Ng'ombe yamaliseche yamaliseche (lat. Heterocephalus glaber) ndi mbewa zazing'onoting'ono zomwe zimakhala kum'mawa kwa Africa, m'chipululu komanso ku zigwa za Ethiopia, Kenya ndi Somalia. Nyama yodabwitsa yomwe yasonkhanitsa kuthekera kwakuthupi kwa nyama yoyamwitsa, komanso kudabwitsidwa ndi mabungwe ake, zomwe sizachilendo kwa oimira nyama.
Maonekedwe a makoswe amaliseche
Chithunzi cha makoswe amaliseche osati mawonekedwe osangalatsa kwambiri. Nyamayo imawoneka ngati khoswe wamkulu, wobadwa kumene, kapena kamulu kakang'ono ka dazi.
Chikopa chofiirira cha makoswe alibe tsitsi. Mutha kuwona ma vibrissae (tsitsi lalitali) lomwe limathandiza mbewa yakhungu kuyendetsa ngalande zapansi panthaka, koma ndizochepa kwambiri.
Kutalika kwa thupi la maliseche a maliseche sikupitilira masentimita 10, kuphatikiza mchira wawung'ono wa masentimita 3-4. Nthawi zambiri kulemera kwa thupi kumakhala magalamu 35 mpaka 40. Akazi amphaka amalemera pafupifupi kawiri - pafupifupi magalamu 60-70.
Kapangidwe ka thupi kazolowera moyo wapansi panthaka nyama. Ng'ombe yamaliseche yamaliseche chimayenda ndi miyendo inayi yayifupi, pakati pa zala zake zomwe tsitsi lolimba limakula, kuthandiza nyama kukumba pansi.
Maso ang'onoang'ono osawona bwino komanso makutu ocheperako amawonetsanso kuti nyamayo imakhala mobisa. Komabe, kununkhira kwa nyama kumakhala kosangalatsa komanso kumagawika bwino - njira yayikulu kwambiri ya makoswe akuyang'ana chakudya, fungo lowonjezera limayatsidwa pomwe munthu ayenera kuzindikira wachibale wake malinga ndi udindo wake. Imeneyi ndi mfundo yofunika, chifukwa ndi momwe moyo womwe nyama yabisala umatsogolera umadalira kwathunthu.
Mano awiri ataliatali akutsogolo a nsagwada kumtunda amakhala ngati chida chakukumba nyama. Mano amakakamizidwa mwamphamvu kupita kutsogolo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti milomo itseke mwamphamvu pakamwa pakatsekeka kulowa mkati mwa nthaka.
Amaliseche makoswe ndi nyama zamagazi ozizira
Zapadera za maliseche amiseche
Ndizovuta kupeza nyama yoyamwitsa yomwe ingapikisane ndi maliseche maliseche potengera kuchuluka kwa zodabwitsa pakachitidwe kake ka moyo:
- Kukhazikika... Monga zokwawa ndi zokwawa, makoswe amphongo amatha kusintha kuzizira kozungulira. Mwamwayi, nyama zimangokhala ku Africa kotentha, komwe kutentha kwa dziko lapansi pakuya ngakhale mita ziwiri sikungayambitse hypothermia ya nyama. Usiku, nyama zolimbikira zimamaliza ntchito yawo. Kutentha kumachepa panthawiyi, ndiye kuti makoswe amaliseche amagona onse pamodzi, atakumanizana wina ndi mnzake.
- Kupanda chidwi cha ululu... Chinthu chomwe chimatumiza chizindikiro cha kupweteka kwa mitsempha yapakatikati sichipezeka mu khola la mole. Nyamayo simamva kupweteka ikadulidwa, ikaluma, kapenanso ikakumana ndi khungu ndi asidi.
- Kutha kukhala ndi vuto la mpweya... Ma tunnel omwe amakumbidwa ndi toothy diggers amakhala pansi pa nthaka ndipo ndi masentimita 4-6 okha. Makoswe amaliseche aku Africa ndinazolowera zikhalidwe za kusowa kwa mpweya. Poyerekeza ndi nyama zina, kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira m'magazi a nyama zapansi panthaka ndikokwera kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kutengera mpweya wonse womwe ulipo mu labyrinth. maliseche makoswe, makoswe ndalama zochepa mpweya. Potengera njala ya oxygen, nyama imatha kukhala kupitirira theka la ola, ndipo izi sizimayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa ntchito zamaubongo komanso kufa kwa maselo a digger ang'ono.
Okosijeni ikakhala yochulukirapo ndipo nyama ibwerera momwe imagwiritsidwira ntchito, magwiridwe antchito amtundu wa ubongo amabwereranso kuntchito popanda kuwonongeka.
Makoswe amaliseche amatha kuchita popanda mpweya kwa mphindi 30. popanda kuvulaza thanzi
- Chitetezo cha thupi ku zotupa ndi khansa. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe apaderawa, asayansi akuchita kafukufuku wamakoswe amaliseche. Zinapezeka kuti chifukwa cholepheretsa khansa ndi asidi yachilendo ya hyaluronic yomwe ili mthupi la nyama, yomwe imadziwika kuti imagwira ntchito kuti ichepetse kuchepa kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, komanso kusungunuka kwa khungu ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa madzi. Chifukwa chake mu makoswe a mole, acid iyi ndiyolemera kwambiri yama molekyulu, mosiyana ndi athu - otsika maselo ochepa.
Asayansi akuti kusinthaku kumalumikizidwa ndikufunika kowonjezera kukhathamira kwa khungu komanso kulimba kwa malo olumikizirana nyama kuti azitha kuyenda mosavuta pamakonde ochepera a labyrinths yawo yapansi panthaka.
- Kutha kukhala ndi moyo kwamuyaya. Pafupifupi aliyense amadziwa chifukwa chakukalamba kwa maselo amthupi. Izi ndichifukwa cha zopitilira muyeso zaulere zomwe zimachitika panthawi yopumira mpweya, womwe umakulitsa khungu ndi DNA. Koma ngakhale pano nyama yapaderayi imatetezedwa kuzowopsa zotere. Maselo ake amapirira modekha njira zopangira zowonjezera kwa zaka zopitilira khumi.
- Kutha kuchita popanda madzi. Miyoyo yawo yonse, makoswe amaliseche samamwa galamu limodzi lamadzi! Amakhutira ndi chinyezi chomwe chimapezeka mu tubers ndi mizu ya zomera zomwe zimadya.
- Kutha kusunthira mbali iliyonse. Luso limeneli limanenanso chifukwa cha moyo wapabanja. Ngalande zopapatiza zomwe nyama zimakumba ndizocheperako kotero kuti zimakhala zovuta kutembenukiramo. Chifukwa chake, kuthekera kosunthira patsogolo ndikusunthira kumbuyo m'malo otere sikungasinthe.
Moyo wamphongo wamiseche wamaliseche
Kakhalidwe ka moyo wa makoswe mobisa sikuti ndi banal. Makoswe amaliseche amakhala pa mfundo ya nyerere - madera momwe matriarchy amalamulira. Mfumukazi ndiye mkazi yekhayo amene ali ndi ufulu wobereka.
Mamembala ena onse aku koloni (kuchuluka kwawo kumafika mazana awiri) amagawana maudindo pakati pawo - olimba ndi okhazikika omwe amakumba ma labyrinths, akulu ndi achikulire amayang'anira mdani yekhayo wa omwe amakumba - njoka, ndipo ofooka komanso ocheperako amasamalira achinyamata ndikupeza chakudya.
Makoswe amaliseche amakumba timisewu tapansi, ndikufola mzere umodzi wautali. Wogwira ntchito pamutu wokhala ndi mano olimba amatsegula njira, kusamutsira dziko lapansi kumbuyo, ndi zina zotero mndende mpaka dziko lapansi litaponyedwa kumtunda ndi chinyama chomaliza. Njuchi zotere zimatsitsa nthaka mpaka matani atatu pachaka.
Maulendo apansi panthaka amayikidwa kuya kwa mita ziwiri ndipo amatha kutalika makilomita asanu. Monga nyerere gulu la makoswe amaliseche imakonzekeretsa ma labyrinth okhala ndi mipando yosungira chakudya, zipinda zodyera nyama zazing'ono, ndi nyumba zapadera za mfumukazi.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Makoswe a mole alibe nthawi yeniyeni yoswana. Mfumukazi imabala ana masabata 10-12 aliwonse. Mimba imakhala pafupifupi masiku 70. Zinyalala zazimayi zimakhala ndi ana angapo a nyama - kuyambira 15 mpaka 27.
Mkaziyo ali ndi mawere awiri, koma izi sizolepheretsa kudyetsa ana onse mkaka. Mfumukazi imawadyetsa mosinthana kwa mwezi umodzi. Pambuyo pa nthawi imeneyi, munthu wamkulu amakhala wogwira ntchito ndikugwirizana ndi abale achikulire.
Makoswe amaliseche amakula msinkhu wa chaka chimodzi. Koma ndi mfumukazi yokha yomwe imaloledwa kukwatira ndikubereka ana. Chifukwa cha kusamvera, wolamulira mwankhanza akhoza kuluma membala wolakwayo mpaka kufa kwa nyama.
Kodi makoswe amaliseche amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji? Mosiyana ndi mbewa anzawo ndi makoswe, akumba mobisa amawerengedwa kuti ndiwanthawi yayitali. Pafupifupi, nyama imakhala zaka 26-28, imakhalabe yachinyamata komanso imatha kubereka paulendo wonsewo.
