Pakati pa mbalame zambiri zomwe zimakhala padziko lathuli, pali mawonekedwe oseketsa komanso owoneka bwino, omwe, anapatsidwa mayina osangalatsa. Imodzi mwa mbalamezi imatha kutchedwa kufazomwe zimawoneka ngati choseweretsa chowala komanso chofewa.
Kuwonekera kwa mbalame ya Puffin
Mbalame ya Puffin yaying'ono kukula, pafupifupi kukula kwa njiwa yaying'ono. Kukula kwake kuli pafupifupi 30 cm, mapiko ake amakhala pafupifupi theka la mita. Mkazi amalemera magalamu 310, wamwamuna ndi wochulukirapo - 345 magalamu. Mbalameyi ndi ya dongosolo la mapiritsi ndi banja la pyzhikovs.
Thupi ndilolimba, lofanana ndi thupi la penguin, koma anthu awiriwa siogwirizana. Chofunika kwambiri ndikukhudza modabwitsa chifanizo cha puffin ndi mulomo wake wokongola. Ili ndi mawonekedwe amakona atatu, olimba mwamphamvu kuchokera mbali, ngati chipewa chaching'ono. Pakati pa nyengo yoswana, mlomo umasanduka lalanje lowala.
Mapeto akufa amasankha bwenzi limodzi moyo wonse
Mutu wa mbalameyo ndi wozungulira, wakuda pa chisoti, zotsalazo ndi zoyera, ndi mabala akuda masaya ake. Maso ndi ochepa, ndipo amawoneka kuti ali m'khola, kuwonjezera apo, amawunikiridwa ndi khungu lowala lalanje ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wachikopa.
Thupi kumbuyo kwake ndi lojambulidwa lakuda, m'mimba muli loyera. Miyendo yokhala ndi zikopa, monga ya mbalame zam'madzi, imafanana ndi mtundu wa mlomo wowala. Kumapeto kwa chithunzi imawoneka yachilendo komanso yokongola. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe otere, amatchedwanso kuseka kwam'madzi kapena parrot, zomwe ndizoyenera.
Puffin mbalame malo
Dead end marine wokhala, amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Anthu ambiri amapezeka kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Europe. Dziko lalikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi mbalame zakufa zisa m'mbali mwa magombe Iceland ndipo amapanga 60% ya anthu onse.
Atenga zilumba za Faroe, Shetland ndi zilumba za m'dera la Arctic. Ku North America, ku Witless Bay Nature Reserve, kuli gulu lalikulu (pafupifupi ma 250,000 awiriawiri) a puffins. Madera akuluakulu amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Norway, ku Newfoundland, kumadzulo kwa Greenland.
Pali koloni yayikulu ku Russia ziphuphu zokhalamo pagombe la Murmansk. Magulu ang'onoang'ono amakhala ku Novaya Zemlya, kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Kola Peninsula ndi zilumba zoyandikana nazo. Mbalamezi zimasankha zilumba zazing'ono kuti zikhale moyo wawo wonse, koma sizimakonda kudzala kumtunda komweko.
Chithunzicho chikuwonetsa puffin wa Atlantic
Mbalameyi imadziwikanso kudera lina la Arctic Circle, koma sikuti imakhalako kuti iswane. Amagawidwanso m'nyanja ya Arctic ndi Atlantic nthawi yonse yachisanu, ndi malire a malire ochokera kugombe la North Africa. Nthawi zina amalowa m'nyanja ya Mediterranean kumadzulo. Nthawi yachisanu imakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, pafupifupi nthawi zonse imakhala m'madzi.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa mbalame ya puffin
Popeza moyo wawo wonse umakhala m'madzi, amasambira bwino kwambiri. Madzi amatambasula mapiko ake ngati akuthawa, ndikufulumira kwa 2 mita pamphindikati. Imatha kuyenda pansi pamadzi mpaka kuya kwa mita 70. Amatha kuyenda pamtunda, ngakhale kuthamanga, koma mosakhazikika, amapindika.
Kupatula nyengo yoswana, ma puffins amakhala okha kapena awiriawiri, akuuluka kuchokera kunyanja mtunda wautali (mpaka 100 km) ndikusunthira pamenepo pamafunde. Ngakhale m'maloto, mbalame zimasuntha miyendo yawo m'madzi nthawi zonse.
Kuti nthenga zisanyowe ndikutentha, ziphuphu zimayang'anitsitsa mawonekedwe awo, kusanja nthenga ndikugawa chinsinsi cha coccygeal gland. Pa nthawi yamoyo pamadzi, kusungunuka kumachitika, puffins amataya nthenga zonse zoyambirira mwakamodzi, ndipo, chifukwa chake, sizingawuluke mpaka zina zatsopano.
Izi zimachitika miyezi ingapo. Moyo wapadziko lapansi suli wokonda kutha, sanasinthidwe bwino kuti atenge ndikufika panthaka yolimba. Mapiko awo amagwira ntchito bwino pansi pamadzi, koma m'mlengalenga nthawi zambiri amauluka molunjika, osawongolera chilichonse.
Ikamatera, mbalameyo imagwa pamimba pake, nthawi zina kumenya mnzake woyandikana naye, ngati analibe nthawi yoti abwerere. Kuti inyamuke, iyenera kugwa pa chingwe chowongolera, mofulumira ikukweza mapiko ake ndikukwera.
Ngakhale kuti mbalame sizikhala bwino nthawi kumtunda, zimayenera kubwerera kumtunda komwe zimakonda kwambiri kuti ziswane. Masika, mbalame zimayesetsa kubwerera kumudzi kuti zisankhe malo abwino oti zimange chisa.
Atasambira kufika kumtunda, amadikirira mpaka chipale chofeĊµa chonse chitasungunuka, ndiyeno ayamba ntchito yomanga. Makolo onsewa akuchita izi - m'modzi akukumba, wachiwiri akutenga nthaka. Zonse zikakonzeka, mbalame zimatha kusamalira mawonekedwe awo, komanso kukonza ubale ndi oyandikana nawo, momwe palibe mbalame imodzi yomwe imakhudzidwa.
Puffins samauluka bwino, koma molunjika
Chakudya chimatha
Puffins amadyetsa nsomba ndi molluscs, shrimps, crustaceans. Za nsomba, nthawi zambiri amadyetsa hering'i, gerbils, eels, capelin. Mwambiri, nsomba zazing'ono zilizonse, nthawi zambiri sizimapitilira masentimita 7. Mbalamezi zimasinthidwa bwino kuti zizisaka m'madzi, zimasambira ndikupumira mpweya wawo kwa mphindi, zimasambira mozungulira, zikuwongolera ndi mapazi awo ndikuthamangira mothandizidwa ndi mapiko awo.
Nsombazo zimadyedwa pomwepo, pansi pamadzi. Koma ngati nyamayo ndi yayikulu, ndiye kuti mbalame zimakokera kumtunda. Posambira m'madzi kamodzi kokha, nsomba zakufa zimatha kugwira nsomba zingapo, masana chilakolako chake chimalola kumeza pafupifupi magalamu 100-300 a chakudya.
Kubalana ndi kutalika kwa mbalame za puffin
Puffins amakhala ndi banja limodzi, amapanga gulu limodzi moyo wonse. Pakufika masika, mu Marichi-Epulo, amabwerera kuchokera kunyanja kupita kumudzi. Okwatirana omwe adakumana atatha nyengo yachisanu amapukuta mitu yawo ndi milomo motsutsana, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ali ndi chiwonetsero chapamwamba kwambiri cha chikondi.
Kuphatikiza apo, amuna, osamalira akazi, amawapatsa nsomba, kuwonetsa kufunikira kwawo ngati tate wabanja. Puffins amapanganso zakale, kapena amakumba zisa zatsopano m'nthaka. Minks anakumba m'njira yoti khomo lawo linali locheperako komanso lalitali (pafupifupi 2 mita), ndipo mwakuya panali malo okhala. M'nyumba momwemo, mbalame zimamanga chisa ndi udzu wouma ndi fluff.
Kukonzekera konse kukamalizidwa, kukwatira kumachitika mu Juni-Julayi ndipo wamkazi amayikira dzira loyera. Makolo ake amasinthana kwa masiku 38-42. Mwana akamaswa, makolo ake amamubweretsera chakudya, chomwe amafunikira kwambiri.
Nsomba ya puffin imatha kunyamulidwa mzidutswa zingapo nthawi imodzi, ndikuyigwira pakamwa ndi lilime loyipa. Mwana wankhuku wakhanda amafundidwa ndi wakuda wakuda wokhala ndi malo oyera oyera pachifuwa; patsiku la 10-11, nthenga zowona zoyambirira zimawonekera. Poyamba, mulomo umakhalanso wakuda, ndipo mwa mbalame yayikulu yokha umapeza mtundu wa lalanje.
Puffins amakonzekeretsa chisa
Mpaka mwanayo atakula, ziphuphu zimamuteteza kwa adani achilengedwe - ziwombankhanga, nkhwangwa, ma gulls ndi skuas. Masana, mwana wankhuku amakhala pachisa, ndipo usiku makolo amapita naye kumadzi ndikumuphunzitsa kusambira. Chisamaliro choterechi chimatenga mwezi wopitilira pang'ono, kenako makolo amangosiya kudyetsa mwanayo. Alibenso kuchitira mwina koma kutuluka mchisa kufikira munthu wamkulu. Mbalame zambiri zimasilira moyo wa puffin - mbalameyi imakhala zaka pafupifupi 30.
