Makhalidwe ndi malo okhala mmbulu wofiira
Mmbulu wofiira ndi nyama yomwe ili pangozi yochepa. Woimira zachilendo za nyama za canine ndi nyama yayikulu yodya nyama Nkhandwe Yofiira, kufikira kutalika pofota pafupifupi theka la mita.
Kunja, nyamayo imawoneka ngati mmbulu wamba, koma imafanana ndi nkhandwe zofiira, pomwe ili ndi mawonekedwe a nkhandwe. Kutalika kwa thupi lanyama ili pafupifupi masentimita 110, ndipo kulemera kwa anthu kumasiyana, kutengera amuna, pakati pa 13 mpaka 21 kg.
Monga tawonera bwino chithunzi cha nkhandwe yofiira, malamulo oyendetsera nyamayo ndi olimba komanso othithikana, ndipo minofu yake imapangidwa modabwitsa. Mtundu wa ubweya wa nyama ukhoza kuweruzidwa ndi dzina lake.
Komabe, kunena molondola, ubweya wa cholembachi sichimakhala chofiyira, koma mtundu wofiyira wamkuwa, koma mtundu wa utoto umadalira msinkhu wa nyama, komanso dera lomwe limakhalamo.
Nthawi zambiri, achikulire amadzitama ndi misana yamoto, koma mimba ndi mapazi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopepuka. Mchira wa nyamayo ndi wokongola modabwitsa, umakopa iwo owuzungulira ndi ubweya wakuda.
Akatswiri a zamoyo amawerengera pafupifupi mitundu khumi ya nyama yotereyi. Ndipo amakhala m'chigawo kuyambira Altai mpaka Indochina. Koma malo okhalamo mimbulu yofiyira ili mkati mwa madera akumwera ndi apakati a Asia.
Pokhala madera akuluakulu, nyama zimagawidwa mosafanana, ndipo mitundu yomwe imapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana imagawanika. M'madera aku Russia, nyama zoterezi ndizosowa kwenikweni, zimapezeka makamaka ku Altai, Buryatia, Tuva, Khabarovsk Territory komanso kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Primorye.
Mimbulu yofiira – Nyama zakutchire, makamaka iwo omwe amakhala mdera lakummwera kwa nkhondoyi. Koma madera ndi zipululu amakhalanso, momwe nyama nthawi zambiri zimasamukira kukafunafuna malo okhala ndi chakudya chochuluka. Komabe, amakonda madera amapiri, malo amiyala okhala ndi zigwa ndi mapanga.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Za mimbulu yofiira pali nthano zambiri zofotokoza momveka bwino za kukhetsa mwazi kwa nyama izi, zomwe zingawonetse ntchito yawo, masana ndi usiku.
Amapita kukasaka pagulu, lomwe nthawi zambiri limagwirizanitsa anthu pafupifupi 12, ndipo amatha kulimbana ndi zilombo zazikulu ngati akambuku kapena kambuku. Kupita kukatenga nyama, amakhala pamzera unyolo, ndipo atasankha wovulalayo, amamuthamangitsa pamalo otseguka, komwe kumenyanako.
Adani a nyama izi makamaka ndi achibale, oimira banja la canine, mimbulu kapena nkhandwe. Koma mosiyana ndi achibale apafupi omwe amatola anzawo pammero, mimbulu yofiira imakonda kuukira kumbuyo.
Ku India, komwe nkhandwe zofiira imachitika nthawi zambiri, okalamba amatcha nyama zowopsa ngati "agalu achilengedwe". Koma ku Indochina, monga m'malo ena, kuchuluka kwa nkhandwe yofiira kumachepa mosalekeza.
Malinga ndi asayansi, palibe zolengedwa zosazolowereka zosaposa zikwi ziwiri kapena zitatu padziko lapansi. M'dera la Russia, zolusa izi pafupifupi onse atha.
Chifukwa chavutoli chinali, malinga ndi malingaliro ena, mpikisano wowopsa wa nyama zotere zokhala ndi mimbulu yotuwa - adani owopsa komanso olusa kwambiri, opambana mosalekeza polimbana ndi chakudya.
Zochita za munthu yemwe amafufuza madera atsopano nthawi zonse zimasokonezanso. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwombera nyama izi ndi alenje ndi opha nyama mosakaikira, komanso kuzunzidwa ndi anthu, sikungakhale koma ndi zomveka.
Chifukwa chakuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha anthu, nyamazo zidagweramo Buku Lofiira. Nkhandwe Yofiira osati kutetezedwa ndi lamulo lokha, komanso adakhala chinthu chazinthu zingapo zomwe zidatengedwa kuti zichulukitse anthu. Izi zikuphatikiza kuyang'anira nkhokwe zachilengedwe komanso kusunganso ma genome.
Chakudya
Pokhala wolusa mwachilengedwe, nkhandwe yofiyira imakonda kudya nyama. Ikhoza kukhala zolengedwa zazing'ono: abuluzi ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono, ndi oimira nyama zazikulu, mwachitsanzo, antelopes ndi agwape.
Nthawi zambiri, ungulates amakhala ozunzidwa ndi nkhandwe yofiyira, amathanso kukhala nkhosa zoweta, komanso kuchokera kwa okhala kuthengo: nguluwe, agwape, mbuzi zam'mapiri ndi nkhosa zamphongo.
Zowonongekazi zimasaka nthawi zambiri masana, ndipo kumva kununkhiza bwino kumawathandiza posaka nyama. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti mimbulu yofiira, yomwe imafuna kununkhiza nyama yake, imalumphira mmwamba ndikuyamwa m'mlengalenga.
Posaka, paketi ya mimbulu yofiira imagwira ntchito mwadongosolo kwambiri komanso mwadongosolo. Mamembala a gululo amatambasula tcheni ndikupitiliza kuyenda kwawo ngati mtundu wina, womwe umafanana ndi arc woboola pakati.
Pofuna kuthamangitsa nyama zomwe zili m'mbali mwake, nthawi zambiri zilombo zolusa sizisiya mpata wothawa. Anthu awiri kapena atatu okha ndiamphamvu omwe amatha kupha gwape wamkulu mumphindi zochepa.
Kudya nyama yawo ndi mimbulu yofiira ndichowopsa. Olanda njala amathamangira nyama yomwe yakufa pang'ono, ndikumudya mwachangu kotero kuti nthawi zambiri nyama yatsoka ilibe nthawi yakufa, ndipo ziwalo za thupi lake zimathera m'mimba mwa mimbulu ikadali ndi moyo.
Nthawi zambiri, posaka chakudya, mimbulu yofiira imayenda mozungulira ndi gulu lonselo, potero imasamukira kumalo abwino, zimapezeka kuti ili pamtunda wa makilomita 600 kuchokera pomwe idakhazikikapo.
Kuphatikiza pa nyama yatsopano yodyedwa, mimbulu yofiira, yokhutiritsa kufunikira kwa mavitamini, pogwiritsa ntchito chakudya chodyera ngati chakudya. Ndipo makolo nthawi zambiri amadyetsa ana awo powabweretsera zidutswa za rhubarb.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo wa nkhandwe yofiira
Zinyama zotere zimapanga mabanja olimba, kulera ana pamodzi ndipo sizimatha nthawi yonse ya moyo wawo. Mmbulu umanyamula ana pafupifupi miyezi iwiri. Mimbulu yaying'ono yofiira imabadwa yakhungu, ndipo mawonekedwe ake amafanana kwambiri ndi ana agalu achijeremani.
Kujambula ndi mwana wamphongo wofiira
Amakula ndikukula mofulumira, kutsegula maso awo pakatha milungu iwiri. Ndipo ali ndi miyezi iwiri sangakhale osiyana ndi wamkulu. Zimatenga pafupifupi masiku 50 kuchokera pomwe adabadwa, pomwe anawo amayamba kuwonetsa mawu awo, ndiye kuti akumakuwa mwamphamvu mwadzidzidzi.
Mawu a nyama izi nthawi zambiri amasanduka kufuula, amafuula chifukwa cha zowawa. Ndipo akuluakulu akamasaka komanso pakagwa ngozi amapereka zidziwitso kwa abale awo poimba likhweru.
Mimbulu yofiira imaswana momasuka ndi agalu oweta. Kumtchire, komwe nyama zolusa izi zimamenyera nkhondo nthawi zonse, nyama sizikhala zaka zoposa zisanu. Koma mu ukapolo, momwe pamakhala zoopsa zochepa, chisamaliro ndi zakudya zabwino zimaperekedwa, mimbulu yofiira imatha kukhala zaka 15.
