Kodi mixina ndi nyongolotsi yayikulu kapena nsomba yayitali?
Osati cholengedwa chilichonse padziko lapansi chimatchedwa "chonyansa kwambiri." Zosasintha kusakaniza ili ndi mayina ena osasangalatsa: "slug eel", "nyongolotsi" ndi "nsomba zamatsenga". Tiyeni tiyesere kudziwa chifukwa chake wokhala pansi pamadzi adazipeza choncho.
Kuyang'ana kusakaniza zithunzi, ndiye kuti simungadziwe kuti ndi ndani nthawi yomweyo: nyongolotsi yayikulu, nkhono yayitali yopanda chipolopolo, kapena mtundu wa nsomba. Nyama yam'nyanjayi imawoneka yachilendo kwambiri.
Komabe, asayansi asankha kale. Amati mixina ndi yolumikizana pakati pa nyongolotsi ndi nsomba. Cholengedwa chachilendochi chimatchedwa kuti vertebrate, ngakhale chilibe vertebrae. Pali mafupa okhaokha a chigaza. Gulu la Mixina ndikosavuta kutanthauzira, cholengedwa chimadziwika kuti cyclostome.
Makhalidwe ndi malo okhala mixin
Nyama ili ndi zachilendo kapangidwe kake. ZosakanizaNthawi zambiri, kukhala ndi thupi kutalika kwa masentimita 45-70. Nthawi zambiri, amakula nthawi yayitali. Pakadali pano, mbiri yakale ya masentimita 127 yajambulidwa.
Mphuno yopanda awiri imakongoletsa mutu. Kanyanga kamamera pakamwa komanso pamphuno. Kawirikawiri pali 6-8 mwa iwo. Tinyanga timeneti ndi chiwalo chogwira ntchito chanyama, mosiyana ndi maso, omwe amadzazidwa ndi khungu m'mayendedwe anga. Zipsepse za anthu okhala m'madzi sizikukula.
Pakamwa pa myxine, mosiyana ndi nyama zodziwika bwino, imatseguka mopingasa. Pakamwa mumatha kuwona mizere iwiri ya mano ndi dzino limodzi losasunthika m'kamwa.
Kwa nthawi yayitali, asayansi samamvetsetsa momwe mixina amapumira... Zotsatira zake, zidapezeka kuti kudzera mphuno imodzi. Chiwalo chawo cha kupuma ndi mitsempha, yomwe imakhala ndi mbale zingapo zamatenda.
Pachithunzicho "Mfiti ya Nsomba"
Mtundu wa "chilombo cham'nyanja" umatengera kwambiri malo okhala, nthawi zambiri m'chilengedwe mumatha kupeza mitundu iyi:
- pinki;
- imvi-ofiira;
- bulauni;
- Violet;
- wobiriwira wobiriwira.
Mbali yapadera ndi kupezeka kwa mabowo omwe amatulutsa ntchofu. Amapezeka makamaka kumapeto kwenikweni kwa "nsomba zamatsenga". Ichi ndi chiwalo chofunikira kwambiri pamasakaniza onse, chimathandiza kusaka nyama zina osakhala nyama ya adani.
Zamkati myxine dongosoloimadzutsanso chidwi. Wokhala pansi pamadzi amadzitama ndi maubongo awiri komanso mitima inayi. Ziwalo zowonjezera 3 zili pamutu, mchira ndi chiwindi cha "chilombo cham'nyanja". Kuphatikiza apo, magazi amadutsa m'mitima yonse inayi. Ngati mmodzi wa iwo alephera, chinyama chikhoza kupitiriza kukhala ndi moyo.
Pachithunzicho, kapangidwe kake ka mixin
Malinga ndi asayansi, pazaka mazana atatu zikwi zitatu zapitazi, myxine sanasinthe. Ndi mawonekedwe ake akale omwe amawopsa anthu, ngakhale nzika zotere sizinali zachilendo kale.
Kodi mungapeze kuti mixina? Likukhalira, osati patali ndi gombe:
- Kumpoto kwa Amerika;
- Europe;
- Greenland;
- Kum'mawa kwa Greenland.
Msodzi waku Russia amatha kukumana naye mu Nyanja ya Barents. Kusakaniza kwa Atlantic amakhala kumapeto kwa Nyanja Kumpoto komanso kumadzulo kwa Atlantic. Okhala pansi pamadzi amakonda kuya kwa mita 100-500, koma nthawi zina amatha kupezeka pamtunda wopitilira kilomita imodzi.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa myxina
Masana, zosakaniza amakonda kugona. Amakwirira mbali yakumunsi ya thupi mu matope, nkusiya mbali imodzi yokha yamutu pamtunda. Usiku, nyongolotsi zam'madzi zimapita kukasaka.
Kunena zowona, ziyenera kudziwika kuti ndizovuta kuzitcha kusaka kwathunthu. "Mfiti nsomba" pafupifupi nthawi zonse kumangogwira nsomba zodwala komanso zopanda mphamvu. Mwachitsanzo, iwo amene agwidwa pa ndodo ya ndodo kapena maukonde.
Ngati wozunzidwayo angakanebe, "chilombocho" chimamulepheretsa. Kukwera pansi pamiyendo myxina amatulutsa ntchofu... Mitsempha imasiya kugwira ntchito mwachizolowezi ndipo wovutikayo amamwalira chifukwa chobanika.
Poterepa, nyama imatulutsa ntchofu zambiri. Munthu m'modzi amatha kudzaza chidebe chonse m'masekondi ochepa. Mwa njira, makamaka chifukwa nyama zimatulutsa ntchentche zambiri, sizosangalatsa kwenikweni nyama zolusa. "Slug eel" wokhala ndi luso amalumpha kuchokera mkamwa mwa nyama zam'nyanja.
Mu miniti, ma mixins amatha kutulutsa chidebe pafupifupi chonse cha ntchofu.
Zosakaniza zokha sizimakonda kukhala mumatumbo awo, kotero pambuyo pa kuukiridwa, amayesa kuzichotsa mwamsanga ndikudzipangira mfundo. Ichi ndichifukwa chake chisinthiko sichidabweretse anthu okhala m'madzi ndi sikelo.
Posachedwapa asayansi anena kuti Sakanizani itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala. Chowonadi ndi chakuti ili ndi mankhwala apadera omwe amathandiza kuti magazi asiye kutuluka. Mwinanso mtsogolomu, zitha kupangidwa kuchokera ku mamina.
Sakanizani zakudya
Chifukwa mixina nsomba moyo wake wonse uli pansi, ndiye amayang'ana nkhomaliro kumeneko. Nthawi zambiri, wokhala m'madzi amakumba pansi ndikufunafuna nyongolotsi ndi zotsalira zam'nyanja zina. Mu nsomba zakufa, cyclostome imalowa kudzera m'mitsempha kapena pakamwa. Kumeneku kumachotsa zotsalira za mnofu m'mafupa.
Pakamwa pa myxine ndichopanda thupi
Komabe, zosakaniza zimadyetsa komanso nsomba zodwala komanso zathanzi. Asodzi odziwa zambiri amadziwa kuti ngati "slug eels" asankha kale malo, ndiye kuti nsomba sizidzakhalapo.
Ndikosavuta kuthamangitsa mu ndodo zanu nthawi yomweyo ndikupeza malo atsopano. Choyamba, chifukwa, pomwe gulu la osanganiza mazana ambiri lasaka, palibe chomwe chingagwire. Kachiwiri, nsomba yamatsenga imatha kuluma munthu.
Komano, zosakaniza zokha zimakhala zodyedwa. Amalawa ngati nsomba. Komabe, sikuti aliyense amalimba mtima kuyesa nyongolotsi yam'madzi chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake. Zowona, a ku Japan, aku Taiwan ndi aku Korea sachita manyazi ndi izi. Lampreys ndi zosakaniza ali ndi zakudya zabwino. Anthu okazinga amaonedwa kuti ndi okoma kwambiri.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo wa myxina
Kuberekana m'njira yapadera zosakaniza zam'madzi... Kuti akazi zana akhale ndi ana, wamwamuna m'modzi yekha ndiyeokwanira. Komanso, mitundu yambiri ndi hermaphrodites. Amadzisankhira okha ngati amuna ali ochepa pagulu.
Kuberekana kumachitika patali kwambiri kuchokera pagombe. Mkazi amaikira mazira 1 mpaka 30 akulu (lililonse pafupifupi masentimita awiri) oval. Kenako chachimuna chimawaphatikiza.
Mosiyana ndi ambiri okhala m'madzi, atabala nyongolotsi yosakaniza samafa, ngakhale kuti mkati mwake samadya kanthu. "Slug eel" imasiya ana kangapo m'moyo wake.
Asayansi ena amakhulupirira kuti mphutsi za myxin zilibe gawo loyambira, ena amakhulupirira kuti sizikhala motalika. Mulimonsemo, ana oswedwawo amakhala ofanana kwambiri ndi makolo awo.
Komanso, ndizosatheka kudziwa kutalika kwa moyo wa "nsomba zamatsenga". Malinga ndi kafukufuku wina, titha kuganiza kuti "cholengedwa chonyansa kwambiri" m'chilengedwe chimakhala zaka 10-15.
Zosakaniza zokha zimakhala zolimba kwambiri. Amatha kukhala opanda chakudya kapena madzi kwa nthawi yayitali, komanso amapulumuka kuvulala koopsa. Kuberekanso nyongolotsi zam'madzi kumathandizidwanso chifukwa chakuti alibe malonda.
Kodi ndikuti m'maiko ena akum'mawa amagwidwa ngati chakudya chokoma, ndipo aku America aphunzira kupanga "khungu la eel" kuchokera kuzinyama.
