Akambuku a Ussuri (Amur, Far Eastern) ndi subspecies omwe posachedwa atha. Kuphatikiza apo, Kambuku wa ku Ussurian Ndi kambuku yekhayo amene amakhala m'malo ozizira.
Nyama iyi idatha kuchita bwino kwambiri pakusaka, chifukwa, mosiyana ndi mikango yomwe imanyadira komanso kusaka pamodzi, nyamayi Ussuri nyalugwe nthawi zonse amakhala wosungulumwa.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe a kambuku ka Ussuri
Nyama ya kambuku wa Ussuri wamphamvu ndi wamphamvu, ndimphamvu yokwanira yamphamvu yakuthupi. Kulemera kwake kumafika makilogalamu 300. Kulemera kwakukulu komwe kwalembedwa ndi 384 kg. Thupi lake ndi 1.5 - 3 mita kutalika, ndipo mchira wake ndi pafupifupi mita imodzi. Nyalugwe wa Amur ndi nyama yothamanga kwambiri, ngakhale pamtunda wachisanu, imatha kuthamanga pafupifupi 80 km / h.
Thupi la nyama limasinthasintha, miyendo siyotalika kwambiri. Makutu ndi amfupi komanso ang'onoang'ono. Pazinthu izi, mafuta amapangidwa m'mimba mwake masentimita 5 pamimba, omwe amateteza nyama yolusa ku mphepo yozizira komanso kutentha pang'ono.
Kujambula ndi kambuku wa Ussuri
Kambukuyu amakhala ndi utoto wabwino. Ili ndi malaya odera kuposa akambuku omwe amakhala kumadera otentha. Chovalacho chili ndi utoto wa lalanje, mikwingwirima yakuda kumbuyo ndi mbali, ndi mimba yoyera. Khungu pakhungu limakhala la nyama iliyonse. Kujambula kumathandiza kambuku kuti aziphatikizana ndi mitengo ya m'nyengo yachisanu.
Malo okhala nyalugwe wa Ussuri
Akambuku ochuluka kwambiri amakhala kumwera chakum'maŵa kwa Russia. Awa ndi malo osungira. Ussuri kambuku amakhala m'mphepete mwa Mtsinje wa Amur, komanso Mtsinje wa Ussuri, chifukwa chake adadzipangira mayina.
Akambuku ocheperako amakhala ku Manchuria (China), pafupifupi anthu 40-50, i.e. 10% ya akambuku onse padziko lapansi. Malo enanso omwe amagawira akambukuwa ndi a Sikhote-Alin, omwe ndi okhawo omwe ali ndi mitunduyi.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Nyalugwe waku Far East amakhala nyengo yovuta: kutentha kwamlengalenga kumakhala pakati pa -47 madigiri m'nyengo yozizira mpaka madigiri + 37 mchilimwe. Ikatopa kwambiri, nyalugwe amatha kugona pansi pachipale chofewa.
Kupuma pa chisanu kumatha kukhala kwa maola angapo, ndipo chilombocho sichimva kuzizira. Mitundu ya akambukuyi imasinthidwa mwapadera kuti izizizira komanso kuzizira. Koma kwa nthawi yayitali, amakonda kupeza pobisalira pakati pa miyala, pakati pa zingwe, komanso pansi pamitengo yakugwa.
Kwa anawo, mkazi amakonza mphanga, chifukwa cha izi amayang'ana malo osafikika, mwachitsanzo, pathanthwe losafikirika, m'nkhalango kapena kuphanga. Akuluakulu amuna safuna dzenje.
Amakonda kupumula pafupi ndi nyama yawo. Ma tigress achichepere amasiyanitsidwa ndi amayi awo pa 1.5 - 2 zaka, zimatengera mawonekedwe a mwana wotsatira wamkazi. Koma samapita kutali ndi khola la amayi, mosiyana ndi amuna.
Nyalugwe aliyense amakhala pamalo amodzi, dera lake limatsimikizika ndi kuchuluka kwa osatulutsidwa. Akambuku amayenda tsiku lililonse ndi katundu wawo. Mkazi ndi wamwamuna amakhala mdera losiyanasiyana.
Dera lamwamuna limakhala pakati pa 600 mpaka 800 sq. km, ndi akazi kuyambira pafupifupi 300 mpaka 500 sq. Km. Gawo laling'ono kwambiri ndilamkazi wokhala ndi ana. Ndipafupifupi 30 sq. Monga lamulo, akazi angapo amakhala patsamba la wamwamuna m'modzi.
Pafupifupi, nyalugwe amayenda mtunda pafupifupi 20 km patsiku, koma maphunzirowo amatha mpaka 40 km. Akambuku ndi nyama zomwe zimakonda kusasinthasintha. Amagwiritsa ntchito njira zofananira ndipo nthawi zambiri amalemba gawo lawo.
Akambuku a Amur amakonda kukhala okha ndipo samakhala m'magulu. Masana amakonda kugona pamiyala, kuchokera pomwe amawoneka bwino. Akambuku akum'maŵa akutali amakonda madzi; amatha kugona kwa maola ambiri kapena pafupi ndi madzi aliwonse. Akambuku amasambira kwambiri ndipo amatha kusambira kuwoloka mtsinjewo.
Zakudya za kambuku wa Ussuri
Akambuku a Far East ndi chilombo; ali ndi zibambo zazikulu (pafupifupi masentimita 7) zomwe zimagwira, kupha ndi kudula nyama. Samatafuna, koma amadula nyama ndi molars, kenako ndikuzimeza.
Chifukwa cha matumba ake ofewa, nyalugwe amayenda pafupifupi mwakachetechete. Akambuku amatha kusaka nthawi iliyonse. Chakudya chawo chomwe amakonda ndi: Nguluwe zakutchire, Gwape wa Sika, Gwape Wofiira, Elk, Lynx, Zinyama Zing'onozing'ono
Komabe, nthawi zina amadya nsomba, achule, mbalame ndi chisangalalo, amatha kudya zipatso za zomera zina. Munthu wamba ayenera kudya 9-10 kg ya nyama patsiku. Ndikudya koyenera, chinyama chimayamba kunenepa kenako chimatha kukhala sabata lathunthu osadya.
Wodya nyamayo nthawi zambiri amakoka nyama yake m'madzi, ndikubisa zotsalira za chakudya asanagone m'malo abwino. Zimadya zitagona pansi, zikugwira nyama ndi mawoko ake. Nyalugwe wa Amur samaukira anthu kawirikawiri. Kuchokera mu 1950, ndi milandu pafupifupi 10 yokha yomwe idalembedwa pomwe mtundu uwu wa akambuku waukira anthu. Ngakhale asakawo atathamangitsa nyalugwe, iye samawaukira.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Nthawi yokwanira ya akambuku samachitika nthawi inayake pachaka, komabe imakonda kupezeka kumapeto kwa dzinja. Pakubereka, mkazi amasankha malo osadutsa komanso otetezeka kwambiri.
Nthawi zambiri yaikazi imabereka ana awiri kapena atatu, kawirikawiri m'modzi kapena anayi. Pali zochitika zobadwa ndi ana asanu. Ana obadwa kumene amakhala opanda chochita ndipo amalemera 1 kg.
Komabe, olusa mtsogolo akukula mwachangu. Pakadutsa milungu iwiri, amayamba kuwona ndikuyamba kumva. Pofika mwezi, anawo achulukitsa kulemera kwawo ndikuyamba kutuluka m'dzenjemo. Adakhala akuyesa nyama kuyambira miyezi iwiri.
Koma mkaka wa amayi umadyetsedwa mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Choyamba, tigress imawabweretsera chakudya, kenako imayamba kuwatsogolera kukadyako. Ali ndi zaka ziwiri, anawo amayamba kusaka limodzi ndi amayi awo, kulemera kwawo pakadali pano ndi pafupifupi 100 kg.
Amuna samathandiza polera ana, ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi nawo. Banja la kambuku limasweka anawo akafika zaka 2.5 - 3. Akambuku amakula m'moyo wawo wonse. Akambuku a Amur amakhala pafupifupi zaka 15. Amatha kukhala ndi moyo zaka 50, koma, monga lamulo, chifukwa chazovuta zamoyo, amamwalira msanga.
Chithunzicho chikuwonetsa ana a Ussuri tiger
Kusunga nyalugwe wa Ussuri
Pakati pa zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, kambuku wamtunduwu anali wamba. koma kuchuluka kwa akambuku a Ussuri inachepa kwambiri kumayambiriro kwa zaka makumi awiri. Izi ndichifukwa chogwidwa kosalamulirika kwa ana a kambuku komanso kuwombera nyama, komwe panthawiyo sikunayendetsedwe mwanjira iliyonse. Nyengo yoipa ya gawo la kambuku nayonso sinali yofunika kwenikweni.
Mu 1935, malo osungira zachilengedwe adakonzedwa ku Sikhote-Alin. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, kusaka nyalugwe wakum'mawa kwakum'mawa kunaletsedwa, ndipo ngakhale malo osungira nyama, ana anyalugwe amangogwidwa pokhapokha.
Sizikudziwika lero ndi akambuku angati a Ussuri omwe atsala, malinga ndi 2015, chiwerengero cha anthu ku Far East chinali 540. Kuyambira 2007, akatswiri anena kuti zamoyozi zilibenso pachiwopsezo. Koma, Kambuku wa Ussuri mu Red Book Russia idalembedwabe.
