Izi agile wokongola njoka ya Red Book of Russia amakhala m'dera la Korea, Laos, kum'mawa kwa China, zilumba za Tsushima ndi Taiwan. Inagwidwa koyamba kudera la dziko lathu mu 1989. Zochepa zomwe zaphunziridwa.
Pachithunzicho pali njoka ya dynodon lamba wofiira
Dynodon Wakummawa (Dinodon orientale). Ifika mita imodzi. Zimadya mbewa, abuluzi, anapiye usiku. Amakhala ku Japan, komwe amatchedwa njoka yonyenga chifukwa choopa komanso moyo wamadzulo. Kukhalapo m'dera la Russia (Chilumba cha Shikotan) ndikokayikitsa - msonkhanowu udanenedwa kalekale. N'kutheka kuti njoka imeneyi ndi ya mitundu yakutha kale.
Kujambula dynodon yakummawa
Njoka yamphaka (Telescopus fallax). Itha kukhala mita imodzi kutalika. Zimadya makoswe, mbalame, abuluzi. Amakhala m'dera la Dagestan, Georgia, Armenia, komwe amadziwika kuti njoka yanyumba. Ikupezekanso ku Syria, Bosnia ndi Herzegovina, Israel, ku Balkan Peninsula.
Njoka yamphaka imakwera mosavuta miyala ikuluikulu, mitengo, nthambi zamtchire ndi makoma. Amamamatira pamapiko a thupi lake pazinthu zopanda pake, potero, amagwirabe zigawo, mwina ndipamene dzina lake lidawonekera.
Kujambula ndi njoka yamphaka
Njoka ya Dinnik (Vipera dinniki). Zowopsa kwa anthu. Ifika masentimita 55. Mtunduwo ndi bulauni, mandimu wachikaso, wowala wonyezimira, wobiriwira-wobiriwira, wokhala ndi mzere wakuda wofiirira kapena wakuda.
Mitunduyi ndi yosangalatsa pamaso pa ma melanists athunthu, omwe amabadwa ndi mtundu wabwinobwino, ndikukhala velvety wakuda pofika chaka chachitatu chokha. Zimadya makoswe ang'onoang'ono ndi abuluzi. Amakhala m'dera la Azerbaijan, Georgia, Ingushetia, Chechnya, komwe amadziwika kuti ndi amodzi mwa oopsa kwambiri.
Pachithunzicho, njoka ya Dinnik
Njoka ya Kaznakov (Vipera kaznakovi) kapena njoka ya ku Caucasus. Imodzi mwa njoka zokongola kwambiri ku Russia. Akazi amafika kutalika kwa masentimita 60, amuna - masentimita 48. Zakudya za mbalame, makoswe ang'onoang'ono. Amapezeka ku Krasnodar Territory, Abkhazia, Georgia, Turkey.
Viper Kaznakova (njoka ya ku Caucasus)
Njoka ya Nikolsky (Vipera nikolskii), Forest-steppe kapena Njoka Yakuda. Itha kutalika 78 cm. Menyu imakhala ndi achule, abuluzi, nthawi zina nsomba kapena zovunda. Amakhala m'dera la nkhalango kudera lonse la Europe la Russian Federation. Misonkhano yomwe ili mdera la Middle Urals imafotokozedwa.
Njoka ya Nikolsky (Njoka Yakuda)
Njoka ya levantine (Macrovipera lebetina) kapena gyurza. Ndizowopsa kwambiri kwa anthu. Pali mitundu yodziwika yokhala ndi kutalika kwa 2 m ndikulemera mpaka 3 kg. Mtundu umadalira malo okhalamo ndipo ndizotheka ngati mdima wonyezimira kapena wotuwa, wokhala ndi zovuta zazing'ono, nthawi zina wokhala ndi utoto wofiirira.
Amadyetsa mbalame, makoswe, njoka, abuluzi. Pazakudya za akulu, pali ma hares ang'onoang'ono, akamba ang'onoang'ono. Amakhala m'magawo: Israel, Turkey, Afghanistan, India, Pakistan, Syria, Central Asia.
Awonongedwa pafupifupi ku Kazakhstan. Chifukwa cha kupirira kwake ndi kudzichepetsa, nthawi zambiri inali kuposa mitundu ina yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo osungira njoka. Mafinya apadera a gyurza adathandizira kupanga mankhwala a hemophilia.
Pachithunzicho Njoka njoka (gyurza)
Mayina ndi mafotokozedwe a njoka zolembedwa mu Red Book of Russiandiyofunika kuphunzira osati m'kalasi ya biology yokha. Kupatula apo, ngakhale zina zili zakupha, zina zonse zimawonongeka chifukwa zimawoneka ngati njoka.
