Thupi lamunthu limakonzedwa m'njira yosangalatsa, yosiyanasiyana komanso yovuta. Tsoka ilo, nthawi zina timangokhala chakudya ndi nyumba zamoyo zina zovulaza kwambiri.
Aliyense amadziwa kuti thupi limafunikira mabakiteriya opindulitsa kuti agwire bwino ntchito, koma nthawi zina, kuwonjezera pa iwo, zolengedwa zowopsa zimakhala pamenepo. Mwa iwo - tapeworm ya nkhumba.
Maonekedwe a nyongolotsi ya nkhumba
Makulidwe Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a nkhumba zimatengera zaka zake, ndipo pakukula (zaka zingapo), imatha kukula kuchokera pa 2 mpaka 4 mita. Zili za mtundu wa tapeworms wochokera kubanja la tapeworm, dongosolo la ma cyclophyllids.
Mutu, kapena scolex wa nyongolotsi, ili ndi mawonekedwe a pini, pali makapu anayi oyamwa, momwe nyongolotsiyo imakhazikika m'makoma am'matumbo. Ili ndi mizere iwiri ya zingwe (mpaka zidutswa 32) kuti ikonzekere bwino.
Unyolo wa magawowo ndiwotalika kwambiri, mpaka zidutswa 1000, strobila iwowo ndi ocheperako kuposa tiziromboti tomwe timakhala - tapeworm ya ng'ombe. Magawo atsopano amakula kuchokera mbali yamutu, ndipo akalewo amapatulidwa ndikutuluka, pomwe amakhala ndi mazira okwanira mpaka zidutswa 50,000.
Mbali za hermaphrodite ndizotalikirana, mkati mwawo muli mazira omwe ali ndi zidziwitso 6. Nyongolotsi ya nkhumba, kapena nyongolotsi, Ali ndi ovular atatu ovary ndi pafupifupi nthambi khumi za chiberekero.
Malo okhala kachilombo ka tapeworm
Nyongolotsi ya nkhumba imatha kukhala kulikonse, koma nthawi zambiri imapezeka m'malo omwe nkhumba zimadyetsedwa. Awa ndi mayiko a Latin America, China, South Korea, Taiwan, Africa.
Mpaka 35% milandu yakudwala nkhumba imalembedwa pamenepo. Kuchuluka kwa matenda aumunthu m'dera la Africa - Cameroon, Nigeria, Zaire. Izi ndichifukwa choti m'malo awa sikumangokhalira kuswana nkhumba kokha, komanso miyoyo yamoyo ndi yotsika kwambiri, mankhwala apamwamba samapezeka nthawi zonse kwa aliyense.
Kudera la Latin America wodwala kachilombo ka tapeworm 20% ya nyama ndi pafupifupi 300 anthu zikwi. Gawo lakumadzulo kwa Ukraine ndi Belarus nthawi ndi nthawi limakhala matenda, komanso dera la Krasnodar.
Mphutsi zimakhala pakatikati makamaka makamaka minofu. Nyongolotsi wamkulu imakhala mwa anthu okha, imadziphatika yokha pamakoma am'mimba. Nthawi zimatulutsa mazira, omwe amatuluka ndi ndowe.
Moyo ndi mitundu ya tapeworm ya nkhumba
Moyo wamphutsi wa nkhumba yagawidwa magawo awiri. "Nyumba" yapakatikati ndi nkhumba zoweta kapena zakutchire, nthawi zina agalu, amphaka, akalulu ndi anthu. Kulowa mthupi la nyama kapena munthu, oncosphere (mazira a kachilombo) amabadwanso mu mphutsi (Finn).
Kunja, zimawoneka ngati thovu lokhala ndi sentimita imodzi lokhala ndi madzi mkati. Kukhalapo kwa mphutsi zotere kumayambitsa matenda mwa anthu - cysticercosis. Mphutsi zikhoza kukhala pansi pomwe chipatso chagwa kapena masamba adakololedwa.
Ngati mankhwalawa sanalandire chithandizo cha kutentha ndipo panali mazira a tapeworm pa iwo, ndiye kuti amalowerera mthupi ndikuyamba ntchito yawo yofunika mu minofu. Munyama ya nyama yodwala, pangakhalenso mphutsi zomwe zingayambitse matendawa.
Opanga nkhumba akuyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti akuwongolera mtundu wazomwe amapanga. Mphutsi zomwe zimagwidwa mkati mwathupi zimakhwima pakatha miyezi 2-2.5.
Maso, minofu, zigawo zazing'onozing'ono, ndi ubongo zimakhudzidwa. Nyongolotsi imatha kukhala mthupi la nyama pafupifupi zaka ziwiri, kenako imamwalira. Koma ngati mphutsi zimalowa m'thupi la munthu, zimakhala zaka zingapo pamenepo.
A Finns omwe atsekeredwa m'thupi la munthu amakhala achikulire, omwe patatha miyezi ingapo amatha kuberekanso m'magulu. Kukula kwa nyongolotsi za nkhumba mu nyongolotsi okhwima amapezeka kokha mu thupi la munthu.
Wopatsidwayo ndiye chonyamulira cha nyongolotsi, chomwe chimatha kukhala mthupi kwa zaka makumi khumi, ndikuziziritsa wolandirako poizoni ndikupatsira mazira ndi zinyalala, nthaka ndi malo ena. Matendawa amatchedwa teniasis.
Zakudya zopatsa nyongolotsi za nkhumba
Kapangidwe ka kachilombo ka tapeworm Zimakhudza kupatsa thanzi poyamwa chakudya kuchokera mthupi lonse. Alibe ziwalo zogaya. Mphutsi zazikulu zimamangirira pamakoma amatumbo ang'onoang'ono amunthu, komwe amalandira chakudya chomwe munthu amameza, amadya zomwe zili m'matumbo. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, nyongolotsi zomwezi sizili pangozi, chifukwa zimapanga chinthu chapadera (antikinase) chomwe chimalepheretsa kugaya kwawo.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Nyongolotsi yayikulu yomwe imakhala mthupi la munthu imakula kuchokera kumutu, ndipo magawo omaliza amachoka ndikutuluka panja ndi ndowe. Amakhala ndi mazira omwe amagwera m'nthaka ndipo amatha kugona pamenepo kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri, ngati kuti asungidwa.
Akangolowa m'malo abwino (zamoyo), mphutsi zimachokera ku mazira. Ngati nkhumba zodetsedwa sizikonzedwa mokwanira asanadye, a Finns amalowa mthupi la munthu. Ndipo kale pamenepo amasandulika munthu wamkulu. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tikhoza kukhala mwa munthu kwazaka zambiri.
Zizindikiro ndi chithandizo cha tapeworm ya nkhumba
Monga aliyense akudziwira, ndikosavuta kupewa matenda kuposa kuchiritsa. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kukhala osamala kwambiri pazogulitsa zomwe zimalowa mchakudya. Mazira a kachilombo ka nkhumba ali pansi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti atha kukhala pamasamba ndi zipatso zomwe zili pansi pano.
Mphutsi sizingathe kutentha kwambiri, komanso kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kutentha, choncho, musanadye, ndiwo zamasamba ziyenera kuthiridwa ndi madzi otentha, ndipo nyama iyenera kukazinga ndi kutentha kwa 80 C⁰ kwa ola limodzi kapena kuzizira -15 C⁰ kwa masiku osachepera khumi. Pali zizindikiro zambiri za matenda a teniasis:
- thupi limasonyeza kusokonezeka;
- ndondomeko yotupa imayamba pamakoma am'mimba chifukwa chakukwiya kwamakina ndi ngowe ndi makapu oyamwa;
- mbali ya ubongo, pali mutu, chizungulire, mavuto ogona (kusowa tulo, maloto olakwika), kukomoka;
- amachepetsa njala, belching, nseru, nthawi zina kusanza;
- kutsegula m'mimba kapena, kawirikawiri, kudzimbidwa;
- kutentha ndi kuyabwa mu anus;
- chiwindi, ndulu sizigwira bwino ntchito;
- kufooka kwakukulu kwa thupi.
Ndizovuta kudziwa teniasis, popeza zizindikilozo ndizofanana ndi matenda ena am'mimba, m'mimba, ndi m'matumbo. Ndowe zimayang'aniridwa ngati zigawo zomaliza za strobila zokhala ndi mazira a kachilombo.
Ovoscopy yapangidwa kuti iwulule kupezeka kwa strobes zonse zomwezo, zomwe, mosiyana ndi zingwe za kachilombo ka ng'ombe, sizimayima. Kuti mupeze cysticercosis, magazi amafufuzidwa nthawi zambiri ngati ali ndi ma antibodies, chifukwa ndi matendawa palibe strobil mthupi.
Mayeso amagazi ambiri, mapulogalamu amakono amachitika, ma x-ray ndi sikani amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chovuta pakuzindikira matendawa ndikuti mphutsi sizimapezeka nthawi zonse, chifukwa chake, kuperekera ndowe kumayikidwa m'mayeso angapo pafupipafupi. Njira zosiyanasiyana ndikukonzekera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira kachilombo ka nkhumba. Zikhala zokhoza kuchita chithandizo kuchipatala, moyang'aniridwa ndi madotolo.
Simungagwiritse ntchito mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti tiziromboti tiwonongeke, chifukwa sangafe kwathunthu, koma akhale ngati a Finn, omwe angayambitse matenda odziyimira palokha owopsa - cysticercosis. Dokotala woyang'aniridwa akhoza kukupatsani mankhwala a biltricide, omwe amayambitsa ziwalo za nyongolotsi ndi kutuluka kwake.
Chotsitsa cha fern chachimuna chimakhala ndi zofananazo. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timafa ziwalo ndipo timafa. Musanagwiritse ntchito mankhwalawa, muyenera kutsatira masiku awiri azakudya zolimba ndi mchere wokhala ndi mchere usiku.
Pa tsiku lachitatu m'mawa, mankhwala oyeretsera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa - magalamu 5-7. Pambuyo pa mphindi 40-50, laxative yaledzera. Simungathe kudya chakudya chopepuka kale kuposa ola limodzi ndi theka. Matumbo ayenera kudzikhuthula okha, koma ngati patatha maola atatu izi sizichitika, ndiye kuti apatsidwe mankhwala.
Chithandizo chofatsa kwambiri ndi nthanga za dzungu, zomwe zimatsanulidwa ndi madzi ndikuyika kusamba kwamadzi kwa maola 1.5-2. Decoction yokonzedwa bwino ya magalamu 500 a njere iyenera kuledzera m'mawa mwake, pamimba yopanda kanthu.
Kenako gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala ofewetsa mchere otsekemera ndi kupita kuchimbudzi pasanathe maola atatu. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchitire mankhwala kunyumba, chifukwa thupi limatha kuchita zinthu mosazindikira, makamaka kwa ofooka komanso okalamba.
