Mphaka wa Oncilla kapena jaguar yaying'ono
Oncilla wamphaka wakutchire amakhala wofanana kwambiri ndi kapangidwe ka ubweya ndi chisomo chodya nyama yaying'ono. Ndizosowa kwambiri kukumana naye mwachilengedwe chifukwa chobisalira. Chifukwa chake, moyo wamphaka wa kambuku ndi wodabwitsa, wosaphunzira mokwanira, koma wosangalatsa ngati utoto wake wodabwitsa.
Makhalidwe ndi malo a oncilla
Mwa achibale achikazi a m'dera la neotropical, oncilla ndi wocheperako kukula, wotsika ngakhale kwa mphaka ndi mphaka wautali. Pachifukwa ichi, amatchedwa mtundu wotsika wa zilombo zazikulu.
Poyerekeza ndi mphaka wamba, katsamba kakang'ono kakang'ono ndi kakang'ono pang'ono: amalemera pafupifupi 3 kg, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala masentimita 65.
Maso a amphaka a kambuku amakhala owoneka bwino, achikasu-bulauni, akulu akulu, omwe ali pamphuno lalitali ndi ndevu zazitali. Makutuwo ndi owongoka, akuthwa, ndi kachitsotso koyera mkati, ndikuda kwambiri kumbuyo.
Miyendo yakumbuyo ya mphaka ndi yayitali kuposa yakutsogolo. Sizimupweteketsa chisomo chake. Thupi laminyewa lokhala ndi malaya okongola nthawi zonse limakhala nyambo ya alenje. Mtundu wa paka wa Oncilla zozizwitsa komanso zokongola. Pamatako ake, zikhadabo zakuthwa, zotsekedwa ndizida zazikulu za nyamazi zazing'ono.
Ubweya wofewa wofupikirako umaphimba katsuyo ndipo, chifukwa cha mawanga akuda onga amiyala yofiirira, imawoneka ngati nyani ndi kambuku. Mphete sizimangowonongeka.
Mimba ndi bere ndizopepuka kuposa ziwalo zina za thupi. Pamalo ocherera, mawanga otalika amatambasula msana. Mchira wokhala ndi mizere yakuda yodutsa. Aliyense wachisanu mwa anthuwa ndi wakuda.
Monga amphaka ambiri, ma Oscillas amakhala osungulumwa ndipo amayenda "paokha"
Zotere amphaka a oncilla ali mgulu la omwe amatchedwa melanists. Chodziwika chawo chimawonetsedwa mumthunzi wa ubweya, apo ayi ndizizindikiro za mtunduwo.
Ma subspecies onse, alipo anayi, amasiyana kokha ndi katundu ndi utoto waubweya. Mtundu wokongola unali chifukwa chowonongera nyama theka la zaka zapitazo. Ngakhale pakadali pano ndizosaloledwa kusaka ma oncillas, nyamazi zazing'ono zikuchepa chifukwa cha kuwononga nyama mwachisawawa komanso kudula mitengo mwachisawawa.
Mtundu wa mphaka wamawangamawonekedwe ndizokometsera. Oncilla amakhala m'nkhalango zamapiri ku South America, Panama, Colombia, zigawo za Brazil. Malo ake wamba ndi nkhalango zowirira za bulugamu, savanna, madera osiyidwa okutidwa ndi tchire. Zimapezeka kumtunda mpaka mamita 2-3 zikwi. Madera a kudula nkhalango, malo okhala ndi anthu amakopa amphaka.
Mtundu wokongola wa mphaka ndiye chifukwa chowonongera anthu ambiri
Lingaliro la mphaka wowoneka bwino limapezeka makamaka pakuwona kwa oncilla m'malo osungira nyama ndi malo osungira. Kutchire, kuwona mphaka masana ndikosowa. Zochita zanyama zimayamba ndikangofika mdima wandiweyani.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa oncilla
Moyo wamphaka umadzuka ndimphamvu zatsopano mumdima. Kokha m'nkhalango yotentha kwambiri yomwe imatha kukhala ndi mphaka masana. Oncilla Ndi msaki wabwino kwambiri usiku. Kutha kwake kukwera mitengo, komwe onse amapumulako ndikuyang'ana nyama.
Khalidwe lopanda mantha la wankhondo limadziwonetsera pankhondo ndi mdani yemwe ndi wamkulu kuposa oncilla. Kupsa mtima, kukhetsa magazi ndi kukakamiza kumakupatsani mwayi wopondereza otsutsa, kuti musinthe nkhanza.
Oncilla amasambira bwino, koma ngozi yokha ndi yomwe imawalowetsa m'madzi. Pansi, aliyense ali ndi gawo lake lotchuka, mpaka 2.5 km kukula kwake2 akazi, mpaka 17 km2 - mu amphaka. Awa ndi madera akuluakulu kwambiri poyerekeza ndi kukula kwa nyama zomwe.
Mwachilengedwe, nyamayi yaying'ono imakhala moyo wokhala wekha. Ndizovuta kwambiri kuphunzira mphaka wamtunduwu mwachilengedwe. Oncilla akuwoneka kuti amasungunuka pakati pa nthambi zamitengo, utoto wosiyanasiyana umabisa ngati masamba. Zimakhala zovuta kuwona mphaka akugona pamtengo, koma ndizosavuta kuti ayang'ane kuchokera pamwamba ndikudumpha mwadzidzidzi kuti apeze nyama, osasiya mpata wopulumutsidwa.
Chilombocho chimakhala choopsa komanso choopsa. Mano akuthwa amakumba kukhosi kwa wovulalayo. Maonekedwe okongola a kitty wokongola ndi achinyengo, kubisala nyama yolusa mwachilengedwe. Maso akuthwa, kumva kwabwino kumathandizira kuti anthu azisaka bwino.
Chakudya cha Oncilla
Chakudya chachizolowezi ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono, achule amtengo, njoka, abuluzi. Amakhulupirira kuti ndi zokwawa zokha zopanda poizoni zomwe ndizosangalatsa ma oncillas. Kuphatikiza apo, amphaka amathotho akuba mazira kuzisa, agwira mbalame. Asanadye nyama ya nkhuku, nyamayo imatsukidwa ndi nthenga.
M'madzi osaya nyama oncilla nsomba chifukwa cha kutha kwachilengedwe, kulumpha luso komanso kuthamanga. Ngakhale anyani, omwe nthawi zina amakhudzidwa ndi amphaka odabwitsazi, sangathe kupikisana nawo mwachinyengo ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Chifukwa cha moyo wachinsinsi kwambiri m'chilengedwe, zambiri zokhudzana ndi kubereka kwa ma oncillas zimatengedwa pakuwona kwawo ali mu ukapolo. Nthawi yamphaka yokwatirana ndiyamphepo: ndewu, kulira, ziwonetsero zaphokoso.
Mimba yamphaka imatenga masiku 74-78. Amphaka amawoneka pakati pa February ndi August. Nthawi zambiri mumakhala mwana mmodzi, ngakhale ana 2-3 amabadwa. Anawo amabadwa opanda thandizo: amphaka ndi akhungu, amangolemera magalamu 100 okha. Maso adzatseguka pakangotha masabata atatu, ndipo mano amatuluka kamodzi patatha masiku 21.
Kuyamwitsa kumatenga miyezi itatu, kenako ana amasinthana ndi chakudya chotafuna, kuyamba moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Pofika zaka 1-1.3, akazi amakhala okhwima, ndipo amuna amalowa msinkhu pafupifupi zaka ziwiri.
Mwachilengedwe, moyo wawung'ono wamphaka wamawangamawanga umangokhala zaka 12-13. Mu ukapolo, kupezeka kwa nyama sikumakhudzana kwenikweni ndi chiopsezo chokhala ndi moyo, chifukwa chake anthu athanzi amakhala zaka 20-22.
Pachithunzicho, mphaka wa Ocilla
Ma jaguar ang'onoang'ono samakonda kuweta bwino, popeza nyamayo sikhala yankhanza kwa anthu. Koma werengani mafotokozedwe a paka oncilla ndipo kupita naye kunyumba ndiyeso lalikulu.
Eni ake akuyenera kudziwa pasadakhale kuti kuumitsa zachilengedwe komanso chidwi chazinsinsi komanso moyo wamadzulo zimasungidwa. Ntchito ndi kulumpha kwa nyama kumabweretsa chisoni ndi mavuto ambiri. Wodya nyama sadzakhala wachikondi komanso wachibale wapabanja.
M'malo osungira ana, ana amakula pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje apadera. Mtengo wamphaka wa Oncilla imayamba pa $ 2,000. Tikulimbikitsidwa kuyika mwana wamphaka wachilendo mumlengalenga wamkulu kuti azisamalira mwaulere komanso moyenera.
