Mawonekedwe ndi malo a mphalapala
Nyama yodabwitsa - mphalapala ikhoza kukhala nyama zakutchire komanso zoweta. Ndizomvetsa chisoni kuti nthumwi yonyadayi, yolemekezeka ya zinyama yakhala yovuta kwa ozunza nyama, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa agwape sikukula, koma kumachepa.
Kukula kwa nyamayi ndikochepa, pakufota kumangofika mita imodzi ndi theka, thupi limakhala lopindika, mpaka masentimita 220. Palinso zochepa. Mwachitsanzo, akazi ndi ocheperako kuposa amuna, ndiye kuti jenda limatchulidwa. Amuna okongola amalemera makilogalamu 100 mpaka 220.
Kuganizira chithunzi cha mphalapala, ndiye mutha kuwona kuti ubweya wawo uli ndi mitundu yambiri yofiirira ndi bulauni. Gwape wa m'nkhalango ndiye mdima wakuda kwambiri, koma achibale pachilumba ndiwo opepuka kwambiri.
M'nyengo yozizira, mtundu wa malaya amasintha, ndipo agwape amakhala opepuka kwambiri, mutha kupeza munthu wokongola kwambiri. Mwa njira, amuna samasiyana ndi akazi amtundu.
Mu mphalapala, amuna ndi akazi onse amavala mphalapala
Mukakhetsa, ubweya wachilimwe, womwe umangokhala wa 1 cm wamtali, umakhala ubweya wachisanu, womwe ndi wautali komanso wonenepa. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka chijasi ichi, chinyama sichimatha kupirira kutentha kokha, koma ndimasambira osangalatsa.
Koma ubweya wokhawo ndiwodziwika bwino munyamayi, kapangidwe ka ziboda ndizosangalatsa. Ndi zotakata mokwanira kumamatira bwino pamwamba pa chipale chofewa, ndipo tsitsi lalitali limakulanso pakati pa ziboda, zomwe zimathandizanso nyama kukhala mchipale chofewa. Ziboda zake ndizokhota, kotero kuti ndikofunikira kukumba ndipo nyama imatha kupeza chakudya chake.
Ndipo, kumene, kunyada kwapadera mphalapala ali nyanga... Mwa njira, amapezeka mwa amuna ndi akazi. Zowona, mwa amuna ndizabwino kwambiri - zimakhala zazitali komanso zazitali. Koma m'nyengo yozizira, amuna amatulutsa kukongola kwawo, koma akazi amakhala opanda nyanga akabereka ana.
Mimbulu ya agwape omwe sanasinthe amatengedwa ndi anthu. Nyanga zotere zimatchedwa nyerere ndipo ali ndi machiritso ambiri, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu pharmacology.
Mbawalayo agawika tundra, nkhalango komanso nswala zamapiri. Mayinawa akusonyeza komwe mbawala imakonda kukhala. Tundra agwape amakhala m'chigawo cha tundra, agwape a m'nkhalango amakonda kukhala m'nkhalango, ndipo agwape akumapiri amakonda kumapiri. Komabe, kugawa agwape motsimikiza sikuli kolondola kwenikweni, chifukwa nyamazi nthawi zambiri zimasamukira.
Mbawala zimapezeka ku North America, Russia, Kamchatka, kumpoto kwa Canada, Alaska, Sakhalin ndi Taimyr. Nzosadabwitsa kuti nswala amatchedwa "kumpoto", nyamayi imakonda kukhala nyengo yakumpoto.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa mphalapala
Nyamazi zimathera nthawi yonse yotentha kugombe la Arctic. Pakadali pano, m'malo ena, magulu ambirimbiri a midges amawakwiyitsa, koma mphepo yozizira ya ku Arctic imalepheretsa midges kuzunza nyama. Koma pakayamba nyengo yozizira, gulu la agwape amatumizidwa kunkhalango.
Pakusamuka, nyamazi zimayang'ana malo omwe kulibe chipale chofeŵa chochuluka, chifukwa komwe kuli matalala akulu zimavuta kuti apeze chakudya. Pofunafuna malo otere, gululo limatha kupambana makilomita opitilira 500, kusambira pamitsinje ndikuwoloka zopinga zina. Ndi kuyamba kwa Meyi kokha pomwe gulu la nswala limabwerera kumtunda. Mwa njira, ng'ombe zamphongo nthawi zonse zimasuntha m'njira yomweyo.
Nthawi zambiri, mbawala zimakhala m'magulu. Zowona, anthu ena amakhala mosiyana, koma izi sizachilendo. Chiwerengero cha ziweto zimasiyana. Monga mwalamulo, mumakhala wamwamuna m'modzi mgululi, ndipo ena onse ndi akazi omwe amakhala ndi ana aang'ono.
Inde, mutu wa gululo amateteza zolakwa zake zonse kwa adani komanso kuzipinda za amuna ena. Pa nthawi yokwatirana, chifukwa cha izi, nkhondo zazikulu zimachitika pakati pa amuna. Amuna amalemba malo ake ndi chinsinsi chapadera.
Chakudya
Nyama yamphongo, monga mitundu ina, ndi nyama zodya zomera. Amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri chilichonse chomwe chilengedwe chimapereka ngati chakudya. Chakudya chachikulu cha oimira nyama ndi ndere, zomwe zimawerengedwa kuti ndi moss (kwenikweni, ndi ndere).
Zakudya zam'mimba izi zimayamwa ndi mphalapala ndi 90%, koma nyama zina sizingatengere kwathunthu. Koma chifukwa chakuti mulibe mavitamini okwanira mu mphalapala amadzazanso zakudya zawo ndi zipatso, bowa, ndi udzu wosiyanasiyana.
Chifukwa choti mulibe mavitamini okwanira mu mphalapala, nswala imayenera kudzaza ndi zipatso ndi zitsamba zosiyanasiyana. Izi zimachitika mchilimwe. Ndi m'chilimwe pomwe mphalapala zimangokhala kachigawo kakang'ono kwambiri pazomwe nyama zimadyera.
Munthawi imeneyi, nyamayo imasinthasintha mowolowa manja. Mphalapala amadya udzu wambiri, sankhani zipatso, bowa, musazengereze ngakhale mandimu. Amakhulupirira kwambiri za chimanga. Mwa njira, mbawala zoweta zimadyetsedwa nawo. Ziweto zimapatsidwa udzu, silage amawonjezeredwa.
Kuswana ndi kutalika kwa moyo wa mphalapala
Kuyambira pakati pa Okutobala mpaka Novembala, mphalapala zimayamba kulimbitsa thupi, ndiye kuti nyengo yoswana. Pakati pazomwe zimachitika, amuna amapeza kuti ndi uti wamphamvu komanso wathanzi, chifukwa nkhondoyi ndi yazimayi (yofunikira), ndiye kuti, nthawi yayitali. Yaimuna yopusa komanso yamphamvu imatha kuphimba zazikazi zoposa 10 nthawi imodzi yokha.
Pachithunzicho, mphalapala
Akazi amabereka mwana wosabadwayo kwa miyezi 8, ndipo ana amabadwa mu Meyi-June okha. Monga lamulo, mwana m'modzi amabadwa. Mapasa amachitikanso, koma izi zimachitika kawirikawiri.
Mwana wobadwa kumene akadali wocheperako komanso wofooka, amangolemera makilogalamu 6 okha, koma atakhala masiku atatu atabadwa, nyanga zake zimayamba kuthyola. Kawirikawiri mwana wamkazi amayenera kukula msanga, kunenepa msanga, chifukwa kubadwa kumagwirizana ndi nthawi yakusamuka.
Ng'ombe yomweyo imadzipeza ili m'malo osakhala wowonjezera kutentha - iyenera kutalikirana kwambiri. Koma munthawi yosamukira, ngakhale agwape akuluakulu amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha mimbulu, nkhandwe, ziphuphu ndi nyama zina zolusa.
Komabe, amuna amayang'anitsitsa gulu la ziweto, ngati mbawala sizikhala ndi mwayi wopulumuka, zimavomereza nkhondoyi ndipo zitha kuwononga mdani ndi nyanga ndi ziboda zawo. Chifukwa chake, chachikazi ndi mwana wa ng'ombe amatetezedwa.
Mwana wang'ombe amakhala pafupi ndi mayi, amakhala naye zaka ziwiri zonse, mpaka kutha msinkhu kudzafika. Utali wamoyo mphalapala osati wamkulu kwambiri, wazaka 25 zokha, choncho ndizowawa kwambiri kuti moyo uno ukufupikitsidwa ndi alenje osayenerera.
